assignment 2

course Mth 158

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assignment #002

002. `query 2

College Algebra

06-01-2007

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11:23:42

R.2.46 (was R.2.36) Evaluate for x = -2, and y = 3 the expression (2x - 3) / y and explan how you got your result.

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RESPONSE -->

( 2 ( - 2 ) - 3 ) / 3

( - 4 - 3 ) / 3

- 7 / 3

Following the order of operations I did the parentheses first, with muliplication before addition. Then made sure the signs were correct.

confidence assessment: 3

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11:24:23

** Starting with (2x-3)/y we substitute x=-2 and y=3 to get

(2*(-2) - 3)/3 =

(-4-3)/3=

-7/3. **

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RESPONSE -->

I know how to plug in numbers into an equation.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:27:42

R.2. 55 (was R.2.45) Evaluate for x = 3 and y = -2: | |4x| - |5y| | and explan how you got your result.

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RESPONSE -->

I I4xI - I5yI I

I I4(3)I - I5(-2)I I

I I7I - I-10I I

I I7I - I10I I

I 7 - 10 I

I -3 I

3

confidence assessment: 3

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11:28:40

** Starting with | | 4x |- | 5y | | we substitute x=3 and y=-2 to get

| | 4*3 | - | 5*-2 | | =

| | 12 | - | -10 | | =

| 12-10 | =

| 2 | =

2. **

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RESPONSE -->

I multiplied wrong, but I did have it correct in my notebook.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:29:20

R.2.64 (was R.2.54) Explain what values, if any, must not be present in the domain of the expression (-9x^2 - x + 1) / (x^3 + x)

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RESPONSE -->

all of them can be used.

confidence assessment: 1

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11:30:43

** The denominator of this expression cannot be zero, since division by zero is undefined.

Since x^3 + x factors into (x^2 + 1) ( x ) we see that x^3 + x = 0 only if x^2 + 1 = 0 or x = 0.

Since x^2 cannot be negative x^2 + 1 cannot be 0, so x = 0 is indeed the only value for which x^3 + x = 0. **

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RESPONSE -->

I did not understad these problems, but I know that the denominator cannot be zero.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:32:05

R.2.73 (was R.4.6). What is (-4)^-2 and how did you use the laws of exponents to get your result?

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RESPONSE -->

-0.004

This problem can be answered by moving the decimal to the left two places.

confidence assessment: 3

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11:33:54

**Since a^-b = 1 / (a^b), we have

(-4)^-2 = 1 / (-4)^2 = 1 / 16. **

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RESPONSE -->

I did this problem wrong because I was simply just moved the decimal over because I thought that was what I was suppose to do.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:36:36

Extra Problem. What is (3^-2 * 5^3) / (3^2 * 5) and how did you use the laws of exponents to get your result?

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RESPONSE -->

(9 * 125 ) / ( 9 * 5)

1125 / 45

25

I don't know how the exponent law helped me, I just simply applied the exponents and solved the equation.

confidence assessment: 2

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11:37:12

** (3^(-2)*5^3)/(3^2*5). Grouping factors with like bases we have

3^(-2)/3^2 * 5^3 / 5. Using the fact that a^b / a^c = a^(b-c) we get

3^(-2 -2) * 5^(3-1), which gives us

3^-4 * 5^2. Using a^(-b) = 1 / a^b we get

(1/3^4) * 5^2. Simplifying we have

(1/81) * 25 = 25/81. **

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RESPONSE -->

I messed up around the negitive exponent.

self critique assessment: 2

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11:41:18

R.2.94. Express [ 5 x^-2 / (6 y^-2) ] ^ -3 with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

I don't understand how to get this answer. It wasn't in the problems to do, and Icannot figure it out.

confidence assessment: 3

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11:42:27

[ 5 x^-2 / (6 y^-2) ] ^ -3 = (5 x^-2)^-3 / (6 y^-2)^-3, since (a/b)^c = a^c / b^c. This simplifies to

5^-3 (x^-2)^-3 / [ 6^-3 (y^-2)^-3 ] since (ab)^c = a^c b^c. Then since (a^b)^c = a^(bc) we have

5^-3 x^6 / [ 6^-3 y^6 ] . We rearrange this to get the result

6^3 x^6 / (5^3 y^6), since a^-b = 1 / a^b.

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RESPONSE -->

I understand that you must rearrange the problem to get the answer that we need.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:43:36

Extra Problem. Express (-8 x^3) ^ -2 with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

I still don't understand about negitive exponents.

confidence assessment: 3

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11:44:36

** ERRONEOUS STUDENT SOLUTION: (-8x^3)^-2

-1/(-8^2 * x^3+2)

1/64x^5

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT:1/64x^5 means 1 / 64 * x^5 = x^5 / 64. This is not what you meant but it is the only correct interpretation of what you wrote.

Also it's not x^3 * x^2, which would be x^5, but (x^3)^2.

There are several ways to get the solution. Two ways are shown below. They make more sense if you write them out in standard notation.

ONE CORRECT SOLUTION: (-8x^3)^-2 =

(-8)^-2*(x^3)^-2 =

1 / (-8)^2 * 1 / (x^3)^2 =

1/64 * 1/x^6 =

1 / (64 x^5).

Alternatively

(-8 x^3)^-2 =

1 / [ (-8 x^3)^2] =

1 / [ (-8)^2 (x^3)^2 ] =

1 / ( 64 x^6 ). **

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RESPONSE -->

I see how we got this answer and I still don't get negitive exponents.

self critique assessment: 3

The definition of a negative exponent:

x^(-a) = 1 / (x^a).

Everything follows from that.

Can you deconstruct the given solution and tell me as precisely as you can exactly what you do and do not understand about each?

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11:47:47

R.2.90 (was R.4.36). Express (x^-2 y) / (x y^2) with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

(x^-2 y) / ( x y^2 )

(x^-2/x) * (y/y^2)

xy/ x^2y^2

confidence assessment: 1

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11:48:26

** (1/x^2 * y) / (x * y^2)

= (1/x^2 * y) * 1 / (x * y^2)

= y * 1 / ( x^2 * x * y^2)

= y / (x^3 y^2)

= 1 / (x^3 y).

Alternatively, or as a check, you could use exponents on term as follows:

(x^-2y)/(xy^2)

= x^-2 * y * x^-1 * y^-2

= x^(-2 - 1) * y^(1 - 2)

= x^-3 y^-1

= 1 / (x^3 y).**

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RESPONSE -->

I still don't understand this negitive exponents.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:49:00

Extra Problem. . Express 4 x^-2 (y z)^-1 / [ (-5)^2 x^4 y^2 z^-5 ] with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

I don't know.

confidence assessment: 3

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11:50:05

** Starting with

4x^-2(yz)^-1/ [ (-5)^2 x^4 y^2 z^-5] Squaring the -5 and using the fact that (yz)^-1 = y^1 * z^-1:

4x^-2 * y^-1 * z^-1/ [25 * x^4 * y^2 * z^-5} Grouping the numbers, and the x, the y and the z expression:

(4/25) * (x^-2/x^4) * (y^-1/y^2) * (z^-1/z^-5) Simplifying by the laws of exponents:

(4/25) * x^(-2-4) * y^(-1-2) * z^(-1+5) Simplifying further:

(4/25) * x^-6 * y^-3 * z^4 Writing with positive exponents:

4z^4/ (25x^6 * y^3 ) **

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RESPONSE -->

I'm still having problems with these exponents.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:50:25

R.2.122 (was R.4.72). Express 0.00421 in scientific notation.

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RESPONSE -->

4.21 * 10^3

confidence assessment:

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11:50:54

** 0.00421 in scientific notation is 4.21*10^-3. This is expressed on many calculators as 4.21 E-4. **

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RESPONSE -->

I triedd to go backto write in the negitive exponent on 10.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:51:20

R.2.128 (was R.4.78). Express 9.7 * 10^3 in decimal notation.

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RESPONSE -->

9,700

confidence assessment: 3

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11:51:45

** 9.7*10^3 in decimal notation is 9.7 * 1000 = 9700 **

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RESPONSE -->

I understand the scientific notation.

self critique assessment: 3

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11:54:13

R.2.150 (was R.2.78) If an unhealthy temperature is one for which | T - 98.6 | > 1.5, then how do you show that T = 97 and T = 100 are unhealthy?

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RESPONSE -->

I 97 - 98.6 I > 1.5

I -1.6 I > 1.5

1.6 > 1.5

unhealthy temperature

I 100 - 98.6 I > 1.5

I 1.4 I < 1.5

healthy temperature

confidence assessment: 3

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11:55:01

** You can show that T=97 is unhealthy by substituting 97 for T to get | -1.6| > 1.5, equivalent to the true statement 1.6>1.5.

But you can't show that T=100 is unhealthy, when you sustitute for T then it becomes | 100 - 98.6 | > 1.5, or

| 1.4 | > 1.5, giving us

1.4>1.5, which is an untrue statement. **

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RESPONSE -->

This is why on the second problem I turned the greater than sign aound.

self critique assessment: 3

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煳{GNǍk枷

assignment #002

002. `query 2

College Algebra

06-01-2007

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12:03:50

R.2.46 (was R.2.36) Evaluate for x = -2, and y = 3 the expression (2x - 3) / y and explan how you got your result.

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RESPONSE -->

( 2 (-2) - 3) / 3

(-4 -3) / 3

-7/3

confidence assessment: 2

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12:04:28

** Starting with (2x-3)/y we substitute x=-2 and y=3 to get

(2*(-2) - 3)/3 =

(-4-3)/3=

-7/3. **

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RESPONSE -->

I got this answer and understood how to get it.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:06:54

R.2. 55 (was R.2.45) Evaluate for x = 3 and y = -2: | |4x| - |5y| | and explan how you got your result.

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RESPONSE -->

I I4(3)I - I5(-2)I I

I I12I - I-10I I

I 12 - 10 I

2

confidence assessment: 3

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12:07:35

** Starting with | | 4x |- | 5y | | we substitute x=3 and y=-2 to get

| | 4*3 | - | 5*-2 | | =

| | 12 | - | -10 | | =

| 12-10 | =

| 2 | =

2. **

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RESPONSE -->

I got this answer and know how to do this kind of problem.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:08:03

R.2.64 (was R.2.54) Explain what values, if any, must not be present in the domain of the expression (-9x^2 - x + 1) / (x^3 + x)

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RESPONSE -->

any, except for 0

confidence assessment: 3

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12:08:18

** The denominator of this expression cannot be zero, since division by zero is undefined.

Since x^3 + x factors into (x^2 + 1) ( x ) we see that x^3 + x = 0 only if x^2 + 1 = 0 or x = 0.

Since x^2 cannot be negative x^2 + 1 cannot be 0, so x = 0 is indeed the only value for which x^3 + x = 0. **

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RESPONSE -->

I got this.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:09:17

R.2.73 (was R.4.6). What is (-4)^-2 and how did you use the laws of exponents to get your result?

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RESPONSE -->

4^2

16

confidence assessment: 0

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12:09:49

**Since a^-b = 1 / (a^b), we have

(-4)^-2 = 1 / (-4)^2 = 1 / 16. **

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RESPONSE -->

I didn't put the answer over a 1 because of the negitive sign.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:11:01

Extra Problem. What is (3^-2 * 5^3) / (3^2 * 5) and how did you use the laws of exponents to get your result?

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RESPONSE -->

I don't understand these questions (I've done this once, but it didn't save on my computer.)

confidence assessment: 3

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12:11:34

** (3^(-2)*5^3)/(3^2*5). Grouping factors with like bases we have

3^(-2)/3^2 * 5^3 / 5. Using the fact that a^b / a^c = a^(b-c) we get

3^(-2 -2) * 5^(3-1), which gives us

3^-4 * 5^2. Using a^(-b) = 1 / a^b we get

(1/3^4) * 5^2. Simplifying we have

(1/81) * 25 = 25/81. **

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RESPONSE -->

I see how to get the answer,but don't really understand how.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:12:25

R.2.94. Express [ 5 x^-2 / (6 y^-2) ] ^ -3 with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

6^3 x^6 / 5^3 y^6

confidence assessment: 0

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12:12:43

[ 5 x^-2 / (6 y^-2) ] ^ -3 = (5 x^-2)^-3 / (6 y^-2)^-3, since (a/b)^c = a^c / b^c. This simplifies to

5^-3 (x^-2)^-3 / [ 6^-3 (y^-2)^-3 ] since (ab)^c = a^c b^c. Then since (a^b)^c = a^(bc) we have

5^-3 x^6 / [ 6^-3 y^6 ] . We rearrange this to get the result

6^3 x^6 / (5^3 y^6), since a^-b = 1 / a^b.

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RESPONSE -->

I still don't understand.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:13:05

Extra Problem. Express (-8 x^3) ^ -2 with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

1 / 64x^5

confidence assessment: 2

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12:13:58

** ERRONEOUS STUDENT SOLUTION: (-8x^3)^-2

-1/(-8^2 * x^3+2)

1/64x^5

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT:1/64x^5 means 1 / 64 * x^5 = x^5 / 64. This is not what you meant but it is the only correct interpretation of what you wrote.

Also it's not x^3 * x^2, which would be x^5, but (x^3)^2.

There are several ways to get the solution. Two ways are shown below. They make more sense if you write them out in standard notation.

ONE CORRECT SOLUTION: (-8x^3)^-2 =

(-8)^-2*(x^3)^-2 =

1 / (-8)^2 * 1 / (x^3)^2 =

1/64 * 1/x^6 =

1 / (64 x^5).

Alternatively

(-8 x^3)^-2 =

1 / [ (-8 x^3)^2] =

1 / [ (-8)^2 (x^3)^2 ] =

1 / ( 64 x^6 ). **

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RESPONSE -->

I get how to make exponents negitive.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:14:37

R.2.90 (was R.4.36). Express (x^-2 y) / (x y^2) with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

1/ x^3 y

confidence assessment: 2

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12:15:35

** (1/x^2 * y) / (x * y^2)

= (1/x^2 * y) * 1 / (x * y^2)

= y * 1 / ( x^2 * x * y^2)

= y / (x^3 y^2)

= 1 / (x^3 y).

Alternatively, or as a check, you could use exponents on term as follows:

(x^-2y)/(xy^2)

= x^-2 * y * x^-1 * y^-2

= x^(-2 - 1) * y^(1 - 2)

= x^-3 y^-1

= 1 / (x^3 y).**

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RESPONSE -->

With the exponents of making it negitive, you put it over a one.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:16:08

Extra Problem. . Express 4 x^-2 (y z)^-1 / [ (-5)^2 x^4 y^2 z^-5 ] with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

4z^4 / 26x^6 * y^3

confidence assessment: 2

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12:16:55

** Starting with

4x^-2(yz)^-1/ [ (-5)^2 x^4 y^2 z^-5] Squaring the -5 and using the fact that (yz)^-1 = y^1 * z^-1:

4x^-2 * y^-1 * z^-1/ [25 * x^4 * y^2 * z^-5} Grouping the numbers, and the x, the y and the z expression:

(4/25) * (x^-2/x^4) * (y^-1/y^2) * (z^-1/z^-5) Simplifying by the laws of exponents:

(4/25) * x^(-2-4) * y^(-1-2) * z^(-1+5) Simplifying further:

(4/25) * x^-6 * y^-3 * z^4 Writing with positive exponents:

4z^4/ (25x^6 * y^3 ) **

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RESPONSE -->

This again is a negitive exponent problem.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:17:29

R.2.122 (was R.4.72). Express 0.00421 in scientific notation.

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RESPONSE -->

4.21 * 10 ^-3

confidence assessment: 3

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12:18:12

** 0.00421 in scientific notation is 4.21*10^-3. This is expressed on many calculators as 4.21 E-4. **

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RESPONSE -->

I understand scientific notation.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:18:30

R.2.128 (was R.4.78). Express 9.7 * 10^3 in decimal notation.

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RESPONSE -->

9700

confidence assessment: 3

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12:19:01

** 9.7*10^3 in decimal notation is 9.7 * 1000 = 9700 **

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RESPONSE -->

this is scientific noation and I understand this process.

self critique assessment: 3

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12:21:44

R.2.150 (was R.2.78) If an unhealthy temperature is one for which | T - 98.6 | > 1.5, then how do you show that T = 97 and T = 100 are unhealthy?

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RESPONSE -->

I 97 - 98.6 I > 1.5

I-1.6I > 1.5

1.6 > 1.5

UNHEALTHY TEMPERATURE

I 100 - 98.6 I > 1.5

I 1.4 I > 1.5

1.4 < 1.5

HEALTHY TEMPERATURE

confidence assessment: 3

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12:22:32

** You can show that T=97 is unhealthy by substituting 97 for T to get | -1.6| > 1.5, equivalent to the true statement 1.6>1.5.

But you can't show that T=100 is unhealthy, when you sustitute for T then it becomes | 100 - 98.6 | > 1.5, or

| 1.4 | > 1.5, giving us

1.4>1.5, which is an untrue statement. **

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RESPONSE -->

This is why I changed to sign on the second one to make it correct.

self critique assessment: 3

................................................."

You are doing well on just about everything but the exponents.

See my notes and send me a more detailed deconstruction of the problem on which I requested it. The more you can tell me about what you are thinking and what you do and do not understand, the better I can address the difficulty.