Query 21

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course MTH 279

Query 21 Differential Equations*********************************************

Question: A 10 kg mass stretches a spring 9.8 cm beyond its original rest position.

A driving force F(t) = 20 N * cos((8 s^-1) * t) begins at t = 0, where the downward direction is regarded as positive.

Write down and solve the appropriate differential equation, obtaining the position function for the motion of the mass.

Plot your solution, and find the maximum distance of the mass from its equilibrium position.

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Your solution:

λ^2 + ω^2 = 0

λ = ±ω*i

y_c = e^(-ωit) + e^(ωit) = (A+B)cos(ωt) + (B-A)sin(ωt)

We can assume that the particular solution will take a form y_p = Acos(8t) + Bt*sin(t)

y_p’ = 8Btcos(8t)+(B-8A)sin(8t)

y_p” = (16B-64A)cos(8t) - 64Btsin(8t)

Plugging in gives:

(16B-64A)cos(8t) - 64Btsin(8t)+64(Acos(8t)+Btsin(8t)) = 16Bcos(8t) = 2cos(8t)

16B = 2

B = 1/8

A = 0

y_p = t*sin(8t)/8

y_g = (A+B)cos(8t) + (B-A)sin(8t) + t*sin(8t)/8

y_g’ = (t-8(A-B))cos(8t) + (-8A-8B+1/8)sin(8t)

Solving using initial conditions:

y(0) = 0 = (A+B)

A = -B

y’(0) = 0 = -8(-B)+8B

8B+8B = 0

B = 0

A = 0

y(t) = t*sin(8t)/8

To find the maximum distance from the equilibrium, we find y(t) = -0.098 m, because at that point, the mass begins to run into itself. This being the case, we find the positive (downward) stroke just before it hits -0.098m. This is the maximum that the mass can travel in the positive direction, which is 0.2214 m.

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I feel pretty confident about most of my answer, but I’m not entirely sure about my initial conditions. The book said to assume that y(0) = 0 and y’(0) = 0. And since y(t) is measured from the equilibrium position, which would be 0, y(0) = 0. I assumed that since the force hadn’t initially given the mass a velocity, that y’(0) = 0.

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Self-critique rating: 3

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Question: The motion of a mass is governed by the equation

m y '' + 2 gamma y ' + omega_0^2 y = F(t),

with m = 2 kg, gamma = 8 kg / s and k = 80 N / m and F(t) = 20 N * e^(- t s^-1).

Solve the equation for the function y(t).

What is the long-term behavior of this system?

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Your solution:

λ^2 + 2γ + ω^2 = 0

λ = -4±2i

y_c = (A+B)e^(-4t)cos(2t) + (B-A)e^(-4t)sin(2t)

y_p = Ce^(-t)

y_p’ = -Ce^(-t)

y_p” = Ce^(-t)

26Ce^(-t) = 20e^(-t)

C = 10/13

y_p = 10/13*e^(-t)

y(t) = (A+B)e^(-4t)cos(2t) + (B-A)e^(-4t)sin(2t) + 10/13*e^(-t)

This is as far as we can go without some initial conditions.

As t approaches infinity, the solution goes to 0, asymptotically.

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary): OK

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Self-critique rating: OK

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Question:

Solve the equation

y '' + 2 delta y ' + omega_0^2 y = F cos( omega_1 * t), y(0) = 0, y ' (0) = 0.

Give an outline of your work. A very similar problem was set up and partially solved in class on 110309, and your text gives the solution but not the steps.

Find the limiting function as omega_1 approaches omega_0, and discuss what this means in terms of a real system.

Find the limiting function as delta approaches 0, and discuss what this means in terms of a real system.

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Your solution:

We start out by solving the homogeneous form of the DE. This leads to y_c = (A+B)e^(-δt)*cos(sqrt(ω_0^2-δ^2)t) + (B-A)e^(-δt)*sin(sqrt(ω_0^2-δ^2)t)

We take the first derivative of y_c, and then impose the initial conditions on both, to discover that A and B are both 0, leading to y_c = 0.

Using the Variation of Parameters method, we find that y_p should take a form of

y_p = u_1(t)*e^(-δt)*cos(sqrt(ω_0^2-δ^2)t) + u_2(t)*e^(-δt)*sin(sqrt(ω_0^2-δ^2)t)

Take the first and second derivatives, and plug them back in, and solve for u_1 and u_2. This leads to the solution the book gives.

The limiting function as omega_1 approaches omega_0 is

Fsin(ω_0*t)/(2δω_0) - Fe^(-δt)sin(sqrt(ω_0^2-δ^2)t)/(2δsqrt(ω_0^2-δ^2)).

In a real system, this means that as the driving force approaches the natural frequency of the system, the system approaches a resonant frequency system.

The limiting function as delta approaches 0 is

Fcos(ω_0*t)/(ω_1^2-ω_0^2) - Fcos(ω_1*t)/(ω_1^2 - ω_0^2).

In a real system, this means that as the damping force approaches 0, the system behaves more and more as a resonant system.

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary): OK

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Self-critique rating: OK

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Question: An LC circuit with L = 1 Henry and C = 4 microFarads is driven by voltage V_S(t) = 10 t e^(-t).

Write and solve the differential equation for the system.

Interpret your result.

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Your solution:

LQ” + RQ’ + Q/C = V_S(t)

R = 0 Ω

Lλ^2 + 1/C = 0

λ = ±i*sqrt(1/(LC)) = ±1/2i

Q_c = Ae^(-1/2*it) + Be^(1/2*it) = (A+B)cos(t/2) + (B-A)sin(t/2)

Q_p = Cte^(-t) + De^(-t)

Q_p’ = -Cte^(-t) + Ce^(-t) - De^(-t)

Q_p” = Cte^(-t) - 2Ce^(-t) + De^(-t)

Plugging in:

5/4*Cte^(-t) - 2Ce^(-t) + 5/4*De^(-t) = 10te^(-t)

-2C+5D/4D = 0

C = 5D/8

5(5D/8)/4 = 10

D = 64/5

C = 8

Q_p = 8te^(-t) + 64e^(-t)/5

Q_g = (A+B)cos(t/2) + (B-A)sin(t/2) + 8te^(-t) + 64e^(-t)/5

This is as far as we can go without initial conditions.

This is the amount of charge, Q, in the system at time t, due to a variable voltage source.

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary): OK

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Self-critique rating: OK"

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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&#This looks good. Let me know if you have any questions. &#