Assignment 28

course Mth 158

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19:41:07

4.1.42 (was 4.1.30). Describe the graph of f(x)= x^2-2x-3 as instructed.

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RESPONSE -->

f(x)= x^2-2x-3

a = 1, b = -2, c = -3

The graph of the equation opens upward since a>0

x = -(-2)/2*1 = 2/2 = 1

y = f(1) = 1^2 - 2*1 - 3 = -4

Vertex = (1,-4)

-2^2 - 4*1*-3 = 16

16 > 0 so there are 2 x-intercepts

x = -(-2) + sqrt(-2^2 - 4*1*-3)/2 = 3

x = -(-2) - sqrt(-2^2 - 4*1*-3)/2 = -1

x intercepts are (-1,0) and (3,0)

y-intercept = f(0) = 0^2 - 2*0 - 3 = -3

(0,-3)

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19:41:12

The function is of the form y = a x^2 + b x + c with a = 1, b = -2 and c = -3.

The graph of this quadratic function will open upwards, since a > 0.

The axis of symmetry is the line x = -b / (2 a) = -(-2) / (2 * 1) = 1. The vertex is on this line at y = f(1) = 1^2 - 2 * 1 - 3 = -4. So the the vertex is at the point (1, -4).

The x intercepts occur where f(x) = x^2 - 2 x - 3 = 0. We can find the values of x by either factoring or by using the quadratic formula. Here will will factor to get

(x - 3) ( x + 1) = 0 so that

x - 3 = 0 OR x + 1 = 0, giving us

x = 3 OR x = -1.

So the x intercepts are (-1, 0) and (3, 0).

The y intercept occurs when x = 0, giving us y = f(0) = -3. The y intercept is the point (0, -3).

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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19:45:22

4.1.67 (was 4.1.50). What are your quadratic functions whose x intercepts are -5 and 3, for the values a=1; a=2; a=-2; a=5?

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RESPONSE -->

a = 1 is f(x) = 1(x - 3) (x - 1) = 1(x^2 + 2x - 3) = x^2 + 2x - 3

a=2 is f(x) = (x - 3) (x - 1) = (x^2 + 2x - 3) = 2x^2 + 4x - 6

a = -2 is f(x) = -2(x - 3) (x - 1) = -2(x^2 + 2x - 3) = -2x^2 - 4x + 6

a = 5 is f(x) = 5(x - 3) (x - 1) = 5(x^2 + 2x - 3) = 5x^2 + 10x - 15

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19:45:27

Since (x+5) = 0 when x = -5 and (x - 3) = 0 when x = 3, the quadratic function will be a multiple of (x+5)(x-3).

If a = 1 the function is 1(x+5)(x-3) = x^2 + 2 x - 15.

If a = 2 the function is 2(x+5)(x-3) = 2 x^2 + 4 x - 30.

If a = -2 the function is -2(x+5)(x-3) = -2 x^2 -4 x + 30.

If a = 5 the function is 5(x+5)(x-3) = 5 x^2 + 10 x - 75.

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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19:47:54

Does the value of a affect the location of the vertex?

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RESPONSE -->

The x coordinate in the vertex stays the same -1

The y coordinate changes.a=1 is (-1,-4) a = 2 is (-1,-8) a = -2 is (-1,8) and a = 5 is (-1,-20)

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19:47:58

In every case the vertex, which lies at -b / (2a), will be on the line x = -1. The value of a does not affect the x coordinate of the vertex, which lies halfway between the zeros at (-5 + 3) / 2 = -1.

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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19:48:02

The y coordinate of the vertex does depend on a. Substituting x = -1 we obtain the following:

For a = 1, we get 1 ( 1 + 5) ( 1 - 3) = -12.

For a = 2, we get 2 ( 1 + 5) ( 1 - 3) = -24.

For a = -2, we get -2 ( 1 + 5) ( 1 - 3) = 24.

For a = 5, we get 5 ( 1 + 5) ( 1 - 3) = -60.

So the vertices are (-1, -12), (-1, -24), (-1, 24) and (-1, -60).

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RESPONSE -->

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19:49:51

4.1.78 (was 4.1.60). A farmer with 2000 meters of fencing wants to enclose a rectangular plot that borders on a straight highway. If the farmer does not fence the side along the highway, what is the largest area that can be enclosed?

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RESPONSE -->

2000 - x

A(x) = x(2000 - 2x) = -2x^2 + 2000x

x = -2000/2*-2 = 500

A(500) = -2*500^2 + 2000*500 = 500,000 sq. m.

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19:49:57

** If the farmer uses 2000 meters of fence, and fences x feet along the highway, then he have 2000 - x meters for the other two sides. So the dimensions of the rectangle are x meters by (2000 - x) / 2 meters.

The area is therefore x * (2000 - x) / 2 = -x^2 / 2 + 1000 x.

The graph of this function forms a downward-opening parabola with vertex at x = -b / (2 a) = -1000 / (2 * -1/2) = 1000.

At x = 1000 the area is -x^2 / 2 + 1000 x = -1000^2 / 2 + 1000 * 1000 = 500,000, meaning 500,000 square meters.

Since this is the 'highest' point of the area vs. dimension parabola, this is the maximum possible area. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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19:51:02

4.1.101 (was 4.1.80). A rectangle has one vertex on the line y=10-x, x>0, another at the origin, one on the positive x-axis, and one on the positive y-axis. Find the largest area that can be enclosed by the rectangle.

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RESPONSE -->

A(x) = x(10 - x)

a = -1 and b = 10

x = -10/2*-1 = 5

a(5) = -(5)^2 + 10*5 = 25 sq units

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19:51:06

** The dimensions of the rectangle are x and y = 10 - x. So the area is

area = x ( 10 - x) = -x^2 + 10 x.

The vertex of this rectangle is at x = -b / (2 a) = -10 / (2 * -1) = 5.

Since the parabola opens downward this value of x results in a maximum area, which is

-x^2 + 10 x = -5^2 + 10 * 5 = 25. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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This looks good. Let me know if you have questions.