Assignment 6

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course Mth 151

If your solution to stated problem does not match the given solution, you should self-critique per instructions at

http://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/geninfo/labrynth_created_fall_05/levl1_22/levl2_81/file3_259.htm

.

Your solution, attempt at solution. If you are unable to attempt a solution, give a phrase-by-phrase interpretation of the problem along with a statement of what you do or do not understand about it. This response should be given, based on the work you did in completing the assignment, before you look at the given solution.

006. Sequences and Patterns

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Question: `q001. Note that there are 7 questions in this assignment.

Find the likely next element of the sequence 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, ... .

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Your solution:

The next element is 16

The difference between the first two elements is 1. The difference between the next two elements is 2, between the next two is 3, between the next two is 4. To follow this sequence, the difference between 11 and the next element would be 5. 11+5=16

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

The difference between 1 and 2 is 1; between 2 and 4 is 2; between 4 and 7 is 3; between 7 and 11 is 4. So we expect that the next difference will be 5, which will make the next element 11 + 5 = 16.

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Self-critique (if necessary): OK

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Self-critique Rating: 3

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Question: `q002. Find the likely next two elements of the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 26, ... .

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Your solution:

42

1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 26, (42), (64)

1 2 4 7 11 (16) (22)

1 2 3 4 (5) (6)

I have tried to make the diagram above that I used to come up with this answer. First I figured out was the difference was between each element to see if I could find the pattern. The differences that I came up with between each element was 1, 2, 4, 7, 11. I could not see a pattern there so I went to the next level and checked for the differences between these numbers. (The differences between the differences - I know that sounds weird.) The differences I came up with here was 1, 2, 3, 4. This is a definite pattern. The next number would be 5. The formula I used to solve this was 5 + 11 = 16 and then 16 + 26 = 42. Next, 6 + 16 = 22 and 22 + 42 = 64

confidence rating #$&*: 2

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Given Solution:

The difference between 1 and 2 is 1; the difference between 2 and 4 is 2, the difference between 4 and 8 is 4; the difference between 8 and 15 is 7; the difference between 15 and 26 is 11.

The differences form the sequence 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, ... . As seen in the preceding problem the differences of this sequence are 1, 2, 3, 4, ... .

We would expect the next two differences of this last sequence to be 5 and 6, which would extend the sequence 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, ... to 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22, ... .

If this is the continuation of the sequence of differences for the original sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 26, ... then the next two differences of this sequence would be 16 , giving us 26 + 16 = 42 as the next element, and 22, giving us 42 + 22 = 64 as the next element. So the original sequence would continue as

1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 26, 42, 68, ... .

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Self-critique (if necessary): OK. I think you made a mistake above. In the last paragraph, you say the 64 is the next element, but in the sequence, you listed it as 68.

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Self-critique Rating: 3

@&

You are correct.

*@

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Question: `q003. What would be the likely next element in the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, ... . It is understood that while this sequence starts off the same as that in the preceding exercise, it is not the same. The next element is not 15, and the pattern of the sequence is different than the pattern of the preceding.

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Your solution:

16

Each element is added to itself.

1 +1 = 2, 2 + 2 = 4, 4 + 4 = 8, 8 + 8 = 16

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

One obvious pattern for this sequence is that each number is doubled to get the next. If this pattern continues then the sequence would continue by doubling 8 to get 16. The sequence would therefore be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ... .

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Self-critique (if necessary): OK

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Self-critique Rating: 3

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Question: `q004. There are two important types of patterns for sequences, one being the pattern defined by the differences between the numbers of the sequence, the other being the pattern defined by the ratios of the numbers of the sequence. In the preceding sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ..., the ratios were 2/1 = 2; 4/2 = 2; 8/4 = 2; 16/8 = 2. The sequence of ratios for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ..., is thus 2, 2, 2, 2, a constant sequence. Find the sequence of ratios for the sequence 32, 48, 72, 108, ... , and use your result to estimate the next number and sequence.

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Your solution:

32/2=16, 48/2=24, 72/2=36, 108/2=54, 162/2=54

32+16=48, 48+24=72, 72+36=108, 108+54=162

Next element is 162

confidence rating #$&*: 2

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Given Solution:

The ratios are 48/32 = 1.5; 72 / 48 = 1.5; 108/72 = 1.5, so the sequence of ratios is 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, ... . The next number the sequence should probably therefore be 108 * 1.5 = 162.

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Self-critique (if necessary): I got the next element right, but I did not get the sequence.

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Self-critique Rating: 1

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Question: `q005. Find the sequence of ratios for the sequence 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21... , and estimate the next element of the sequence.

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Your solution:

2/1=2, 3/2=1.5, 8/5=1.6, 13/8=1.625 21/13=1.615

Not sure about the next element

confidence rating #$&*: 1

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Given Solution:

The ratios are 2/1 = 2; 3/2 = 1.5; 5/3 = 1.66...; 8/5 = 1.60; 13/8 = 1.625; 21/13 = 1.615. The sequence of ratios is 2, 1.5, 1.66..., 1.625, 1.615, ... .

We see that each number in the sequence lies between the two numbers that precede it --

1.66... lies between 2 and 1.5;

1.60 lies between 1.5 and 1.66...;

1.625 lies between

1.66... and 1.60;

1.615 lies between 1.60 and 1.625.

We also see that the numbers in the sequence alternate between being greater than the preceding number and less than the preceding number, so that the intervals between the numbers get smaller and smaller.

So we expect that the next number in the sequence of ratios will be between 1.615 and 1.625, and if we pay careful attention to the pattern we expect the next number to be closer to 1.615 than to 1.625.

We might therefore estimate that the next ratio would be about 1.618. We would therefore get

1.618 * 21 = 33.98

for the next number in the original sequence. However, since the numbers in the sequence are all whole numbers, we round our estimate up to 34.

Our conjecture is that the sequence continues with 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ... .

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Self-critique (if necessary): I can do the math to get the ratios, but was unable to make the connection to come up with the next element. Felt like I was guessing.

@&

If the ratio between one element and the next is 1.618, then it follows that the next element is 1.618 times the first.

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Self-critique Rating: 0

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Question: `q006. Without using ratios, can you find a pattern to the sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ..., and continue the sequence for three more numbers?

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Your solution:

The next three element are 55, 89, 144

Each number is added to the next number in the sequence.

1+1=2, 1+2=3, 2+3=5, 3+5=8, 5+8=13, 8+13=21, 13+21=34, 21+34=55, 34+55=89, 55+89=144

confidence rating #$&*: 2

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Given Solution:

The pattern is that each element from the third on is the sum of the two elements that precede it. That is,

1+1=2,

2+1=3;

3+2=5;

5+3=8;

8+5=13;

13+8=21;

21+13=34;

. The next three elements would therefore e

34+21=55;

55+34=89;

89+55=144.

. The sequence is seen to be 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ... .

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Question: `q007. What is the pattern of the sequence

... 4 7 11 18 ...

and what are the next three numbers in this sequence?

What positive numbers could precede the 4, how did you figure them out and how do you know you got them all?

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Your solution:

The sequence is just like the preceding question. Each number is added to the next one in the sequence.

The next three numbers are 29, 47, 76

The positive numbers preceding the 4 are 1 and 3. I got these numbers by subtracting the preceding number in the sequence. Example: 11-7=4, 7-4=3, 4-3=1.

I had to stop there because 3-1=2 does not fit in the sequence. 1 is the starting point to go forward. I just cannot think of a clear way to word this.

confidence rating #$&*:

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Self-critique Rating: 3

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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#*&!

&#Good responses. Let me know if you have questions. &#