#$&* course Mth 174 If your solution to stated problem does not match the given solution, you should self-critique per instructions at
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: I have to find the integral of the function which is -16t^2+100t+C. I found C by plugging in the zero for t and s=50. That means that c=50, so the complete formula is -16t^2+100t+50. confidence rating #$&* 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: · s' = 100 - 32t. Integrating with respect to t we obtain · s= 100t - 16t^2 + C. Since s = 50 when t = 0 we have · 50 = 100(0) - 16(0)^2 + C, which we easily solve to obtain · 50 =C. this into the expression for s(t) we have · s(t) = 100(t) - 16t^2 + 50
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: problem 6.3.6 (previously 6.3 #16) water balloon from 30 ft, v(t) = -32t+40
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: The integral of -32t+40 is -16t^2+40t+C. When I plug in zero for the t and s=30, c ends up equaling to 30, so the formula is -16t^2+40t+30. confidence rating #$&* 2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: Since v(t) = s ' (t), it follows that the antiderivative of the v(t) function is the s(t) function so we haves · s(t) = -16 t^2 + 40 t + c. Since the building is 30 ft high we know that s(0) = 30. Following the same method used in the preceding problem we get · s(t) = - 16 t^2 + 40 t + 30. The water balloon strikes the ground when s(t) = 0. This occurs when -16 t^2 + 40 t + 30 = 0. Dividing by 2 we have -8 t^2 + 20 t + 15 = 0. The quadratic formula gives us t = [ -20 +- `sqrt( 400 + 480) ] / ( 2 * -8) or t = 1.25 +- sqrt(880) / 16 or t = 1.25 +- 29.7 / 16, approx. or t = 1.25 +- 1.87 or t = 3.12 or -.62. The solution t = 3.12 gives us v(t) = v(3.12) = -32 * 3.12 + 40 = -60, approx. The interpretation of this result is that when it strikes the ground the balloon is moving downward at 60 feet / second.**
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I knew that I would have to find out when the equation equals zero, but I couldn’t figure out the right x values. But once I looked at how the solution used the quadratic equation I understand now how to do it. Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: How fast is the water balloon moving when it strikes the person's head?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: If the person is 6ft tall, then s(t)=6. So the integral is -16t^2+40t+30=6. This ends up being t^2-5/2t-3/2 once you subtract the 6 over and divide by -16. Using the quadratic formula, t = [ 5/2 +- `sqrt( 25/4 + 6) ] / ( 2), which is equal to t=3 or -.5. confidence rating #$&* 2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution:
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12:13:49
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I got stuck on the last step but other than that I understood everything. Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: What is the average velocity of the balloon between the two given clock times?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: To find the average velocity you have to find the change in position over the change in time. So that would be (6-54 ft)/(3-1.5 sec), which is -32ft/sec confidence rating #$&* 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: Average Velocity=-32 m/s average velocity = change in position / change in clock time = (s(3) – s(1.5) ) / (3 sec – 1.5 sec) = (6 ft – 54 ft) / (1.5 sec) = -32 ft / sec. Alternatively since the velocity function is linear, the average velocity is the average of the velocities at the two given clock times: · vAve = (v(1.5) + v(3) ) / 2 = (-56 ft / sec + (-8 ft / sec) ) / 2 = -32 ft / sec. This method of averaging only works because the velocity function is linear.
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12:15:31
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: What function describes the position of the balloon as a function of time?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: The s(t) function is what is used to find the position of an object. Then you have to plug in certain numbers to find the position at a certain time. confidence rating #$&* 2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: ** On this problem you are given s(0) = 30. So we have 30 = -16 * 0^2 + 100 * 0 + c or 30 = c. Thus c = 30 and the solution satisfying the initial condition is s(t) =- 16 t^2 + 100 t + 30. To find the clock time when the object strikes the ground, note that at the instant of striking the ground s(t) = 0. So we solve - 16 t^2 + 100 t + 30 = 0, obtaining solutions t = -.60 sec and t = 3.10 sec. The latter solution corresponds to our ‘real-world’ solution, in which the object strikes the ground after being released. The first solution, in which t is negative, corresponds to a projectile which ‘peaks’ at height 30 ft at clock time t = 0, and which was at ground level .60 seconds before reaching this peak. To find when the height is 6 ft, we solve - 16 t^2 + 100 t + 30 = 6, obtaining t = -.5 sec and t = 3.0 sec. We accept the t = 3.0 sec solution. At t = 3.0 sec and t = 3.10 sec the velocities are respectively v(3.104) = -32 * 3.10 + 40 = -59.2 and v(3.0) = -32 * 3 + 40 = -56, indicating velocities of -59.2 ft/s and -56 ft/s at ground level and at the 6 ft height, respectively. From the fact that it takes .104 sec to travel the last 6 ft we conclude that the average velocity during this interval is -6 ft / (.104 sec) = -57.7 ft / sec. This is how we find average velocity. That is, ave velocity is displacement / time interval, vAve = `ds / `dt. Since velocity is a linear function of clock time, a graph of v vs. t will be linear and the average value of v over an interval will therefore occur at the midpoint clock time, and will be equal to the average of the initial and final velocities over that interval. In this case the average of the initial and final velocities over the interval during which altitude decreased from 6 ft to 0 is vAve = (vf + v0) / 2 = (-59.2 + (-56) ) / 2 ft / sec = -57.6 ft / sec. This agrees with the -57.7 ft / sec average velocity, which was calculated on the basis of the .104 sec interval, which was rounded in the third significant figure. Had the quadratic equation been solved exactly and the exact value ( sqrt(55) + 5 – 3) / 2 of the time interval been used, and the exact corresponding initial and final velocities, the agreement would have been exact.
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12:16:06
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: 6.4.3 (previously 6.4 #12) derivative of (int(ln(t)), t, x, 1). What is the derivative of this function?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: I don’t understand. confidence rating #$&* 0 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution:
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12:23:36
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): After looking at the solution, I have a better understanding of the theorem. Since c=1, the limits are 1 and x, so the the derivative ends up being –ln (x) Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: Why do we use something besides x for the integrand?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: The variables in the limit should be different than the variable in the function. confidence rating #$&* 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: ** In the statement of the Theorem the derivative is taken with respect to the variable upper limit of the interval of integration, which is different from the variable of integration. The upper limit and the variable of integration are two different variables, and hence require two different names. **
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12:24:24
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): The solution explains it a bit better, but I get the overall point Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: 6.4.4 (previously Section 6.4 #18) derivative of (int(e^-(t^2),t, 0,x^3) What is the desired derivative?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: Using the SFT, the limits are x^3 (upper) and 0 (lower). So you have to use the compound rule since one of the limits is x^3. The derivative of x^3 is 3x^2 and the derivative of the original function is just e^-(x^2), so the derivative is e^-(x^2) *3x^2 confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: ** If we were finding (int(e^-(t^2),t, 0,x) the answer would just be e^-(x^2) by the Second Fundamental Theorem. However the upper limit on the integral is x^3. · This makes the expression int(e^(-t^2),t,0,x^3) a composite of f(z) = (int(e^-(t^2),t, 0,z) and g(x) = x^3. · Be sure you understand how the composite f(g(x)) = f(x^3) would be the original expression int(e^(-t^2),t,0,x^3). Now we apply the chain rule: g'(x) = 3x^2, and by the Second Fundamental Theorem f'(z) = e^-(z^2). Thus the derivative is g'(x) f'(g(x))= 3x^2 * e^-( (x^3)^2 ). &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: Find the derivative with respect to x of the integral of e^(t^2) between the limits cos(x) and 3. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: confidence rating #$&*1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: If we were finding (int(e^(t^2),t, x, 3) the answer would just be -e^(x^2) by the Second Fundamental Theorem (along with the reversal of integration limits and therefore sign). However the lower limit on the integral is cos(x). This makes the expression int(e^(t^2),t,cos(x), 3) a composite of f(z) = (int(e^(t^2),t, z, 3) and g(x) = cos(x). Be sure you see that the composite f(g(x)) = f(cos(x)) would be the original expression int(e^(t^2),t,cos(x),3). g'(x) = -sin(x), and by the Second Fundamental Theorem f'(z) = -e^(z^2) (again the negative is because of the reversal of integration limits). The derivative is therefore · g'(x) f'(g(x))= -sin(x) * (-e^( (cos(x))^2 ) = sin(x) e^(cos^2(x)). &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I did something wrong and I’m not sure exactly what it is.
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11:18:57 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: The antiderivative of 2x is x^2, since you up the power by one and divide by it and the antiderivative of 1 is just x, so the solution is x^2 + x + c confidence rating #$&* 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: student answer: x^2 / 2+x Instructor response: ** Good. This is an antiderivative of the given function. So is x^2 + x + c for any constant number c, because the derivative of a constant is zero. The general solution is therefore the function y(x) = x^2 + x + c . **
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11:18:58
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: What is the solution satisfying the given initial condition (part c)?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: To complete the equation y(0) has to equal a number. So I could pick y(0)=6. Then I set the x’s equal to zero and solve for c, which will equal 6. So the full equation is x^2 + x + 6. confidence rating #$&* 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: ** If for example you are given the initial condition y(0) = 12, then since you know that y(x) = x^2 / 2 + x + c, you have y(0) = 0^2 / 2 + 0 + c = 12. Thus c = 12 and your particular solution is y(x) = x^2 + x + 12. **
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok Self-critique rating #$&* ok ********************************************* Question: What three solutions did you graph, and what does your graph of the three solutions look like?
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YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: I graphed x^2 + x + 7, x^2 + x + 6, and x^2 + x + 12. The graph is just three parabolas that are shifted in different spots. confidence rating #$&* 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: ** To graph the three solutions you could choose three different values of c. The graph of x^2 + x is a parabola; you can find its zeros and its vertex using the quadratic formula. The graph of x^2+ x + c just lies c units higher at every point than the graph of x^2 + x. So you get a 'stack' of parabolas. Be sure you work through the details and see the graphs. **
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11:20:51
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok Self-critique rating #$&* ok "