rlw27089emailvccsedu

course Mth 173

Hello

last form my email was wrong and left off time and date" "Q1: Let A stand for the collection of all whole numbers which have at least one even digit (e.g., 237, 864, 6, 3972 are in the collection, while 397, 135, 1, 9937 are not). Let A ' stand for the collection of all whole numbers which are not in the collection A. Let B stand for the collection { 3, 8, 35, 89, 104, 357, 4321 }. What numbers do B and A have in common? What numbers do B and A' have in common?

A1: Since we know that in set B there are the numbers 3, 8, 35, 89, 104, 357, 4321 and A stands for the collection of all whole numbers which have at least one even digit then the numbers in set B that are whole numbers and have one even digits is what A and B have in common. Set A and set B have 8, 89, 104, 4321 in common. If A’ is what is not in collection A then this would be what was left over from B that did not get included in collection A. So A’ and set B have 3, 35, and 357 in common.

SR: 3

Q2: I have in a room 8 people with dark hair brown, 2 people with bright red hair, and 9 people with light brown or blonde hair. Nobody has more than one hair color. Is it possible that there are exactly 17 people in the room?

A2: No, because no one person has more than one hair color so you would take the 8 people with dark brown hair and add to them 2 with bright red hair and 9 with either light brown or blonde hair 8+2+9=19 which is two more then 17.

SR: 3

Q3: I have in a room 6 people with dark hair and 10 people with blue eyes. There are only 14 people in the room. But 10 + 6 = 16, which is more than 14. How can this be?

A3: For this to be correct two of the people with blue eyes would have to have dark hair. Then it would be 10+4=14 people. There is nothing in the problem that states the people with blue eyes can not have dark hair or visa versus

SR: 3

Q4: In a set of 100 child's blocks 60 blocks are cubical and 40 blocks are cylindrical. 30 of the blocks are red and 20 of the red blocks are cubical. How many of the cylindrical blocks are red?

A4: We know that 30 of the blocks are red and that only 20 of these red blocks are cubical. Therefore you subtract 20 from 30 and you get 10 left over red blocks. The only other shape block there is would be a cylindrical block so there are 10 red cylindrical blocks.

SR: 3

&#I need to see the questions so I can be sure what your answers mean. Most of the time I can tell, but I'm dealing with information that comes in from over 1000 different files, containing a total of about 10 000 questions. While I'm familiar with the content and sequencing of the questions, having written them all, and know what I'm looking for, different students will answer these questions in different ways and I need to be able to relate your answers to the specific wording of each question. When reviewing my responses you will also need to be able to relate your answers and my comments to the specifics of the original document. So it will be important for you to insert your responses into a copy of the original document, according to instructions, without otherwise changing any of the content of the original document. This will ensure you of the best possible feedback on your work. &#

#$&*

rlw27089emailvccsedu

course Mth 173

Preliminary Question-Answer (qa) Questions________________________________________

There are 2 questions in this document, accompanied by some instructions.

Copy this document into a word processor or text editor.

Answer the two questions posed in this document, inserting your answers, confidence assessments and self-critiques as explained.

• Solutions are given, but don't look at the solution to a question or problem until you have entered your answer.

• You will probably find that you can answer many of these questions without writing anything down.

• It is often helpful to sketch, doodle, jot down ideas, do calculations, organize and test ideas on paper. On those problems where you cannot arrive at an answer 'in your head', is recommended that you work out your solutions on paper.

When appropriate, you will later be encouraged to use a calculator to do any arithmetic you cannot do mentally. However the calculator is not appropriate to the questions that appear on this document. Put the calculator aside and think through these questions.

When you are finished you will submit your work according to the instructions at the end of this document.

________________________________________

It is important that all the information in documents of this nature be submitted, so that all the information ends up posted at your page.

When submitting documents, do not delete anything from the original document. Insert your answers, questions, comments, etc. as indicated, but do not otherwise change the original document.

________________________________________

*********************************************

Question: `q001. If you are earning money at the rate of 8 dollars / hour and work for 4 hours, how much money do you make during this time? Answer in such a way as to explain your reasoning as fully as possible. A solution to this problem appears several lines below, but enter your own solution before you look at the given solution.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution: (type in your solution starting in the next line)

You work for 4 hours at a pay rate of 8 dollars an hour, so therefore you would multiply the number of hours worked times the payrate. During this time you will have made 32 dollars.

confidence rating #$&* (Type in a number from 0 to 3, indicating your level of confidence in your solution.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

3 means you are at least 90% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 90% of the solution

2 means that you are more that 50% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 50% of the solution

1 means that you think you probably got at least some of the solution correct but don't think you got the whole thing

0 means that you're pretty sure you didn't get anything right)

.............................................

Given Solution: 8 dollars / hour means '8 dollars per hour', indicating that for every hour you work you earn 8 dollars. If you work for 4 hours, then if you earn 8 dollars for every one of those hours you earn 4 * 8 dollars = 32 dollars.

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Self-critique (if necessary): (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise explain in your own words how your solution differs from the given solution, and demonstrate what you did not originally understand but now understand about the problem and its solution.)

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&* (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise evaluate the quality of your self-critique by typing in a number between 0 and 3.

• 3 indicates that you believe you have addressed all discrepancies between the given solution and your solution, in such a way as to demonstrate your complete understanding of the situation.

• 2 indicates that you believe you addressed most of the discrepancies between the given solution and your solution but are unsure of some aspects of the situation; you would at this point consider including a question or a statement of what you're not sure you understand

• 1 indicates that you believe you understand the overall idea of the solution but have not been able to address the specifics of the discrepancies between your solution and the given solution; in this case you would normally include a question or a statement of what you're not sure you understand

• 0 indicates that you don't understand the given solution, and/or can't make a reasonable judgement about whether or not your solution is correct; in this case you would be expected to address the given solution phrase-by-phrase and state what you do and do not understand about each phrase)

*********************************************

Question: `q002. If you work 12 hours and earn $168, then at what rate, in dollars / hour, were you making money?

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution: (type in your solution starting in the next line)

You made $168 working 12 hours so you would divide the total amount made by the number of hours worked and it will give you the payrate per hour that you made.

confidence rating #$&* (Type in a number from 0 to 3, indicating your level of confidence in your solution.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

3 means you are at least 90% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 90% of the solution

2 means that you are more that 50% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 50% of the solution

1 means that you think you probably got at least some of the solution correct but don't think you got the whole thing

0 means that you're pretty sure you didn't get anything right)

.............................................

Given Solution: $168 earned in 12 hours implies that $168 / 12 = $14 were made per hour, so the rate is $14 / hour.

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Self-critique (if necessary): (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise explain in your own words how your solution differs from the given solution, and demonstrate what you did not originally understand but now understand about the problem and its solution.)

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&* (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise evaluate the quality of your self-critique, using a number between 0 and 3.

3 indicates that you believe you have addressed all discrepancies between the given solution and your solution, in such a way as to demonstrate your complete understanding of the situation.

2 indicates that you believe you addressed most of the discrepancies between the given solution and your solution but are unsure of some aspects of the situation; you would at this point consider including a question or a statement of what you're not sure you understand

1 indicates that you believe you understand the overall idea of the solution but have not been able to address the specifics of the discrepancies between your solution and the given solution; in this case you would normally include a question or a statement of what you're not sure you understand

0 indicates that you don't understand the given solution, and/or can't make a reasonable judgement about whether or not your solution is correct; in this case you would be expected to address the given solution phrase-by-phrase and state what you do and do not understand about each phrase)

________________________________________

There are 10 more questions, but before you work them you should see how to submit your work. So take a couple of minutes and submit a copy of the everything above this point in your document, using the Submit Work Form at http://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/submit_work.htm. The form has instructions but read the following:

• You will be asked to give your work a title. You may use any title you wish; if you aren't sure what you want to call it, just call it 'First Two Questions' or something of that nature. The title you choose is the title under which your work will be posted after the instructor has reviewed it.

• You will simply copy and paste everything that precedes this paragraph, including your answers, confidence assessments, self-critiques, etc., into a box in the form, and click Submit.

• Your work will then be posted by the end of the following day, and often by the end of the day on which you submit it, at your personal access site. You received instructions for accessing this site with your access code.

It is suggested that you bookmark the Submit Work Form now, but if you don't you will be reminded later.

________________________________________

&#This looks good. Let me know if you have any questions. &#

#$&*

rlw27089emailvccsedu

course Mth 173

preliminary qa

Introductory Question-Answer (qa) Sequence________________________________________

There are 12 questions in this document, along with some instructions.

________________________________________

Here are the remaining ten questions:

*********************************************

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution: (type in your solution starting in the next line)

You work for 4 hours at a pay rate of 8 dollars an hour, so therefore you would multiply the number of hours worked times the payrate. During this time you will have made 32 dollars.

confidence rating #$&* 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

(Type in a number from 0 to 3, indicating your level of confidence in your solution.

3 means you are at least 90% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 90% of the solution

2 means that you are more that 50% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 50% of the solution

1 means that you think you probably got at least some of the solution correct but don't think you got the whole thing

0 means that you're pretty sure you didn't get anything right)

.............................................

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Self-critique (if necessary): (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise explain in your own words how your solution differs from the given solution, and demonstrate what you did not originally understand but now understand about the problem and its solution.)

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&* (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise evaluate the quality of your self-critique by typing in a number between 0 and 3.

• 3 indicates that you believe you have addressed all discrepancies between the given solution and your solution, in such a way as to demonstrate your complete understanding of the situation.

*********************************************

Question: `q002. If you work 12 hours and earn $168, then at what rate, in dollars / hour, were you making money?

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution: (type in your solution starting in the next line)

You made $168 working 12 hours so you would divide the total amount made by the number of hours worked and it will give you the payrate per hour that you made which $14.

confidence rating #$&* 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

(Type in a number from 0 to 3, indicating your level of confidence in your solution.

3 means you are at least 90% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 90% of the solution

2 means that you are more that 50% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 50% of the solution

1 means that you think you probably got at least some of the solution correct but don't think you got the whole thing

0 means that you're pretty sure you didn't get anything right)

.............................................

Given Solution: $168 earned in 12 hours implies that $168 / 12 = $14 were made per hour, so the rate is $14 / hour.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Self-critique (if necessary): (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise explain in your own words how your solution differs from the given solution, and demonstrate what you did not originally understand but now understand about the problem and its solution.)

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&* (If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise evaluate the quality of your self-critique, using a number between 0 and 3.

3 indicates that you believe you have addressed all discrepancies between the given solution and your solution, in such a way as to demonstrate your complete understanding of the situation.

*********************************************

Question: `q003. If you are earning 8 dollars / hour, how long will it take you to earn $72? The answer may well be obvious, but explain as best you can how you reasoned out your result.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution: (type in your solution starting in the next line)

You make $8 per hour and you want to know how many hours will it take you to earn $72 so you would divide the $72 by the $8 which will give you a total of 9 hours required.

confidence rating #$&*

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Your Confidence Rating should be entered on the line above, after the colon at the end of the prompt.

Your Confidence Rating is a number from 0 to 3, which is to indicate your level of confidence in your solution.

3 indicates that you believe you have addressed all discrepancies between the given solution and your solution, in such a way as to demonstrate your complete understanding of the situation.

.............................................

Given Solution: Many students simply know, at the level of common sense, that if we divide $72 by $8 / hour we get 9 hours, so 9 hours are required.

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Self-critique (if necessary): If you are sure your solution matches the given solution, and/or are sure you completely understand the given solution, then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise you should include a self-critique. In your self-critique you should explain in your own words how your solution differs from the given solution, and demonstrate what you did not originally understand but now understand about the problem and its solution.

Note that your instructor scans your document for questions and indications that you are having difficulty, usually beginning with your self-critique.

• If no self-critique is present, your instructor assumes you understand the solution to your satisfaction and do not need additional information or assistance.

• If you do not fully understand the given solution, and/or if you still have questions after reading and taking notes on the given solution, you should self-critique in the manner described in the preceding paragraph.

Insert your 'OK' or your self-critique, as appropriate, starting in the next line:

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&*

Your self-critique rating should be entered on the line above, after the colon at the end of the prompt.

Your self-critique rating is a number from 0 to 3, which is to indicate your level of confidence in your solution.

(If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise evaluate the quality of your self-critique by typing in a number between 0 and 3.

• 3 indicates that you believe you have addressed all discrepancies between the given solution and your solution, in such a way as to demonstrate your complete understanding of the situation.

*********************************************

Question: `q004. Calculate (8 + 3) * 5 and 8 + 3 * 5, indicating the order of your steps. Explain, as best you can, the reasons for the difference in your results.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution: (type in your solution starting in the next line)

(8 + 3) * 5 = 55 because of the grouping which implies that you first have to do what is in the parenthesis which gives you 11 then you multiply that sum by 5 to get 55. Since 8 + 3 * 5 has no parenthesis you would multiply 5 times 3 first giving you 15 and the at 8 which will give you a sum of 23.

confidence rating #$&*

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Your Confidence Rating should be entered on the line above, after the colon at the end of the prompt.

Your Confidence Rating is a number from 0 to 3, which is to indicate your level of confidence in your solution.

3 means you are at least 90% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 90% of the solution

2 means that you are more that 50% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 50% of the solution

1 means that you think you probably got at least some of the solution correct but don't think you got the whole thing

0 means that you're pretty sure you didn't get anything right)

.............................................

Given Solution: (8 + 3) * 5 and 8 + 3 * 5

To evaluate (8 + 3) * 5, you will first do the calculation in parentheses. 8 + 3 = 11, so

(8 + 3) * 5 = 11 * 5 = 55.

To evaluate 8 + 3 * 5 you have to decide which operation to do first, 8 + 3 or 3 * 5. You should be familiar with the order of operations, which tells you that multiplication precedes addition. The first calculation to do is therefore 3 * 5, which is equal to 15. Thus

8 + 3 * 5 = 8 + 15 = 23

The results are different because the grouping in the first expression dictates that the addition be done first.

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Self-critique (if necessary): If you are sure your solution matches the given solution, and/or are sure you completely understand the given solution, then just type in 'OK'.

Note that your instructor scans your document for questions and indications that you are having difficulty, usually beginning with your self-critique.

• If no self-critique is present, your instructor assumes you understand the solution to your satisfaction and do not need additional information or assistance.

Insert your 'OK' or your self-critique, as appropriate, starting in the next line:

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&*

Your self-critique rating should be entered on the line above, after the colon at the end of the prompt.

Your self-critique rating is a number from 0 to 3, which is to indicate your level of confidence in your solution.

(If you believe your solution matches the given solution then just type in 'OK'.

Otherwise evaluate the quality of your self-critique by typing in a number between 0 and 3.

• 3 indicates that you believe you have addressed all discrepancies between the given solution and your solution, in such a way as to demonstrate your complete understanding of the situation.

In subsequent problems the detailed instructions that accompanied the first four problems are missing. We assume you will know to follow the same instructions in answering the remaining questions.

*********************************************

Question: `q005. Calculate (2^4) * 3 and 2^(4 * 3), indicating the order of your steps. Explain, as best you can, the reasons for the difference in your results. Note that the symbol '^' indicates raising to a power. For example, 4^3 means 4 raised to the third power, which is the same as 4 * 4 * 4 = 64.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

(2^4) * 3: 2 is raised to the fourth power is in parenthesis so it should be calculated first which is 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 16. Then you would multiply 16 * 3 which equals 48.

2^(4 * 3): since 4*3 is in parenthesis 2 is raised to the power of 12. 2^12 = 4096

confidence rating #$&*

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Your Confidence Rating should be entered on the line above, after the colon at the end of the prompt.

Your Confidence Rating is a number from 0 to 3, which is to indicate your level of confidence in your solution.

3 means you are at least 90% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 90% of the solution

2 means that you are more that 50% confident of your solution, or that you are confident you got at least 50% of the solution

1 means that you think you probably got at least some of the solution correct but don't think you got the whole thing

0 means that you're pretty sure you didn't get anything right)

.............................................

Given Solution:

To evaluate (2^4) * 3 we first evaluate the grouped expression 2^4, which is the fourth power of 2, equal to 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 16. So we have

(2^4) * 3 = 16 * 3 = 48.

To evaluate 2^(4 * 3) we first do the operation inside the parentheses, obtaining 4 * 3 = 12. We therefore get

2^(4 * 3) = 2^12 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 4096.

It is easy to multiply by 2, and the powers of 2 are important, so it's appropriate to have asked you to do this problem without using a calculator. Had the exponent been much higher, or had the calculation been, say, 3^12, the calculation would have become tedious and error-prone, and the calculator would have been recommended.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

*********************************************

Question: `q006. Calculate 3 * 5 - 4 * 3 ^ 2 and 3 * 5 - (4 * 3)^2 according to the standard order of operations, indicating the order of your steps. Explain, as best you can, the reasons for the difference in your results.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

confidence rating #$&*

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

To calculate 3 * 5 - 4 * 3 ^ 2, the first operation is the exponentiation operation ^.

• The two numbers involved in the exponentiation are 3 and 2; the 4 is 'attached' to the 3 by multiplication, and this multiplication can't be done until the exponentiation has been performed.

• The exponentiation operation is therefore 3^2 = 9, and the expression becomes 3 * 5 - 4 * 9.

Evaluating this expression, the multiplications 3 * 5 and 4 * 9 must be performed before the subtraction. 3 * 5 = 15 and 4 * 9 = 36 so we now have

3 * 5 - 4 * 3 ^ 2 = 3 * 5 - 4 * 9 = 15 - 36 = -21.

To calculate 3 * 5 - (4 * 3)^2 we first do the operation in parentheses, obtaining 4 * 3 = 12. Then we apply the exponentiation to get 12 ^2 = 144. Finally we multiply 3 * 5 to get 15. Putting this all together we get

3 * 5 - (4 * 3)^2 =

3 * 5 - 12^2 =

3 * 5 - 144 =

15 - 144 =

-129.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&*

In the next three problems, the graphs will be of one of the basic shapes listed below. You will be asked to construct graphs for three simple functions, and determine which of the depicted graphs each of your graphs most closely resembles. At this point you won't be expected to know these terms or these graph shapes; if at some point in your course you are expected to know these things, they will be presented at that point.

Linear:

Quadratic or parabolic:

Exponential:

Odd power:

Fractional positive power:

Even negative power:

partial graph of polynomial of degree 3

more extensive graph of polynomial of degree 3

*********************************************

Question: `q007. Let y = 2 x + 3. (Note: Liberal Arts Mathematics students are encouraged to do this problem, but are not required to do it).

• Evaluate y for x = -2. What is your result? In your solution explain the steps you took to get this result.

If x = -2, then y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (-2) + 3 = -4 + 3 = -1.

• Evaluate y for x values -1, 0, 1 and 2. Write out a copy of the table below. In your solution give the y values you obtained in your table.

If x = -1, then y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (-1) + 3 = -2 + 3 = 1.

If x = 0, then y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (0) + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3.

If x = 1, then y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (1) + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5.

If x = 2, then y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (2) + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

X Y

-2 -1

-1 1

0 3

1 5

2 7

• Sketch a graph of y vs. x on a set of coordinate axes resembling the one shown below. You may of course adjust the scale of the x or the y axis to best depict the shape of your graph.

• In your solution, describe your graph in words, and indicate which of the graphs depicted previously your graph most resembles. Explain why you chose the graph you did.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

The graph turns out to be a linear which shows it to be a straight line.

confidence rating #$&*

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

Two slightly different explanations are give below, one by a student and one by the instructor. Neither format is inherently better than the other.

GOOD SOLUTION BY STUDENT:

First we need to complete the table. I have added a column to the right of the table to show the calculation of “y” when we us the “x” values as given.

X y Calculation: If y = 2x + 3

-2 -1 If x = -2, then y = 2(-2)+3 = -4+3 = -1

-1 1 If x= -1, then y = 2(-1)+3 = -2+3 = 1

0 3 If x= 0, then y = 2(0)+3 = 0+3 = 3

1 5 If x= 1, then y = 2(1)+3 = 2+3 = 5

2 7 If x= 2, then y = 2(2)+3 = 4+3 = 7

Once an answer has been determined, the “y” value can be filled in. Now we have both the “x” and “y” values and we can begin our graph. The charted values continue on a straight line representing a linear function as shown above.

INSTRUCTOR'S SOLUTION:

We easily evaluate the expression:

• When x = -2, we get y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (-2) + 3 = -4 + 3 = -1.

• When x = -1, we get y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (-1) + 3 = -2 + 3 = 1.

• When x = 0, we get y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (0) + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3.

• When x = 1, we get y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (1) + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5.

• When x = 2, we get y = 2 x + 3 = 2 * (2) + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

Filling in the table we have

X Y

-2 -1

-1 1

0 3

1 5

2 7

When we graph these points we find that they lie along a straight line.

Only one of the depicted graphs consists of a straight line, and we conclude that the appropriate graph is the one labeled 'linear'.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating #$&*

*********************************************

Question: `q008. Let y = x^2 + 3. (Note: Liberal Arts Mathematics students are encouraged to do this problem, but are not required to do it).

• Evaluate y for x = -2. What is your result? In your solution explain the steps you took to get this result.

If x = -2 then y = x^2 + 3 = (-2)^2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

• Evaluate y for x values -1, 0, 1 and 2. Write out a copy of the table below. In your solution give the y values you obtained in your table.

If x = -1 then y = x^2 + 3 = (-1)^2 + 3 = ` + 3 = 4.

If x = 0 then y = x^2 + 3 = (0)^2 + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3.

If x = 1 then y = x^2 + 3 = (1)^2 + 3 = 1 + 3 = 4.

If x = 2 then y = x^2 + 3 = (2)^2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

X Y

-2 7

-1 4

0 3

1 4

2 7

• Sketch a graph of y vs. x on a set of coordinate axes resembling the one shown below. You may of course adjust the scale of the x or the y axis to best depict the shape of your graph.

• In your solution, describe your graph in words, and indicate which of the graphs depicted previously your graph most resembles. Explain why you chose the graph you did.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

It is a quadratic or parabola graph because as we move from the lowest point the graph rises up, becoming steeper, and the behavior is the same whether we move to the left or right of the lowest point. This means our graph has symmetry.

confidence rating #$&*

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

Evaluating y = x^2 + 3 at the five points:

• If x = -2 then we obtain y = x^2 + 3 = (-2)^2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

• If x = -1 then we obtain y = x^2 + 3 = (-1)^2 + 3 = ` + 3 = 4.

• If x = 0 then we obtain y = x^2 + 3 = (0)^2 + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3.

• If x = 1 then we obtain y = x^2 + 3 = (1)^2 + 3 = 1 + 3 = 4.

• If x = 2 then we obtain y = x^2 + 3 = (2)^2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

The table becomes

X y

-2 7

-1 4

0 3

1 4

2 7

We note that there is a symmetry to the y values. The lowest y value is 3, and whether we move up or down the y column from the value 3, we find the same numbers (i.e., if we move 1 space up from the value 3 the y value is 4, and if we move one space down we again encounter 4; if we move two spaces in either direction from the value 3, we find the value 7).

A graph of y vs. x has its lowest point at (0, 3).

If we move from this point, 1 unit to the right our graph rises 1 unit, to (1, 4), and if we move 1 unit to the left of our 'low point' the graph rises 1 unit, to (-1, 4).

If we move 2 units to the right or the left from our 'low point', the graph rises 4 units, to (2, 7) on the right, and to (-2, 7) on the left.

Thus as we move from our 'low point' the graph rises up, becoming increasingly steep, and the behavior is the same whether we move to the left or right of our 'low point'. This reflects the symmetry we observed in the table. So our graph will have a right-left symmetry.

Two of the depicted graphs curve upward away from the 'low point'. One is the graph labeled 'quadratic or parabolic'. The other is the graph labeled 'partial graph of degree 3 polynomial'.

If we look closely at these graphs, we find that only the first has the right-left symmetry, so the appropriate graph is the 'quadratic or parabolic' graph.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Question: `q009. Let y = 2 ^ x + 3. (Note: Liberal Arts Mathematics students are encouraged to do this problem, but are not required to do it).

• Evaluate y for x = 1. What is your result? In your solution explain the steps you took to get this result.

If x = 1 then y = 2^1 + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5.

• Evaluate y for x values 2, 3 and 4. Write out a copy of the table below. In your solution

give the y values you obtained in your table.

If x = 2 then y = 2^2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

If x = 3 then y = 2^3 + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11.

If x = 4 then y = 2^4 + 3 = 16 + 3 = 19.

X y

1 5

2 7

3 11

4 19

• Sketch a graph of y vs. x on a set of coordinate axes resembling the one shown below. You may of course adjust the scale of the x or the y axis to best depict the shape of your graph.

• In your solution, describe your graph in words, and indicate which of the graphs depicted previously your graph most resembles. Explain why you chose the graph you did.

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

This graph is the exponential graph because as it increases to the right the graph is steadily getting steeper.

confidence rating #$&*

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Given Solution:

Recall that the exponentiation in the expression 2^x + 1 must be done before, not after the addition.

When x = 1 we obtain y = 2^1 + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5.

When x = 2 we obtain y = 2^2 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

When x = 3 we obtain y = 2^3 + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11.

When x = 4 we obtain y = 2^4 + 3 = 16 + 3 = 19.

X y

1 5

2 7

3 11

4 19

Looking at the numbers in the y column we see that they increase as we go down the column, and that the increases get progressively larger. In fact if we look carefully we see that each increase is double the one before it, with increases of 2, then 4, then 8.

When we graph these points we find that the graph rises as we go from left to right, and that it rises faster and faster. From our observations on the table we know that the graph in fact that the rise of the graph doubles with each step we take to the right.

The only graph that increases from left to right, getting steeper and steeper with each step, is the graph labeled 'exponential'.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Question: `q010. If you divide a certain positive number by 1, is the result greater than the original number, less than the original number or equal to the original number, or does the answer to this question depend on the original number?

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Your solution:

If you divide a certain positive number by one the result is always the same as the original number because you are dividing by one.

confidence rating #$&*

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Given Solution: If you divide any number by 1, the result is the same as the original number. Doesn't matter what the original number is, if you divide it by 1, you don't change it.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Question: `q011. If you divide a certain positive number by a number greater than 1, is the result greater than the original number, less than the original number or equal to the original number, or does the answer to this question depend on the original number?

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Your solution:

If you divide a number by a number greater than one it will be a smaller number than the original because the bigger the number you divide by the smaller the quotient.

confidence rating #$&*

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Given Solution: If you split something up into equal parts, the more parts you have, the less will be in each one. Dividing a positive number by another number is similar. The bigger the number you divide by, the less you get.

Now if you divide a positive number by 1, the result is the same as your original number. So if you divide the positive number by a number greater than 1, what you get has to be smaller than the original number. Again it doesn't matter what the original number is, as long as it's positive.

Students will often reason from examples. For instance, the following reasoning might be offered:

OK, let's say the original number is 36. Let's divide 36 be a few numbers and see what happens:

36/2 = 18. Now 3 is bigger than 2, and

36 / 3 = 12. The quotient got smaller. Now 4 is bigger than 3, and

36 / 4 = 9. The quotient got smaller again. Let's skip 5 because it doesn't divide evenly into 36.

36 / 6 = 4. Again we divided by a larger number and the quotient was smaller.

I'm convinced.

That is a pretty convincing argument, mainly because it is so consistent with our previous experience. In that sense it's a good argument. It's also useful, giving us a concrete example of how dividing by bigger and bigger numbers gives us smaller and smaller results.

However specific examples, however convincing and however useful, don't actually prove anything. The argument given at the beginning of this solution is general, and applies to all positive numbers, not just the specific positive number chosen here.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating #$&*

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Question: `q012. If you divide a certain positive number by a positive number less than 1, is the result greater than the original number, less than the original number or equal to the original number, or does the answer to this question depend on the original number?

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

If you divide a number by a positive number less than one then the answer will be greater than the original because the smaller the number you divide by the bigger the quotient.

confidence rating #$&*

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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Given Solution: If you split something up into equal parts, the more parts you have, the less will be in each one. Dividing a positive number by some other number is similar. The bigger the number you divide by, the less you get. The smaller the number you divide by, the more you get.

Now if you divide a positive number by 1, the result is the same as your original number. So if you divide the positive number by a positive number less than 1, what you get has to be larger than the original number. Again it doesn't matter what the original number is, as long as it's positive.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Question: `q013. Students often get the basic answers to nearly all, or even all these questions, correct. Your instructor has however never seen anyone who addressed all the subtleties in the given solutions in their self-critiques, and it is very common for a student to have given no self-critiques. It is very likely that there is something in the given solutions that is not expressed in your solution.

This doesn't mean that you did a bad job. If you got most of the 'answers' right, you did fine.

However, in order to better understand the process, you are asked here to go back and find something in one of the given solutions that you did not address in your solution, and insert a self-critique. You should choose something that isn't trivial to you--something you're not 100% sure you understand.

If you can't find anything, you can indicate this below, and the instructor will point out something and request a response (the instructor will select something reasonable, but will then expect a very good and complete response). However it will probably be less work for you if you find something yourself.

Your response should be inserted at the appropriate place in this document, and should be indicated by preceding it with ####.

As an answer to this question, include a copy of whatever you inserted above, or an indication that you can't find anything.

your answer: vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv I thought my answers were pretty much right but any feedback would be helpful.

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Submit a copy of this document using the Submit Work Form at http://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/submit_work.htm. The form has instructions but read the following:

• You will simply copy and paste everything that precedes this paragraph, including your answers, Confidence Ratings, self-critiques, etc., into a box in the form, and click Submit.

It is suggested that you bookmark the Submit Work Form now, but if you don't you will be reminded later.

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When you have submitted this document, you will have complete Step 3 of the 8-step Orientation. Your next step will be to return tohttp://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/geninfo/startup_and_orientation.htm and continue on to Step 4.

&#Good work. Let me know if you have questions. &#

#$&*