course Mth 272
......!!!!!!!!...................................
12:39:48 `q001. Part 1 includes six activities. If you have completed an activity, just enter the answer 'completed'. This question is appearing in the Question box. The box to the right is the Answer box, where you will type in your answers to the questions posed here. To use this program you read a question, then enter your answer in the Answer box and click on Enter Answer. In your answers give what is requested, but don't go into excruciating detail. Try to give just enough that the instructor can tell that you understand an item. After entering an answer click on Next Question/Answer above the Question box. Do you understand these instructions?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
12:39:56 `q001. Part 1 includes six activities. If you have completed an activity, just enter the answer 'completed'. This question is appearing in the Question box. The box to the right is the Answer box, where you will type in your answers to the questions posed here. To use this program you read a question, then enter your answer in the Answer box and click on Enter Answer. In your answers give what is requested, but don't go into excruciating detail. Try to give just enough that the instructor can tell that you understand an item. After entering an answer click on Next Question/Answer above the Question box. Do you understand these instructions?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE -->
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
12:41:51 This program has created the folder c:\vhmthphy on your hard drive. Browse to that folder and locate the file whose name begins with SEND. The name of this file will also include your name, as you gave it to the program, and the file will show as a Text file. Never tamper with a SEND file in any way. It contains internal codes as if these codes are tampered with you won't get credit for the assignment. However you are welcome to copy this file to another location and view it, make changes, etc. Just be sure that when requested to do so you send the instructor the original, tamper-free file. State in the Answer box whether or not you have been able to locate the SEND file. Don't send the SEND file yet. Note that more questions/instructions remain in the q_a_prelim.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
12:43:01 `q002. Note that every time you click on Enter Answer the program writes your response to your SEND file. Even if the program disappears all the information you have entered with the Enter Answer button will remain in that file. This program never 'unwrites' anything. Even if this program crashes your information will still be there in the SEND file. Explain this in your own words.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> every time i press the enter response button, the response is saved in my SEND file and nothing is ever unwritten.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
12:43:58 Any time you do not receive a reply from the instructor by the end of the following day, you should resubmit your work using the Resubmit Form at http://www.vhcc.edu/dsmith/genInfo/. You have already seen that page, but take another look at that page and be sure you see the Submit Work form, the Resubmit Form and a number of other forms that will be explained later. Enter a sentence or two describing the related links you see at that location.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> bunch of orientation links and instructions
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
12:44:26 `q003. If you are working on a VHCC computer, it is probably set up in such a way as to return to its original configuration when it is rebooted. To avoid losing information it is suggested that you back up your work frequently, either by emailing yourself a copy or by using a key drive or other device. This is a good idea on any computer. Please indicate your understanding of this suggestion.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> save your work frequently
.................................................
}Vںa~ڬ Student Name: assignment #001
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
13:45:23 `q001. It will be very important in this course for your instructor to see and understand the process of visualization and reasoning you use when you solve problems. This exercise is designed to give you a first experience with these ideas, and your instructor a first look at your work. Answer the following questions and explain in commonsense terms why your answer makes sense.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
13:46:12 For each question draw a picture to make sense out of the situation, and include a description of the picture. Samples Sample question and response Question: If a bundle of shingles covers 30 square feet, how many bundles are required to cover a 600 square foot roof? Response: We might draw a picture of a rectangle representing the area, dividing the rectangle into a number of smaller rectangles each representing the area covered by a single bundle. This makes it clear that we are dividing the roof area into 1-bundle areas, and makes it clear why we are going to have to divide. Reasoning this problem out in words, we can say that a single bundle would cover 30 square feet. Two bundles would cover 60 square feet. Three bundles would cover 90 square feet. We could continue in this manner until we reach 600 square feet. However, this would be cumbersome. It is more efficient to use the ideas of multiplication and division. We imagine grouping the 600 square feet into 30 square foot patches. There will be 600 / 30 patches and each will require exactly one bundle. We therefore require 600 / 30 bundles = 20 bundles. {}Your responses might not be as clear as the above, though they might be even more clear. I won't be looking for perfection, though I wouldn't object to it, but for a first effort at visualizing a situation and communicating a reasoning process. This is not something you are used to doing and it might take a few attempts before you can achieve good results, but you will get better every time you try. {}You might be unsure of what to do on a specific question. In such a case specific questions and expressions of confusion are also acceptable responses. Such a response must include your attempts to come up with a picture and reason out an explanation. For example your response might be Sample expression of confusion: I've drawn a picture of a pile of bundles and a roof but I'm not sure how to connect the two. I tried multiplying the number of bundles by the square feet of the roof but I got 18,000, and I know it won't take 18,000 bundles to cover the roof. How do you put the area covered by a bundle together with the roof area to get the number of bundles required? A poor response would be something like 'I don't know how to do #17'. This response reveals nothing of your attempt to understand the question and the situation. Nor does it ask a specific question. Incidentally, you might be tempted to quote rules or formulas about rates and velocities in answering these questions. Don't. This exercise isn't about being able to memorize rules and quote them. It is about expanding your ability to visualize, reason and communicate.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
13:46:53 In your own words briefly summarize the instructions and the intent of this exercise.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. explain your answers as well.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
13:54:51 `q001. If you earn 50 dollars in 5 hours, at what average rate are you earning money, in dollars per hour?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if you earn 50 dollars in 5 hours, 50/5 = 10, this means that you earn 10 dollars every hour hence 10 dollars per hour.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:27:21 If you travel 300 miles in 6 hours, at what average rate are you traveling, in miles per hour?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if you travel 300 miles in 6 hours, 300/6 = 50 as the rate, so the miles per hour is 50.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:32:48 `q002. If a ball rolling down a grooved track travels 40 centimeters in 5 seconds, at what average rate is the ball moving, in centimeters per second?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if the ball rolls 40 cm in 5 seconds then, 40/5 = 8 shows that in one second 8 cms is traveled. so 8 cm per sec
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:46:54 The preceding three questions illustrate the concept of a rate. In each case, to find the rate we divided the change in some quantity (the number of dollars or the distance, in these examples) by the time required for the change (the number of hours or seconds, in these examples). Explain in your own words what is meant by the idea of a rate.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Rate is a quantity measured with respect to another measured quantity. For example, shows an estimate of how much speed has been kept in x number of hours and t number of hours.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:47:40 `q003. If you are earning money at the average rate of 15 dollars per hour, how much do you earn in 6 hours?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if you earn 15 dollars an hour and work 6 hours, each hour you earn 15 hence 15*6= 90 so 90 dollars earned in 6 hours.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:49:18 If you are traveling at an average rate of 60 miles per hour, how far do you travel in 9 hours?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if youre going at 60 mph and traveled 9 hours, each hour you are traveling 60 miles. hence, 9*60= 540, so 540 miles are traveled in 9 hours.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:52:04 `q004. If a ball travels at and average rate of 13 centimeters per second, how far does it travel in 3 seconds?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if the ball travels 13 cms in one second and travels 3 seonds then 13*3= 39 cm in 3 sec
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:53:48 In the preceding three exercises you turned the concept of a rate around. You were given the rate and the change in the clock time, and you calculated the change in the quantity. Explain in your own words how this increases your understanding of the concept of a rate.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Rate relates to the quanity. if the rate increases then your time spent decreases like in driving a car.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:54:29 `q005. How long does it take to earn 100 dollars at an average rate of 4 dollars per hour?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if you earn 4 dollars an hour and wish to make 100 dollars it will take you 100/4 = 25 hours to earn 100 hours at this rate.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:55:15 How long does it take to travel 500 miles at an average rate of 25 miles per hour?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> to travel 500 miles at a rate of 25 mph. it will take you 500/25 = 20 hours to travel 500 miles
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:56:57 `q006. How long does it take a rolling ball to travel 80 centimeters at an average rate of 16 centimeters per second?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> at a rate of 16 cm/sec to travel 80 cm: 80/16 = 5 , it will take 5 seconds to travel 80 cms.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
14:58:07 In the preceding three exercises you again expanded your concept of the idea of a rate. Explain how these problems illustrate the concept of a rate.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> given the rate, you can find how much time, for example, it will take to travel with that particular rate. Again, rate and time and distance is inter-related.
.................................................
ǔĊbÏ Student Name: assignment #001 001. Rates
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:24:19 `q001. You should copy and paste these instructions to a word processor for reference. However you can always view them, as well as everything else that has appeared in this box, by clicking the 'Display Everything' button. 1. For the next question or answer, you click on 'Next Question / Answer' button above the box at top left until a question has been posed. Once a question has been posed you are to answer before you click again on this button. 2. Before clicking for an answer, type your best answer to the current question into the box to the right, then clip on the 'Enter Answer' button. 3. After entering your answer you will click on 'Next Question / Answer' to view the answer to the question. Do not tamper with the information displayed in the left-hand box. 4. If your answer was incorrect, incomplete or would otherwise require revision, you will enter a self-critique. If you learned something from the answer, you need to restate it in your own words in order to reinforce your learning. If there is something you feel you should note for future reference, you should make a note in your own words. Go to the response box (the right-hand box) and type in a self-critique and/or notes, as appropriate. Do not copy and paste anything from the left-hand box, since that information will be saved in any case. 5. If you wish to save your response to your Notes file you may choose to click on the 'Save As Notes' button rather than the 'Enter Answer' button. Doing so will save your work for your future reference. Your work will be saved in a Notes file in the c:\vhmthphy folder. The title of the Notes file will also include the name you gave when you started the program. 6. After clicking either the 'Enter Response' or the 'Save as Notes' button, click on 'Next Question / Answer' and proceed in a similar manner. In the right-hand box briefly describe your understanding of these instructions, then click 'Enter Answer'.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:24:29 Your answer has been noted. Enter 'ok' in the Response Box and click on Enter Response, then click on Next Question/Answer for the first real question.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:25:52 `q002. Note that there are 10 questions in this assignment. The questions are of increasing difficulty--the first questions are fairly easy but later questions are very tricky. The main purposes of these exercises are to refine your thinking about rates, and to see how you process challenging information. Continue as far as you can until you are completely lost. Students who are prepared for the highest-level math courses might not ever get lost. If you make $50 in 5 hr, then at what rate are you earning money?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if i make 50 dollars in 5 hours. 50/510, each hour I will make 10 dollars an hour.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:27:12 The rate at which you are earning money is the number of dollars per hour you are earning. You are earning money at the rate of 50 dollars / (5 hours) = 10 dollars / hour. It is very likely that you immediately came up with the $10 / hour because almosteveryone is familiar with the concept of the pay rate, the number of dollars per hour. Note carefully that the pay rate is found by dividing the quantity earned by the time required to earn it. Time rates in general are found by dividing an accumulated quantity by the time required to accumulate it. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:27:54 `q003.If you make $60,000 per year then how much do you make per month?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if i make 60,000 a year there are 12 months in a year. hence each month i will make 60000/12 = 5,000 dollars a month.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:27:59 Most people will very quickly see that we need to divide $60,000 by 12 months, giving us 60,000 dollars / (12 months) = 5000 dollars / month. Note that again we have found a time rate, dividing the accumulated quantity by the time required to accumulate it. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:41:52 `q004. Suppose that the $60,000 is made in a year by a small business. Would be more appropriate to say that the business makes $5000 per month, or that the business makes an average of $5000 per month?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> An average of 5000 per month because it is not necessarily true that 5000 will be made each and every month. one month may be less and another month catches the prior month up.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:42:10 Small businesses do not usually make the same amount of money every month. The amount made depends on the demand for the services or commodities provided by the business, and there are often seasonal fluctuations in addition to other market fluctuations. It is almost certain that a small business making $60,000 per year will make more than $5000 in some months and less than $5000 in others. Therefore it is much more appropriate to say that the business makes and average of $5000 per month. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:48:36 `q005. If you travel 300 miles in 6 hours, at what average rate are you covering distance, and why do we say average rate instead of just plain rate?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if you travel 300 miles in 6 hours then you are going at a rate of 300/6 = 50 mph. We don't say just rate because one hour we might slightly go more or less then 50 mph and in another hour make that time up or slow down a bit even. But an overall rate if averaged is 50 mph.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
15:48:51 The average rate is 50 miles per hour, or 50 miles / hour. This is obtained by dividing the accumulated quantity, the 300 miles, by the time required to accumulate it, obtaining ave rate = 300 miles / ( 6 hours) = 50 miles / hour. Note that the rate at which distance is covered is called speed. The car has an average speed of 50 miles/hour. We say 'average rate' in this case because it is almost certain that slight changes in pressure on the accelerator, traffic conditions and other factors ensure that the speed will sometimes be greater than 50 miles/hour and sometimes less than 50 miles/hour; the 50 miles/hour we obtain from the given information is clearly and overall average of the velocities. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:00:03 `q006. If you use 60 gallons of gasoline on a 1200 mile trip, then at what average rate are you using gasoline, with respect to miles traveled?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> you are going 1200 miles and 60 gallons of gas so miles per gallon would be 1200/60 = 20 miles per gallon is the average rate.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:01:17 The rate of change of one quantity with respect to another is the change in the first quantity, divided by the change in the second. As in previous examples, we found the rate at which money was made with respect to time by dividing the amount of money made by the time required to make it. By analogy, the rate at which we use fuel with respect to miles traveled is the change in the amount of fuel divided by the number of miles traveled. In this case we use 60 gallons of fuel in 1200 miles, so the average rate it 60 gal / (1200 miles) = .05 gallons / mile. Note that this question didn't ask for miles per gallon. Miles per gallon is an appropriate and common calculation, but it measures the rate at which miles are covered with respect to the amount of fuel used. Be sure you see the difference. Note that in this problem we again have here an example of a rate, but unlike previous instances this rate is not calculated with respect to time. This rate is calculated with respect to the amount of fuel used. We divide the accumulated quantity, in this case miles, by the amount of fuel required to cover those miles. Note that again we call the result of this problem an average rate because there are always at least subtle differences in driving conditions that require the use of more fuel on some miles than on others. It's very important to understand the phrase 'with respect to'. Whether the calculation makes sense or not, it is defined by the order of the terms. In this case gallons / mile tells you how many gallons you are burning, on the average, per mile. This concept is not as familiar as miles / gallon, but except for familiarity it's technically no more difficult. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> did the opposite by accident. its is gallons per mile hence 60/1200 not 1200/60. for a result of .05 gallons/mile
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:04:07 `q007. The word 'average' generally connotes something like adding two quantities and dividing by 2, or adding several quantities and dividing by the number of quantities we added. Why is it that we are calculating average rates but we aren't adding anything?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Rates are correlated to time and distance. adding two amounts and divinding by 2 is the actual average of the two numbers not relating to rate at all.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:05:01 The word 'average' in the context of the dollars / month, miles / gallon types of questions we have been answering was used because we expect that in different months different amounts were earned, or that over different parts of the trip the gas mileage might have varied, but that if we knew all the individual quantities (e.g., the dollars earned each month, the number of gallons used with each mile) and averaged them in the usual manner, we would get the .05 gallons / mile, or the $5000 / month. In a sense we have already added up all the dollars earned in each month, or the miles traveled on each gallon, and we have obtained the total $60,000 or 1200 miles. Thus when we divide by the number of months or the number of gallons, we are in fact calculating an average rate. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> We are assuming that in a rate each month, hour, etc. different speeds or what not are being used. Not an exact number every hour.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:19:20 `q008. In a study of how lifting strength is influenced by various ways of training, a study group was divided into 2 subgroups of equally matched individuals. The first group did 10 pushups per day for a year and the second group did 50 pushups per day for year. At the end of the year to lifting strength of the first group averaged 147 pounds, while that of the second group averaged 162 pounds. At what average rate did lifting strength increase per daily pushup?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> for the first group:10*365 days = 3650 push ups 147 lbs. / 3650= .04 for the second group: 50*365 = 18250 push ups 162 lbs. /18250 = .009 (.009+.04)/2 = .025 as the average rate of lifting strength increases per daily pushup.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:20:27 The second group had 15 pounds more lifting strength as a result of doing 40 more daily pushups than the first. The desired rate is therefore 15 pounds / 40 pushups = .375 pounds / pushup. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> you jus saw the difference between the first and second group and calculated the desired rate.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:22:20 `q009. In another part of the study, participants all did 30 pushups per day, but one group did pushups with a 10-pound weight on their shoulders while the other used a 30-pound weight. At the end of the study, the first group had an average lifting strength of 171 pounds, while the second had an average lifting strength of 188 pounds. At what average rate did lifting strength increase with respect to the added shoulder weight?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> 20 xtra lbs. of weights and 17 lbs. extra lifting strenght. 17/20 = .85 average rate
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:22:29 The difference in lifting strength was 17 pounds, as a result of a 20 pound difference in added weight. The average rate at which strength increases with respect added weight would therefore be 17 lifting pounds / (20 added pounds) = .85 lifting pounds / added pound. The strength advantage was .85 lifting pounds per pound of added weight, on the average. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:25:58 `q010. During a race, a runner passes the 100-meter mark 12 seconds after the start and the 200-meter mark 22 seconds after the start. At what average rate was the runner covering distance between those two positions?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> 100 meter mark after 12 seconds 200 meter mark after 34 seconds 100 meters in 22 seconds. 100/22 = 4.55 meters per second.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:26:58 The runner traveled 100 meters between the two positions, and required 10 seconds to do so. The average rate at which the runner was covering distance was therefore 100 meters / (10 seconds) = 10 meters / second. Again this is an average rate; at different positions in his stride the runner would clearly be traveling at slightly different speeds. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> runner required 10 seconds for 100 meters. hence 10 meters/ second.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:35:22 `q011. During a race, a runner passes the 100-meter mark moving at 10 meters / second, and the 200-meter mark moving at 9 meters / second. What is your best estimate of how long it takes the runner to cover the 100 meter distance?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> 100 meters /10 m/sec = 10 seconds 200 meters/ 9m/sec = 22.2 seconds 10+22.2 /2 = 16.1 seconds to cover the 100 meter distance
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:38:03 At 10 meters/sec, the runner would require 10 seconds to travel 100 meters. However the runner seems to be slowing, and will therefore require more than 10 seconds to travel the 100 meters. We don't know what the runner's average speed is, we only know that it goes from 10 m/s to 9 m/s. The simplest estimate we could make would be that the average speed is the average of 10 m/s and 9 m/s, or (10 m/s + 9 m/s ) / 2 = 9.5 m/s. Taking this approximation as the average rate, the time required to travel 100 meters will be (100 meters) / (9.5 m/s) = 10.5 sec, approx.. Note that simply averaging the 10 m/s and the 9 m/s might not be the best way to approximate the average rate--for example we if we knew enough about the situation we might expect that this runner would maintain the 10 m/s for most of the remaining 100 meters, and simply tire during the last few seconds. However we were not given this information, and we don't add extraneous assumptions without good cause. So the approximation we used here is pretty close to the best we can do with the given information. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> you first find the average of the speeds not correlating it with the meters first. then determine the rate depending on the averaged m/sec
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:38:43 `q012. We just averaged two quantities, adding them in dividing by 2, to find an average rate. We didn't do that before. Why we do it now?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> both the quanitites were the same; meters per second, dealing with the same concept.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
16:39:24 In previous examples the quantities weren't rates. We were given the amount of change of some accumulating quantity, and the change in time or in some other quantity on which the first was dependent (e.g., dollars and months, miles and gallons). Here we are given 2 rates, 10 m/s and 9 m/s, in a situation where we need an average rate in order to answer a question. Within this context, averaging the 2 rates was an appropriate tactic. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> these were rates. hence we needed an average rate. so averaging the two rates works in this problem
.................................................
hYnnѪv^m Student Name: assignment #001 001. typewriter notation
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:12:53 `q001. Explain the difference between x - 2 / x + 4 and (x - 2) / (x + 4).
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> the first could be interpreted as x - (2/x) +4 or could be interpreted in another way. it is uncertain. the latter defines that (x-2) is divided by (x+4)
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:13:26 The order of operations dictates that grouped expressions must be evaluated first, that exponentiation must be done before multiplication or division, which must be done before addition or subtraction. It makes a big difference whether you subtract the 2 from the 2 or divide the -2 by 4 first. If there are no parentheses you have to divide before you subtract: 2 - 2 / 2 + 4 = 2 - 1 + 4 (do multiplications and divisions before additions and subtractions) = 5 (add and subtract in indicated order) If there are parentheses you evaluate the grouped expressions first: (x - 2) / (x - 4) = (2 - 2) / ( 4 - 2) = 0 / 2 = 0.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:16:30 `q002. Explain the difference between 2 ^ x + 4 and 2 ^ (x + 4). Then evaluate each expression for x = 2. Note that a ^ b means to raise a to the b power. This process is called exponentiation, and the ^ symbol is used on most calculators, and in most computer algebra systems, to represent exponentiation.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> the first shows 2^x and the latter shows 2^(x+4) resulting in different answers 2^x+4 = 2^2 +4 = 4+4= 16 2^ (x+4) = 2 ^ (2+4) = 2^6 = 64
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:17:07 2 ^ x + 4 indicates that you are to raise 2 to the x power before adding the 4. 2 ^ (x + 4) indicates that you are to first evaluate x + 4, then raise 2 to this power. If x = 2, then 2 ^ x + 4 = 2 ^ 2 + 4 = 2 * 2 + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8. and 2 ^ (x + 4) = 2 ^ (2 + 4) = 2 ^ 6 = 2*2*2*2*2*2 = 64.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> i added wrong 4+4 = 8 it is not 4*4 = 16
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:22:08 `q003. What is the numerator of the fraction in the expression x - 3 / [ (2x-5)^2 * 3x + 1 ] - 2 + 7x? What is the denominator? What do you get when you evaluate the expression for x = 2?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> the numerator seems to be x-3 and the denominator the rest of the expression (2-3) / [ (2*2-5)^2 * 3*2 +1 ] -2 +7*2 = -1 / (1* 6+1) -2 + 14 = -1 / 19
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:23:13 The numerator is 3. x isn't part of the fraction. / indicates division, which must always precede subtraction. Only the 3 is divided by [ (2x-5)^2 * 3x + 1 ] and only [ (2x-5)^2 * 3x + 1 ] divides 3. If we mean (x - 3) / [ (2x-5)^2 * 3x + 1 ] - 2 + 7x we have to write it that way. The preceding comments show that the denominator is [ (2x-5)^2 * 3x + 1 ] Evaluating the expression for x = 2: - 3 / [ (2 * 2 - 5)^2 * 3(2) + 1 ] - 2 + 7*2 = 2 - 3 / [ (4 - 5)^2 * 6 + 1 ] - 2 + 14 = evaluate in parenthese; do multiplications outside parentheses 2 - 3 / [ (-1)^2 * 6 + 1 ] -2 + 14 = add inside parentheses 2 - 3 / [ 1 * 6 + 1 ] - 2 + 14 = exponentiate in bracketed term; 2 - 3 / 7 - 2 + 14 = evaluate in brackets 13 4/7 or 95/7 or about 13.57 add and subtract in order. The details of the calculation 2 - 3 / 7 - 2 + 14: Since multiplication precedes addition or subtraction the 3/7 must be done first, making 3/7 a fraction. Changing the order of the terms we have 2 - 2 + 14 - 3 / 7 = 14 - 3/7 = 98/7 - 3/7 = 95/7.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> if there are no parentheses you cant assume that they are there. because it changes the entire problem and solution.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:25:54 `q004. Explain, step by step, how you evaluate the expression (x - 5) ^ 2x-1 + 3 / x-2 for x = 4.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> (4-5) ^ (2(4)-1) + 3/4 - 2 = 1 ^ 7 +.75 -2= 5.75
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:27:49 We get (4-5)^2 * 4 - 1 + 3 / 1 - 4 = (-1)^2 * 4 - 1 + 3 / 4 - 2 evaluating the term in parentheses = 1 * 4 - 1 + 3 / 4 - 2 exponentiating (2 is the exponent, which is applied to -1 rather than multiplying the 2 by 4 = 4 - 1 + 3/4 - 2 noting that 3/4 is a fraction and adding and subtracting in order we get = 1 3/4 = 7 /4 (Note that we could group the expression as 4 - 1 - 2 + 3/4 = 1 + 3/4 = 1 3/4 = 7/4). COMMON ERROR: (4 - 5) ^ 2*4 - 1 + 3 / 4 - 2 = -1 ^ 2*4 - 1 + 3 / 4-2 = -1 ^ 8 -1 + 3 / 4 - 2. INSTRUCTOR COMMENTS: There are two errors here. In the second step you can't multiply 2 * 4 because you have (-1)^2, which must be done first. Exponentiation precedes multiplication. Also it isn't quite correct to write -1^2*4 at the beginning of the second step. If you were supposed to multiply 2 * 4 the expression would be (-1)^(2 * 4). Note also that the -1 needs to be grouped because the entire expression (-1) is taken to the power. -1^8 would be -1 because you would raise 1 to the power 8 before applying the - sign, which is effectively a multiplication by -1.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok. i did the mistakes shown in instructor comments.
.................................................
{ϟ᪽~~Ѣ Student Name: assignment #002 002. Describing Graphs
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:37:39 `q001. You will frequently need to describe the graphs you have constructed in this course. This exercise is designed to get you used to some of the terminology we use to describe graphs. Please complete this exercise and email your work to the instructor. Problem 1. We make a table for y = 2x + 7 as follows: We construct two columns, and label the first column 'x' and the second 'y'. Put the numbers -3, -2, -1, -, 1, 2, 3 in the 'x' column. We substitute -3 into the expression and get y = 2(-3) + 7 = 1. We substitute -2 and get y = 2(-2) + 7 = 3. Substituting the remaining numbers we get y values 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13. These numbers go into the second column, each next to the x value from which it was obtained. We then graph these points on a set of x-y coordinate axes. Noting that these points lie on a straight line, we then construct the line through the points. Now make a table for and graph the function y = 3x - 4. Identify the intercepts of the graph, i.e., the points where the graph goes through the x and the y axes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> x axes: -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 y axes: -13 -10 -7 -4 -1 2 5 so (-3,-13) (-2,-10) (-1,-7) (0,-4) (1,-1) (2,2) (3.5)
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:40:11 The graph goes through the x axis when y = 0 and through the y axis when x = 0. The x-intercept is therefore when 0 = 3x - 4, so 4 = 3x and x = 4/3. The y-intercept is when y = 3 * 0 - 4 = -4. Thus the x intercept is at (4/3, 0) and the y intercept is at (0, -4). Your graph should confirm this.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:40:53 `q002. Does the steepness of the graph in the preceding exercise (of the function y = 3x - 4) change? If so describe how it changes.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> no the slope will depend on the intercepts.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:41:02 The graph forms a straight line with no change in steepness.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:41:44 `q003. What is the slope of the graph of the preceding two exercises (the function ia y = 3x - 4;slope is rise / run between two points of the graph)?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> 3x-4 = 3x = 4 x= 4/3 is the slope
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:42:29 Between any two points of the graph rise / run = 3. For example, when x = 2 we have y = 3 * 2 - 4 = 2 and when x = 8 we have y = 3 * 8 - 4 = 20. Between these points the rise is 20 - 2 = 18 and the run is 8 - 2 = 6 so the slope is rise / run = 18 / 6 = 3. Note that 3 is the coefficient of x in y = 3x - 4. Note the following for reference in subsequent problems: The graph of this function is a straight line. The graph increases as we move from left to right. We therefore say that the graph is increasing, and that it is increasing at constant rate because the steepness of a straight line doesn't change.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> the slope is the coeffienct not solving for x .
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:48:20 `q004. Make a table of y vs. x for y = x^2. Graph y = x^2 between x = 0 and x = 3. Would you say that the graph is increasing or decreasing? Does the steepness of the graph change and if so, how? Would you say that the graph is increasing at an increasing rate, increasing at a constant rate, increasing at a decreasing rate, decreasing at an decreasing rate, decreasing at a constant rate, or decreasing at a decreasing rate?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE -->
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
17:48:41 Graph points include (0,0), (1,1), (2,4) and (3,9). The y values are 0, 1, 4 and 9, which increase as we move from left to right. The increases between these points are 1, 3 and 5, so the graph not only increases, it increases at an increasing rate.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
18:27:05 `q005. Make a table of y vs. x for y = x^2. Graph y = x^2 between x = -3 and x = 0. Would you say that the graph is increasing or decreasing? Does the steepness of the graph change and if so, how? Would you say that the graph is increasing at an increasing rate, increasing at a constant rate, increasing at a decreasing rate, decreasing at an decreasing rate, decreasing at a constant rate, or decreasing at a decreasing rate?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE -->
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
18:27:12 From left to right the graph is decreasing (points (-3,9), (-2,4), (-1,1), (0,0) show y values 9, 4, 1, 0 as we move from left to right ). The magnitudes of the changes in x from 9 to 4 to 1 to 0 decrease, so the steepness is decreasing. Thus the graph is decreasing, but more and more slowly. We therefore say that the graph is decreasing at a decreasing rate.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
18:35:23 `q006. Make a table of y vs. x for y = `sqrt(x). [note: `sqrt(x) means 'the square root of x']. Graph y = `sqrt(x) between x = 0 and x = 3. Would you say that the graph is increasing or decreasing? Does the steepness of the graph change and if so, how? Would you say that the graph is increasing at an increasing rate, increasing at a constant rate, increasing at a decreasing rate, decreasing at an decreasing rate, decreasing at a constant rate, or decreasing at a decreasing rate?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE -->
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
18:36:23 If you use x values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 you will obtain graph points (0,0), (1,1), (2,1.414), (3. 1.732), (4,2). The y value changes by less and less for every succeeding x value. Thus the steepness of the graph is decreasing. The graph would be increasing at a decreasing rate.{}{} If the graph respresents the profile of a hill, the hill starts out very steep but gets easier and easier to climb. You are still climbing but you go up by less with each step, so the rate of increase is decreasing. {}{}If your graph doesn't look like this then you probably are not using a consistent scale for at least one of the axes. If your graph isn't as desribed take another look at your plot and make a note in your response indicating any difficulties.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
18:51:05 `q007. Make a table of y vs. x for y = 5 * 2^(-x). Graph y = 5 * 2^(-x) between x = 0 and x = 3. Would you say that the graph is increasing or decreasing? Does the steepness of the graph change and if so, how? Would you say that the graph is increasing at an increasing rate, increasing at a constant rate, increasing at a decreasing rate, decreasing at an decreasing rate, decreasing at a constant rate, or decreasing at a decreasing rate?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> graph points (0,0), (1,1), (2,1.414), (3. 1.732), (4,2). y is decreasing with every x so steepness is decreasing.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
18:54:53 ** From basic algebra recall that a^(-b) = 1 / (a^b). So, for example: 2^-2 = 1 / (2^2) = 1/4, so 5 * 2^-2 = 5 * 1/4 = 5/4. 5* 2^-3 = 5 * (1 / 2^3) = 5 * 1/8 = 5/8. Etc. The decimal equivalents of the values for x = 0 to x = 3 will be 5, 2.5, 1.25, .625. These values decrease, but by less and less each time. The graph is therefore decreasing at a decreasing rate. **
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> Enter, as appropriate, an answer to the question, a critique of your answer in response to a given answer, your insights regarding the situation at this point, notes to yourself, or just an OK. ok
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
19:05:50 `q008. Suppose you stand still in front of a driveway. A car starts out next to you and moves away from you, traveling faster and faster. If y represents the distance from you to the car and t represents the time in seconds since the car started out, would a graph of y vs. t be increasing or decreasing? Would you say that the graph is increasing at an increasing rate, increasing at a constant rate, increasing at a decreasing rate, decreasing at an decreasing rate, decreasing at a constant rate, or decreasing at a decreasing rate?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> graph of y vs t woudl be increasing. i think it would be increasing at an increasing rate because the car that was nxt to me is is moving away from me faster and faster hence increasing and increasing.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
19:05:51 `q008. Suppose you stand still in front of a driveway. A car starts out next to you and moves away from you, traveling faster and faster. If y represents the distance from you to the car and t represents the time in seconds since the car started out, would a graph of y vs. t be increasing or decreasing? Would you say that the graph is increasing at an increasing rate, increasing at a constant rate, increasing at a decreasing rate, decreasing at an decreasing rate, decreasing at a constant rate, or decreasing at a decreasing rate?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE -->
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
19:06:04 ** The speed of the car increases so it goes further each second. On a graph of distance vs. clock time there would be a greater change in distance with each second, which would cause a greater slope with each subsequent second. The graph would therefore be increasing at an increasing rate. **
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
ʂy Student Name: assignment #005 005. Calculus
......!!!!!!!!...................................
19:47:04 `q001. The graph of a certain function is a smooth curve passing through the points (3, 5), (7, 17) and (10, 29). Between which two points do you think the graph is steeper, on the average? Why do we say 'on the average'?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> from points (7.17) to (10,29) : steepness is around .25 on average because a curve cant have exact numbers it is a curve not a line.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
19:47:36 Slope = rise / run. Between points (7, 17) and (10, 29) we get rise / run = (29 - 17) / (10 - 7) =12 / 3 = 4. The slope between points (3, 5) and (7, 17) is 3 / 1. (17 - 5) / (7 -3) = 12 / 4 = 3. The segment with slope 4 is the steeper. The graph being a smooth curve, slopes may vary from point to point. The slope obtained over the interval is a specific type of average of the slopes of all points between the endpoints.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok it is rise over run not run over rise.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
20:06:03 2. Answer without using a calculator: As x takes the values 2.1, 2.01, 2.001 and 2.0001, what values are taken by the expression 1 / (x - 2)? 1. As the process continues, with x getting closer and closer to 2, what happens to the values of 1 / (x-2)? 2. Will the value ever exceed a billion? Will it ever exceed one trillion billions? 3. Will it ever exceed the number of particles in the known universe? 4. Is there any number it will never exceed? 5. What does the graph of y = 1 / (x-2) look like in the vicinity of x = 2?
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> the values taken are increasing 10, 100, 1000, 10000. yes i think it willl exceed to great lengths possible even the number of particles in the known universe. numbers go on till infinity so i dont think a number will ever exceed.
.................................................
......!!!!!!!!...................................
20:06:21 For x = 2.1, 2.01, 2.001, 2.0001 we see that x -2 = .1, .01, .001, .0001. Thus 1/(x -2) takes respective values 10, 100, 1000, 10,000. It is important to note that x is changing by smaller and smaller increments as it approaches 2, while the value of the function is changing by greater and greater amounts. As x gets closer in closer to 2, it will reach the values 2.00001, 2.0000001, etc.. Since we can put as many zeros as we want in .000...001 the reciprocal 100...000 can be as large as we desire. Given any number, we can exceed it. Note that the function is simply not defined for x = 2. We cannot divide 1 by 0 (try counting to 1 by 0's..You never get anywhere. It can't be done. You can count to 1 by .1's--.1, .2, .3, ..., .9, 1. You get 10. You can do similar thing for .01, .001, etc., but you just can't do it for 0). As x approaches 2 the graph approaches the vertical line x = 2; the graph itself is never vertical. That is, the graph will have a vertical asymptote at the line x = 2. As x approaches 2, therefore, 1 / (x-2) will exceed all bounds. Note that if x approaches 2 through the values 1.9, 1.99, ..., the function gives us -10, -100, etc.. So we can see that on one side of x = 2 the graph will approach +infinity, on the other it will be negative and approach -infinity.
......!!!!!!!!...................................
RESPONSE --> ok
.................................................
"