#$&* course Mth 151
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Given Solution: `a**Z' = {a,g}, the set of all elements of the universal set not in Z. Y ^ Z' = {a}, since a is the only element common to both Y and Z'. So (Y ^ Z') U X = {a, c, e, g}, the set of all elements which lie in at least one of the sets (Y ^ Z') U X. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): n/a ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating:3 ********************************************* Question: `qGive the intersection of the two sets Y and Z' YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: That would be {a}. It is the only letter that is present within both sets. confidence rating #$&*: 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a**Z' = {a,g}, the set of all elements of the universal set not in Z. Y ^ Z' = {a}, since a is the only element common to both Y and Z'.** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): N/A ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating:3 ********************************************* Question: `qQuery 2.3.32 (formerly 2.3.30). This was not assigned, but you answered a series of similar questions and should be able to give a reasonable answer to this one: Describe in words (A ^ B' ) U (B ^ A') YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: (A ^ B' ) means all of the elements in A and not in B (B ^ A') means all of elements in B and not in A confidence rating #$&*: 2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** a description, not using a lot of set-theoretic terms, of (A ^ B' ) U (B ^ A') would be, all the elements that are in A and not in B, or that are not in A and are in B Or you might want to say something like 'elements which are in A but not B OR which are in B but not A'. STUDENT SOLUTION WITH INSTRUCTOR COMMENT:everything that is in set A and not in set B or everything that is in set B and is not in set A. INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: I'd avoid the use of 'everything' unless the word is necessary to the description. Otherwise it's likely to be misleading. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I stated ‘All elements in ___” is this considered everything??? The suggested stating sounds more clear. ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating:3
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Given Solution: `a** This conclusion is contradicted by many examples, including the one of the dark-haired and bright-eyed people in the q_a_. Basically n(A U B) isn't equal to n(A) + n(B) if there are some elements which are in both sets--i.e., in the intersection. } MORE DETAIL: The statement can be either true or false, depending on the sets A and B; it is not always true. The statement n(A U B) = n(A)+n(B) means that the number of elements in A U B is equal to the sum of the number of elements in A and the number of elements in B. The statement would be true for A = { c, f } and B = { a, g, h} because A U B would be { a, c, f, g, h} so n(A U B) = 5, and n(A) + n(B) = 2 + 3 = 5. The statement would not be true for A = { c, f, g } and B = { a, g, h} because A U B would be the same as before so n(AUB) = 5, while n(A) + n(B) = 3 + 3 = 6. The precise condition for which the statement is true is that A and B have nothing in common. In that case n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B). A more precise mathematical way to state this is to say that n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) if and only if the intersection A ^ B of the two sets is empty. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I got this wrong. This statement makes this clearer. Order of operations does not matter in this. I should have considered them as a normal element and that some does not exist in each ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating: ********************************************* Question: `qQuery 2.3.60 X = {1,3,5}, Y = {1,2,3}. Find (X ^ Y)' and X' U Y'. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: X’={2,4} Y’={4,5} Only showing this for work purposes. (X ^ Y)' = {2, 4, 5} X' U Y' = {2, 4, 5} confidence rating #$&*: 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** X ^ Y = {1,3} so (X ^ Y) ' = {1,3}' = {2, 4, 5}. (X ' U Y ' ) = {2, 4} U {4, 5} = {2, 4, 5} The two resulting sets are equal so a reasonable conjecture would be that (X ^ Y)' = X' U Y'. ** STUDENT QUESTION: Where did the 4 come from? INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE: I believe this problem, as stated in the text, indicates that the universal set is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): n/a ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating:3 ********************************************* Question: `q2.3.72 A = {3,6,9,12}, B = {6,8}. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: A X B and B X A A X B = (3,6), (3 ,8 ), (6 ,6 ), (6 ,8 ), (9 ,6 ), (9 ,8 ), (12 ,6 ), (12 ,8 ) B X A = (6 ,3 ), (6 ,6 ), (6 ,9 ), (6 ,12 ), (8 ,3 ), (8 ,6 ), (8 ,9 ), (8 ,12 ) confidence rating #$&*: 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** (A X B) = {(3,6),(3,8),(6,6),(6,8),(9,6),(9,8),(12,6), (12,8)} (B X A) = (6,3),(6,6),(6,9),(6,12),(8,3),(8,6),(8,9),(8,12)} How is n(A x B) related to n(A) and n(B)? n(S) stands for the number of elements in the set S, i.e., its cardinality. n(A x B) = n(A) * n(B) ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary):n/a ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating:3 ********************************************* Question: `q2.3.84 Shade A U B YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: this would be a square representing the universe. It would include two circles that [Circle A and Circle B] where A and B overlap in the middle of each other. The shaded part would be ALL of Circle A and ALL of Circle B [this would include the overlapping sections as well] confidence rating #$&*: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** everything in A and everything in B would be shaded. The rest of the universal set (the region outside A and B but still in the rectangle) wouldn't be. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary):n/a ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating:3 ********************************************* Question: `qQuery 2.3.100 Shade (A' ^ B) ^ C YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: This would include a rectangle to represent the universe. In this rectangle: Circle A , Circle B, and Circle C all exist inside this universe and they all overlap. [this would mean: A/B* A/C* B/A* all overlap and A/B/C all overlap in the middle. The * signifies they reverse like A/B and B/A]. The shaded section would be the overlapping part that includes ONLY B/C area. confidence rating #$&*: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** you would have to shade every region that lies outside of A and also inside B and also inside C. This would be the single region in the overlap of B and C but not including any part of A. Another way to put it: the region common to B and C, but not including any of A ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): n/a ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating:3 ********************************************* Question: `qQuery 2.3.108. Describe the shading of the set (A ^ B)' U C. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: This would include a rectangle to represent the universe. In this rectangle: Circle A , Circle B, and Circle C all exist inside this universe and they all overlap. [this would mean: A/B* A/C* B/A* all overlap and A/B/C all overlap in the middle. The * signifies they reverse like A/B and B/A]. The shaded section would be the overlapping part that includes ONLY Circle A, Circle B, and Circle C. This mean none of the overlapping would be shaded at all confidence rating #$&*: 2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** All of C would be shaded because we have a union with C, which will include all of C. Every region outside A ^ B would also be shaded. A ^ B is the 'overlap' region where A and B meet, and only this 'overlap' would not be part of (A ^ B) '. The 'large' parts of A and B, as well as everything outside of A and B, would therefore be shaded. Combining this with the shading of C the only the part of the diagram not shaded would be that part of the 'overlap' of A and B which is not part of C. ** STUDENT QUESTION I think I understand because the ‘ was outside the ( ) then only the answer to A^B would be prime. And so my answer is wrong to the extent that the larger regions of A &B would also be shaded, but had it been (AUB)’ no part of either A or B would have been Shaded? INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE Exactly. Very good question, which you answered very well. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I believe I got this question right. However, I am not exactly sure….??? ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique Rating: ********************************************* Question: `q2.3.114 Largest area of A shaded (sets A,B,C). Write a description using A, B, C, subset, union, intersection symbols, ', - for the shaded region. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: (B’ U C’)^A confidence rating #$&*: 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** Student Answer and Instructor Response: (B'^C')^A Instructor Response: Good. Another alternative would be A - (B U C ), and others are mentioned below. COMMON ERROR: A ^ (B' U C') INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: This is close but A ^ (B' U C') would contain all of B ^ C, including a part that's not shaded. A ^ (B U C)' would be one correct answer. ** N/A 3 " Self-critique (if necessary): ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating: ********************************************* Question: `q2.3.114 Largest area of A shaded (sets A,B,C). Write a description using A, B, C, subset, union, intersection symbols, ', - for the shaded region. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: (B’ U C’)^A confidence rating #$&*: 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: `a** Student Answer and Instructor Response: (B'^C')^A Instructor Response: Good. Another alternative would be A - (B U C ), and others are mentioned below. COMMON ERROR: A ^ (B' U C') INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: This is close but A ^ (B' U C') would contain all of B ^ C, including a part that's not shaded. A ^ (B U C)' would be one correct answer. ** N/A 3 " Self-critique (if necessary): ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating: #*&!