Query_07

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course Mth 164

2/18 9:51

**** Query problem 6.6.12 cot(2`theta/3) = -`sqrt(3)
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Your solution:

cot(2`theta/3) = -`sqrt(3)

2`theta/3 = 5pi/6 or 11pi/6

theta = 5pi/6 * 3/2 or 11pi/6 * 3/2`

theta = 5pi/4 or 11pi/4

confidence rating #$&*:2

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Given Solution:

The cotangent function takes value -sqrt(3) when its argument is 5 pi / 6 or 11 pi / 6, as can easily be seen using a labeled unit circle and the definition of the cotangent.

If the argument of the function is coterminal with 5 pi / 6 or 11 pi / 6 we obtain the same value for the cotangent.

So the possible arguments are 5 pi / 6 + 2 pi n or 11 pi / 6 + 2 pi n, where n can be any integer.

The student solution given below is correct for arguments 5 pi / 6 and 11 pi / 6, but does not address possible coterminal arguments.

2`theta/3 = 5pi/6 or 11pi/6`theta = 5pi/6 * 3/2 or 11pi/6 * 3/2`theta = 5pi/4 or 11pi/4
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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique Rating:

**** List all the possible values of 2 `theta / 3 such that the equation is satisfied (the list is infinite; use the ellipsis ... to indicate the continuation of a pattern)......!!!!!!!!...................................


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Your solution:

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

n = 0

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 0 * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3theta = 5pi/4

theta = 15 pi / 8

n = 1

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 1 * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3theta + pi = 5pi/4

theta = 27 pi / 8

n = 2

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 2 * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 2 pi = 5 pi / 4

theta = 39 pi / 8

n = 3

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 3 * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 3pi = 5 pi / 4

theta = 51 pi / 8

n = 4

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 4 * pi = 5 pi / 4

theta = 63 pi / 8

n = 5

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 5 * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 5pi = 5 pi / 4

theta = 75 pi / 8

n = 6

2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 6* pi = 5 pi / 4

2/3 theta + 6pi = 5 pi / 4

theta = 87 pi / 8

confidence rating #$&*:2

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Given Solution:

The cotangent function is periodic with period pi. Thus if any integer multiple of pi is added to 2`theta/3, we still have a solution.

So our solutions have the form 2/3 theta + n * pi = 5 pi / 4, where n can be any integer.

We can subtract the n * pi from both sides to get

2/3 theta = 5 pi / 4 - n * pi.

Noting that n can be a positive or negative integer, we get all the same solutions if we change the sign of n, so that our solutions could be written

2/3 theta = 5 pi / 4 + n * pi.

For example, when n = 2 we would get the equation

2/3 theta = 5 pi / 4 + 2 * pi

Writing the right-hand side with common denominator 4 we have

2/3 theta = 5 pi / 4 + 8 pi / 4 = 13 pi / 4

so that

theta = 3/2 * 13 pi / 4 = 39 pi / 8.

We could individually substitute values 0, 1, 2, 3, ... for n, and would obtain the following solutions:

For n = 0, theta = 15 pi / 8.

For n = 1, theta = 27 pi / 8.

For n = 2, theta = 39 pi / 8.

For n = 3, theta = 51 pi / 8.

For n = 4, theta = 63 pi / 8.

For n = 5, theta = 75 pi / 8.

For n = 6, theta = 87 pi / 8.

Alternatively we could solve the equation

2/3 theta = 5 pi / 4 + n * pi

for theta, obtaining

theta = 3/2 ( 5 pi / 4 + n pi) = 3/2 ( 5 pi / 4 + 4 n pi / 4) = 3/2 (5 + 4 n) * pi / 4 = (15 + 12 n pi) / 8.

and substitute n values 0, 1, 2, 3, ... .

We would obtain the same values of theta as before.
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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique Rating:

**** How many of these values result in `theta values between 0 and 2 `pi?......!!!!!!!!...................................23:59:12

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Your solution:

There is only two value that gives use a value between 0 and 2pi and they are -1 and 0.

confidence rating #$&*:2

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Given Solution:

From preceding calculations, we see that n = 0 yields theta = 15 pi / 8, which is less than 2 pi. It is also clear from preceding results that no positive value of n gives us a solution between 0 and 2 pi.

We could begin finding solutions for negative values of n, and if so we would quickly see that n = -1 gives us a solution between 0 and 2 pi, but no other negative value of n does so.

A more powerful method, for which we would be grateful if there were a large number of such solutions, is as follows:

We know from before that our solutions are of the form

theta = (15 + 12 n) pi / 8, for integer values of n.

0 <= theta < 2 pi means

0 <= (15 + 12 n ) pi / 8 < 2 pi.

Multiplying all expressions by 8 we get

0 <= (15 + 12 n) pi < 16 pi.

Dividing both sides by pi we have

0 <= 15 + 12 n < 16 so that

-15 <= 12 n < 1 and

-5/4 < n < 1/12.

So n is an integer between -5/4 and 1/12.

The only integers that satisfy this are -1 and 0.

So n = -1 and n = 0 give us values of theta between 0 and 2 pi.

These values are found by substituting 0 and -1 into our solution for theta, obtaining

theta = 15 pi / 8 (for n = 0) and

theta = 3 pi / 8 ( for n = -1).

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Self-critique (if necessary):

theta = (15 + 12 n) pi / 8, for integer values of n

0 <= theta < 2 pi means

0 <= (15 + 12 n ) pi / 8 < 2 pi.

0 <= (15 + 12 n) pi < 16 pi

0 <= 15 + 12 n < 16 so that

-15 <= 12 n < 1 and

-5/4 < n < 1/12

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Self-critique Rating:2

**** Query problem 6.6.44 solve sin^2(`theta) = 2 cos(`theta) + 2......!!!!!!!!...................................14:41:12


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Your solution:

sin^2(`theta) = 2 cos(`theta) + 2

1 - cos^2(theta) = 2cos(theta) + 2

1 - 2cos(theta) -cos^2(theta) = 0

(1+cos(theta))^2 = 0

1+cos(theta) = 0

cos(theta) = -1 answer

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

** Since sin^2(`theta) = 1 - cos^2(`theta) we have 
1 - cos^2(`theta) = 2 cos(`theta) + 2. This equation is a quadratic equation in cos(`theta). To see this rearrange the equation to get
cos^2(`theta) + 2 cos(`theta) + 1 = 0. Now let u = cos(`theta). You get
u^2 + 2 u + 1 = 0. This is a quadratic equation with solution u = -1.
Thus our solution is u = -1, meaning cos(`theta) = -1, so `theta = -pi + 2 `pi k, for any integer k. **.........................................
14:43:04......!!!!!!!!...................................


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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique Rating:

**** Query problem 6.6.66 19x + 8 cos(x) = 0


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Your solution:

19x + 8 cos(x) = 0


confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

19x+8cos(x)=2 by putting 19x+8 cos(x) in as y sub1 and 2 as y sub 2 we can trace and find that the closest value for x is approximately (.30)..........................................


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Self-critique (if necessary):

What should I have done for this problem solve for X?

@&

You can't get a closed-form solution, but you can graph y = 8 cos(x) and y = -19 x and use the graph to estimate the value of x where the two are equal.

You should be able to construct the graphs of the two functions and make a reasonble estimate.

If you have constructed these graphs you should be able to understand the following:

8 cos(x) goes from 0 to 8 as x goes from -pi/2 to 0. -pi/2 is about -1.57.

-19 x = 8 when x = -8/19, or about -.42.

So the graph of -19 x is higher than the highest value of cos(x) before we get much more than 1/4 of the way from x = 0 to x = -pi/2.

It's easy then to conclude that the graphs cross a little ways before we get to x = -.42, as we move to the left from the y axis.

Using computer algebra software we can refine the result to any number of significant figures. To three significant figures the solution is x = -.390

*@

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Self-critique Rating:

**** Query problem 6.6.66 19x + 8 cos(x) = 0


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Your solution:

19x + 8 cos(x) = 0


confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

19x+8cos(x)=2 by putting 19x+8 cos(x) in as y sub1 and 2 as y sub 2 we can trace and find that the closest value for x is approximately (.30)..........................................


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Self-critique (if necessary):

What should I have done for this problem solve for X?

@&

You can't get a closed-form solution, but you can graph y = 8 cos(x) and y = -19 x and use the graph to estimate the value of x where the two are equal.

You should be able to construct the graphs of the two functions and make a reasonble estimate.

If you have constructed these graphs you should be able to understand the following:

8 cos(x) goes from 0 to 8 as x goes from -pi/2 to 0. -pi/2 is about -1.57.

-19 x = 8 when x = -8/19, or about -.42.

So the graph of -19 x is higher than the highest value of cos(x) before we get much more than 1/4 of the way from x = 0 to x = -pi/2.

It's easy then to conclude that the graphs cross a little ways before we get to x = -.42, as we move to the left from the y axis.

Using computer algebra software we can refine the result to any number of significant figures. To three significant figures the solution is x = -.390

*@

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Self-critique Rating:

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&#Good responses. See my notes and let me know if you have questions. &#