query_13

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course Mth 164

If your solution to stated problem does not match the given solution, you should self-critique per instructions at

http://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/geninfo/labrynth_created_fall_05/levl1_22/levl2_81/file3_259.htm

.

Your solution, attempt at solution. If you are unable to attempt a solution, give a phrase-by-phrase interpretation of the problem along with a statement of what you do or do not understand about it. This response should be given, based on the work you did in completing the assignment, before you look at the given solution.

SOLUTIONS/COMMENTARY ON QUERY 13

Asst # 13

04-01-2002

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20:43:50

20:43:55

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**** Query problem 9.4.12 graph of hyperbola with vertices at (-4,0) and (4,0), asymptote y = 2x **** Give the equation of the specified hyperbola.

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Your solution:

x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 = 1

x^2 / 16 - y^2 / 64 = 1

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

** The equation of a hyperbola centered at the origin is

x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 = 1,

where (a, 0) and (-a, 0) are the vertices and y = +-b / a * x are the asymptotes.

In the present case we have a = 4 and y = 2 x is an asymptote.

It follows that b / a = 2 so that b = 2 a = 2 * 4 = 8.

Thus the equation is

x^2 / 4^2 - y^2 / 8^2 = 1 or

x^2 / 16 - y^2 / 64 = 1. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique Rating:

Explain how you know whether the equation is x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 = 1, x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 = 1 or -x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 = 1.

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13:18:39

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Your solution:

With the point being at (4,0) the equation -x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 = 1 would make the first part negative and the back part positive and it wouldn’t match.

x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 = 1 equation just makes the most sense because when mentally graphing it, it match’s up with what we are looking for.

confidence rating #$&*:2

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Given Solution:

** The point (4, 0) wouldn't make sense in an equation of the form -x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 = 1, since for this point -x^2 / a^2 would be negative and y^2 / b^2 would be positive, making the left-hand side negative while the right-hand side is 1.

For large x and y the value of x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 would be large and couldn't be equal to 1.

The form x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 = 1 makes sense for (4, 0) and also for large x and y, since the difference x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 could indeed equal 1 even for large x and y. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

For large x and y the value of x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 would be large and couldn't be equal to 1.

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Self-critique Rating:3

**** Query problem 9.4.26 graph of hyperbola defined by rectangle of width 4, centered at the origin, lines y = + - 2x passing through diagonals, opening right and left. **** Give the equation of the specified hyperbola.

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Your solution:

x^2 / 2^2 - y^2 / 4^2 = 1 or

x^2 / 4 - y^2 / 16 = 1.

confidence rating #$&*:2

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Given Solution:

** The width of the rectangle is 4 so its vertical sides are at x = -2 and x = 2.

Since the parabola opens to the right the vertices are on the right and left sides of the rectangle, at (-2, 0) and (2, 0).

The lines y = +- 2 x are the asymptotes.

The form of the equation is x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 = 1, with vertices (a, 0) and (-a, 0) and asymptotes y = +- b / a * x.

It follows that a = 2 (vertices at (-a,0) and (a,0)) and b / a = 2 (since y = +-2 x = +- b / a * x).

We get b = 2 a = 2 * 2 = 4 so the equation is

x^2 / 2^2 - y^2 / 4^2 = 1 or

x^2 / 4 - y^2 / 16 = 1. **

20:59:30

20:59:40

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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**** Query problem 9.6.6 conic defined by a r = 6 / (8 + 2 sin(`theta)). **** What conic is defined by the given polar equation?

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21:00:25

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Your solution:

r = 6 / (8 + 2 sin(`theta)) is and ellipse.

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

Since e < 1 the conic is an elipse.

** Good. For reference two derivations are included below: **

** Derivation of forms of a conic:

If the directrix D oriented perpendicular to the polar axis lies at distance p in the negative direction from that axis, then the distance from point P = (r, `theta) to the directrix will be measured in the direction parallel to the polar axis. r cos(`theta) is the displacement of P with respect to the polar axis do this distance is

dist(D,P) = r cos(`theta) + p.

If the focus is at the pole then dist(F,P) = distance from pole to P = r.

The ratio of the latter distance to the former is the eccentricity so we have:

r / [ r cos(`theta) + p ] = e

r = e r cos(`theta) + e p

r - e r cos(`theta) = e p

r = e p / (1 - e cos(`theta) ).

For directrix p units above pole parallel to polar axis we have for point P

dist(D, P) = r sin(`theta) - p

dist(F, P) = r so

r / [ r sin(`theta) - p ] = e

r = e r sin(`theta) - e p

etc.

r = e p / (e r sin`theta - 1) **

** We can convert to rectangular coordinates. We can rearrange the equation to get

8 r + 2 r sin(`theta) = 6. Since r sin(`theta) = y and r = `sqrt(x^2+y^2) we have

8 `sqrt(x^2+y^2) + 2 y = 6. Getting the `sqrt on one side we have

`sqrt(x^2 + y^2) = (6-2y)/8. Squaring both sides we have

x^2 + y^2 = (36 - 24 y + 4y^2) / 64 so that

64 x^2 + 60 y^2 + 24 y = 36.

If we complete the square on y we do end up with a positive number on the right-hand side, so we indeed have an ellipse. **

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21:00:26

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique Rating:

**** How do you know that the conic is the one you indicated?

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21:02:19

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Your solution:

After dividing the numerator and denominator by 8 you get a number less than 1 which lets you know that you got the right one.

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

STUDENT SOLUTION: After dividing both numerator and denominator by 8, I get r = (3/4) / (1+ 1/4sin('theta)) so I know that e = 1/4 which is less than 1. This results in an elipse.

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21:02:20

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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**** What is the position of the directrix, if one exists?

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21:03:05

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Your solution:

The directrix is parallel to the polar axis and is 3 units above it.

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

STUDENT ANSWER: The directrix is parallel to the polar axis at a distance of p = 3 above the pole.

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21:03:06

21:03:13

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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**** Query problem 9.6.16 identify and graph r(2-cos(`theta)) = 2. **** Describe in detail the graph you obtain from the given equation.

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21:07:33

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Your solution:

The equation is an ellipse.

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

The conic is an ellipse with e = 1/2.

** Good.

The equation rearranges to give you r = 2 / (2 - cos(`theta) );

dividing numerator and denominator by 2 you get r = 1 / (1 - 1/2 cos(`theta) ).

So e = 1/2 and since ep = 1/2 p = 1 we have p = 2. **

We can check for plausibility: for theta values 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2 the r values are respectively 2, 1, 2/3 and 1, so the points in polar coordinates are

(2, 0 radians), (1, pi/2 radians), (2/3, pi radians) and (1, 3 pi/2 radians).

These points are easily graphed, and are thus seen to correspond to (x, y) coordinates (2, 0), (0, 1), (-2/3, 0) and (0, -1).

These points could not lie on a parabola; they are clearly compatible with an ellipse.

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21:07:34

21:07:38

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Self-critique (if necessary):

ellipse with e = 1/2.

Also the points dot match up to a parabola.

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Self-critique Rating:3

**** Query problem 9.6.28 convert to rectangular coordinates r(2-cos(`theta)) = 2. **** What is the rectangular coordinate form of the given equation, and how did you obtained it a?

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21:12:21

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Your solution:

r ( 2- cos ('theta)) = 2

2r = 2 + r cos('theta)

4r^2 = ( 2 + r cos('theta))^2

4 (x^2 + y^2) = (2 + x)^2

4x^2 + 4y^2 = x^2 + 4x +4

4y^2 = -3x^2 + 4x +4

3 x^2 + 4 y^2 - 4 x - 4 = 0

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

r ( 2- cos ('theta)) = 2

2r - r cos('theta) = 2 distribute the r

2r = 2 + r cos('theta) rearrange

4r^2 = ( 2 + r cos('theta))^2 square both sides

4 (x^2 + y^2) = (2 + x)^2 use transformations

4x^2 + 4y^2 = x^2 + 4x +4 distribute

4y^2 = -3x^2 + 4x +4 isolate the y

** Keeping the equation in the standard rectangular form of a conic we have

3 x^2 + 4 y^2 - 4 x - 4 = 0.

From this form it should evident that completing the square on x will give you the standard equation of an ellipse. **

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&#Your work looks good. Let me know if you have any questions. &#