Query Assignment 17

course Mth 163

zUڷ{⵽pfpassignment #017

017. `query 17

Precalculus I

03-22-2008

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10:52:19

** The table for y vs. t is

t y

0 0

1 2

2 8

3 18

The table for sqrtIy) vs t, with sqrt(y) give to 2 significant figures, is

t sqrt(y)

0 0

1 1.4

2 2.8

3 4.2 **

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RESPONSE -->

The table for y vs. t is

t y

0 0

1 2

2 8

3 18

The table for sqrtIy) vs t, with sqrt(y) give to 2 significant figures, is

t sqrt(y)

0 0

1 1.4

2 2.8

3 4.2

self critique assessment: 3

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10:52:36

The sqrt(y) sequence is 0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2. The first-difference sequence is 1.4, 1.4, 1.4, which is constant and nonzero.

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RESPONSE -->

The sqrt(y) sequence is 0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2. The first-difference sequence is 1.4, 1.4, 1.4, which is constant and nonzero

confidence assessment: 3

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10:52:51

** The points (t, sqrt(y) ) are (0,0), (1, 1.4), (2, 2.8), (3, 4.2). These points are fit by a straight line thru the origin with slope 1.4, so the equation of the line is sqrty) = 1.4 t + 0, or just sqrt(y) = 1.4 t. **

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RESPONSE -->

The points (t, sqrt(y) ) are (0,0), (1, 1.4), (2, 2.8), (3, 4.2). These points are fit by a straight line thru the origin with slope 1.4, so the equation of the line is sqrty) = 1.4 t + 0, or just sqrt(y) = 1.4 t.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:53:07

** Squaring both sides of sqrt(y) = 1.4 t we get y = 1.96 t^2.

The original function was y = 2 t^2.

Our values for the sqrt(y) function were accurate to only 2 significant figures. To 2 significant figures 1.96 would round off to 2, so the two functions are identical to 2 significant figures. *&*&

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RESPONSE -->

Squaring both sides of sqrt(y) = 1.4 t we get y = 1.96 t^2.

The original function was y = 2 t^2.

Our values for the sqrt(y) function were accurate to only 2 significant figures. To 2 significant figures 1.96 would round off to 2, so the two functions are identical to 2 significant figures

self critique assessment: 3

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10:53:41

** A table for the function is

t y = 7 ( 3^t)

0 7

1 21

2 63

3 189

The table for log(y) vs. t is

t log(7 ( 3^t))

0 0..85

1 1.32

2 1.80

3 2.28/

Sequence analysis on the log(7 * 3^t) values:

sequence 0.85 1.32 1.80 2.28

1st diff .47 .48 .48

The first difference appears constant with value about .473.

log(y) is a linear function of t with slope .473 and vertical intercept .85.

We therefore have log(y) = .473 t + .85. Thus

10^(log y) = 10^(.473 t + .85) so that

y = 10^(.473 t) * 10^(.85) or

y = (10^.473)^t * (10^.85), which evaluating the power of 10 with calculator gives us

y = 2.97^t * 7.08.

To 2 significant figures this is the same as the original function y = 3 * 7^t. **

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RESPONSE -->

A table for the function is

t y = 7 ( 3^t)

0 7

1 21

2 63

3 189

The table for log(y) vs. t is

t log(7 ( 3^t))

0 0..85

1 1.32

2 1.80

3 2.28/

Sequence analysis on the log(7 * 3^t) values:

sequence 0.85 1.32 1.80 2.28

1st diff .47 .48 .48

The first difference appears constant with value about .473.

log(y) is a linear function of t with slope .473 and vertical intercept .85.

We therefore have log(y) = .473 t + .85. Thus

10^(log y) = 10^(.473 t + .85) so that

y = 10^(.473 t) * 10^(.85) or

y = (10^.473)^t * (10^.85), which evaluating the power of 10 with calculator gives us

y = 2.97^t * 7.08.

To 2 significant figures this is the same as the original function y = 3 * 7^t

self critique assessment: 3

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10:54:01

** For the simulated data the y values are .14, 5.66, 23.2, 52, 82.2 and 135.5. The square roots of these values are 0.374; 2.38, 4.82; 7.21; 9.34, 11.64.

Plotting these square roots vs. t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 we obtain a nearly straight-line graph.

The best-fit linear function to sqrt(y) vs. x gives us sqrt(y) = 2.27t + 0.27. Your function should be reasonably close to this but will probably not be identical.

Squaring both sides we get y = 5.1529t^2 + 1.2258t + 0.0729.

If the small term .0729 is neglected we get y = 5.15 t^2 + 1.23 t.

Because of the 1.23 t term this isn't a particularly good approximation to y = 5 t^2.**

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RESPONSE -->

For the simulated data the y values are .14, 5.66, 23.2, 52, 82.2 and 135.5. The square roots of these values are 0.374; 2.38, 4.82; 7.21; 9.34, 11.64.

Plotting these square roots vs. t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 we obtain a nearly straight-line graph.

The best-fit linear function to sqrt(y) vs. x gives us sqrt(y) = 2.27t + 0.27. Your function should be reasonably close to this but will probably not be identical.

Squaring both sides we get y = 5.1529t^2 + 1.2258t + 0.0729.

If the small term .0729 is neglected we get y = 5.15 t^2 + 1.23 t.

Because of the 1.23 t term this isn't a particularly good approximation to y = 5 t^2

self critique assessment: 3

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10:54:24

For (t, y) data set (0,.42), (1,.29),(2,.21),(3,.15),(4,.10),(5,.07) we get log(y) vs. t:

t log(y)

0 -.375

1 -.538

2 -.678

3 -.824

4 -1

5 -1.15

A best fit to this data gives

log(y) = - 0.155x - 0.374.

Solving we get

10^log(y) = 10^(- 0.155t - 0.374) or

y = 10^-.374 * (10^-.155)^t or

y = .42 * .70^t.

The columns below give t, y as in the original table, y calculated as y = .42 * .70^t and the difference between the predicted and original values of y:

0 0.42 0.42 0

1 0.29 0.294 -0.004

2 0.21 0.2058 0.0042

3 0.15 0.14406 0.00594

4 0.1 0.100842 -0.000842

5 0.07 0.0705894 -0.0005894

The deviations in the last column have an average value of -.00078. This indicates that the model is very good. **

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RESPONSE -->

For (t, y) data set (0,.42), (1,.29),(2,.21),(3,.15),(4,.10),(5,.07) we get log(y) vs. t:

t log(y)

0 -.375

1 -.538

2 -.678

3 -.824

4 -1

5 -1.15

A best fit to this data gives

log(y) = - 0.155x - 0.374.

Solving we get

10^log(y) = 10^(- 0.155t - 0.374) or

y = 10^-.374 * (10^-.155)^t or

y = .42 * .70^t.

The columns below give t, y as in the original table, y calculated as y = .42 * .70^t and the difference between the predicted and original values of y:

0 0.42 0.42 0

1 0.29 0.294 -0.004

2 0.21 0.2058 0.0042

3 0.15 0.14406 0.00594

4 0.1 0.100842 -0.000842

5 0.07 0.0705894 -0.0005894

The deviations in the last column have an average value of -.00078. This indicates that the model is very good.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:54:40

** The first table gives us

x y log(x) log(y)

0.5 0.7 -0.30103 -0.1549

1 0.97 0 -0.01323

1.5 1.21 0.176091 0.082785

2 1.43 0.30103 0.155336

2.5 1.56 0.39794 0.193125

log(y) vs. x is not linear. log(y) vs. log(x) is linear with equation log(y) = 0.5074 log(x) - 0.0056.

Applying the inverse transformation we get

10^log(y) =10^( 0.5074 log(x) - 0.0056)

which we simplify to obtain

y = 0.987x^0.507.

The second table gives us

x y log(x) log(y)

2 2.3 0.30103 0.361728

4 5 0.60206 0.69897

6 11.5 0.778151 1.060698

8 25 0.90309 1.39794

log(y) vs. x is linear, log(y) vs. log(x) is not.

From the linear graph we get

log(y) = 0.1735x + 0.0122, which we solve for y:

10^log(y) = 10^(0.1735x + 0.0122) or

y = 10^.0122 * 10^(0.1735x) = 1.0285 * 1.491^x. **

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RESPONSE -->

The first table gives us

x y log(x) log(y)

0.5 0.7 -0.30103 -0.1549

1 0.97 0 -0.01323

1.5 1.21 0.176091 0.082785

2 1.43 0.30103 0.155336

2.5 1.56 0.39794 0.193125

log(y) vs. x is not linear. log(y) vs. log(x) is linear with equation log(y) = 0.5074 log(x) - 0.0056.

Applying the inverse transformation we get

10^log(y) =10^( 0.5074 log(x) - 0.0056)

which we simplify to obtain

y = 0.987x^0.507.

The second table gives us

x y log(x) log(y)

2 2.3 0.30103 0.361728

4 5 0.60206 0.69897

6 11.5 0.778151 1.060698

8 25 0.90309 1.39794

log(y) vs. x is linear, log(y) vs. log(x) is not.

From the linear graph we get

log(y) = 0.1735x + 0.0122, which we solve for y:

10^log(y) = 10^(0.1735x + 0.0122) or

y = 10^.0122 * 10^(0.1735x) = 1.0285 * 1.491^x.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:55:01

** The table is

x f(x)

0 0

.5 .25

1 1

1.5 2.25

2 4.

Reversing columns we get the following partial table for the inverse function:

x f^-1(x)

0 0

.25 .5

1 1

2.25 1.5

4 2 **

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RESPONSE -->

The table is

x f(x)

0 0

.5 .25

1 1

1.5 2.25

2 4.

Reversing columns we get the following partial table for the inverse function:

x f^-1(x)

0 0

.25 .5

1 1

2.25 1.5

4 2

self critique assessment: 3

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10:55:18

** The curve of the original function is increasing at an increasing rate, the curve for the inverse function is increasing at a decreasing rate. The curves meet at (0, 0) and at (1, 1).

The line connecting the pairs of points passes through the y = x line at a right angle, and the y = x line bisects each connecting line. So the two graphs are mirror images of one another with respect to the line y = x. **

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RESPONSE -->

The curve of the original function is increasing at an increasing rate, the curve for the inverse function is increasing at a decreasing rate. The curves meet at (0, 0) and at (1, 1).

The line connecting the pairs of points passes through the y = x line at a right angle, and the y = x line bisects each connecting line. So the two graphs are mirror images of one another with respect to the line y = x.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:55:33

** Our reversed table would give us the table for the square root function y = sqrt(x). The y = x^2 and y = sqrt(x) functions are inverse functions for x >= 0. **

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RESPONSE -->

Our reversed table would give us the table for the square root function y = sqrt(x). The y = x^2 and y = sqrt(x) functions are inverse functions for x >= 0

self critique assessment: 3

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10:55:51

** The second column consists of all the squares. In order for a number to appear in the second column the square root of that number would have to appear in the first. Since every possible number appears in the first column, then no matter what number we select it will appear in the second column. So every possible positive number appears in the second column.

If a number appears twice in the second column then its square root would appear twice in the first column. But no number can appear more than once in the first column. **

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RESPONSE -->

The second column consists of all the squares. In order for a number to appear in the second column the square root of that number would have to appear in the first. Since every possible number appears in the first column, then no matter what number we select it will appear in the second column. So every possible positive number appears in the second column.

If a number appears twice in the second column then its square root would appear twice in the first column. But no number can appear more than once in the first column.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:56:06

** The table is the squaring function so next to 4.31 in the first column, 4.31^2 = 18.5761 would appear in the second. **

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RESPONSE -->

The table is the squaring function so next to 4.31 in the first column, 4.31^2 = 18.5761 would appear in the second

self critique assessment: 3

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10:56:22

** The square of sqrt(18) is 18, so 18 would appear in the second column. **

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RESPONSE -->

The square of sqrt(18) is 18, so 18 would appear in the second column.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:56:36

** pi^2 would appear in the second column. **

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RESPONSE -->

pi^2 would appear in the second column

self critique assessment: 2

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10:56:52

Our table would have the square of the second-column value in the first column, so the second column would be the square root of the first column. Our function would now be the square-root function.

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RESPONSE -->

Our table would have the square of the second-column value in the first column, so the second column would be the square root of the first column. Our function would now be the square-root function.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:57:07

** you would have sqrt(4.31) = 2.076 **

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RESPONSE -->

you would have sqrt(4.31) = 2.076

self critique assessment: 3

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10:57:24

** The number in the second column would be pi, since the first-column value is the square of the second-column value. **

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RESPONSE -->

The number in the second column would be pi, since the first-column value is the square of the second-column value.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:57:50

** -3 would not appear in the first column of the reversed table of the squaring function, since it wouldn't appear in the second column of that table. **

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RESPONSE -->

-3 would not appear in the first column of the reversed table of the squaring function, since it wouldn't appear in the second column of that table.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:58:05

** b^x = a is expressed in logarithmic form as x = log{base b}(a) so this equation would be translated as x = log{base 2}(18) = log(18) / log(2). **

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RESPONSE -->

b^x = a is expressed in logarithmic form as x = log{base b}(a) so this equation would be translated as x = log{base 2}(18) = log(18) / log(2).

self critique assessment: 3

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10:58:22

** b^x = a is expressed in logarithmic form as x = log{base b}(a) so this equation would be translated as 4 x = log{base 2}(12) = log(12) / log(2). **

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RESPONSE -->

b^x = a is expressed in logarithmic form as x = log{base b}(a) so this equation would be translated as 4 x = log{base 2}(12) = log(12) / log(2).

self critique assessment: 3

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10:58:35

** You get 2^x = 52/5 so that

x = log{base 2}(52/5) = log(52/5) / log(2). **

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RESPONSE -->

You get 2^x = 52/5 so that

x = log{base 2}(52/5) = log(52/5) / log(2).

self critique assessment: 3

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10:58:52

** You get

3x - 4 = log 9 / log 2 so that

3x = log 9 / log 2 + 4 and

x = ( log 9 / log 2 + 4 ) / 3. **

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RESPONSE -->

3x - 4 = log 9 / log 2 so that

3x = log 9 / log 2 + 4 and

x = ( log 9 / log 2 + 4 ) / 3.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:59:11

** You get

log(-4)/log(2)=3x - 5.

However log(-4) is not a real number so there is no solution.

Note that 2^(3x-5) cannot be negative so the equation is impossible. **

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RESPONSE -->

log(-4)/log(2)=3x - 5.

However log(-4) is not a real number so there is no solution.

Note that 2^(3x-5) cannot be negative so the equation is impossible.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:59:25

** You get

2^(1/x) = 3 so that

1/x = log(3) / log(2) and

x = log(2) / log(3) = .63 approx. **

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RESPONSE -->

2^(1/x) = 3 so that

1/x = log(3) / log(2) and

x = log(2) / log(3) = .63

self critique assessment: 3

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10:59:41

** 2^x * 2^(1/x) is the same as 2^(x + 1/x) so you get

x + 1/x = log{base 2}(15).

Multiplying both sides by x we get

x^2 + 1 = log{base 2}(15).

This is quadratic. We rearrange to get

x^2 - log{base 2}(15) x + 1 = 0

then use quadratic formula with a=1, b=-log{base 2}(15) and c=4.

Our solutions are

x = 0.2753664762 OR x = 3.631524119. **

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RESPONSE -->

2^x * 2^(1/x) is the same as 2^(x + 1/x) so you get

x + 1/x = log{base 2}(15).

Multiplying both sides by x we get

x^2 + 1 = log{base 2}(15).

This is quadratic. We rearrange to get

x^2 - log{base 2}(15) x + 1 = 0

then use quadratic formula with a=1, b=-log{base 2}(15) and c=4.

Our solutions are

x = 0.2753664762 OR x = 3.631524119.

self critique assessment: 3

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10:59:56

** You take the 1/4 power of both sides to get

2^x = 5^(1/4) so that

x = log(5^(1/4) ) / log(2) = 1/4 log(5) / log(2). **

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RESPONSE -->

You take the 1/4 power of both sides to get

2^x = 5^(1/4) so that

x = log(5^(1/4) ) / log(2) = 1/4 log(5) / log(2).

self critique assessment: 3

Be sure you understand all these problems and solutions. Let me know if you have questions.