45 Assignment

course Mth 272

????????[??[?D??assignment #003003. `query 3

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Applied Calculus II

06-20-2008

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13:35:00

4.5.10 (was 4.4.10) find the derivative of ln(1-x)^(1/3)

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RESPONSE -->

# 10 is the book is written with an exponent of 2/3

y = ln (1-x)^(2/3)

y' = (3/2) [1/(1-x)] (-1)

y'= -3 / [2(1-x)]

confidence assessment: 3

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13:35:22

The function is of the form ln(u), so the derivative is 1/u * u', or ln(u) * du/dx. The function u is (1-x)^(3/2).

The derivative of this function is u' = du/dx = -1 * 3/2 * (1-x)^(1/2) = -3/2 (1-x)^(1/2).

Thus the derivative of the original function is

1/u du/dx =

1 / [(1-x)^(3/2) ] * [-3/2 (1-x)^(1/2)] =

-3/2 (1-x)^(1/2) (1-x)^(-3/2) =

-3/2 (1-x)^-1 =

-3 / [ 2 (1-x) ]

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION:

Note that ln(1-x)^(1/3) = 1/3 ln(1-x)

The derivative of ln(1-x) is u ' * 1/u with u = 1-x. It follows that u ' = -1 so the derivative of ln(1-x) is -1 * 1/(1-x) = -1/(1-x).

The derivative of 1/3 ln(1-x) is therefore 1/3 * -1/(1-x) = -1 / [ 3(1-x) ].**

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RESPONSE -->

ok

self critique assessment: 3

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13:40:30

4.5.25 (was 4.4.24) find the derivative of ln( (e^x + e^-x) / 2)

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RESPONSE -->

Rewrite as : (1/2) ln (e^x + e^-x)

u = (e^x + e^-x)..so take 1/u when finding the derivative

(1/2) [1/(e^x + e^-x) (e^x + (-1)e^-x)

(e^x - e^-x) / [2(e^x + e^-x)]

confidence assessment: 3

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13:43:07

the derivative of ln(u) is 1/u du/dx; u = (e^x + e^-x)/2 so du/dx = (e^x - e^-x) / 2.

The term - e^(-x) came from applying the chain rule to e^-x.

The derivative of ln( (e^x + e^-x) / 2) is therefore

[(e^x - e^-2) / 2 ] / ] [ (e^x + e^-x) / 2 ] = (e^x - e^-x) / (e^x + e^-x).

This expression does not simplify, though it can be expressed in various forms (e.g., (1 - e^-(2x) ) / ( 1 + e^-(2x) ), obtained by dividing both numerator and denominator by e^x.).

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION:

ln( (e^x + e^-x) / 2) = ln( (e^x + e^-x) ) - ln(2).

the derivative of e^(-x) is - e^(-x) and ln(2) is constant so its derivative is zero.

So you get

y ' = (e^x - e^-x)/(e^x + e^-x). **

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RESPONSE -->

I put the 1/2 in front , but I now understand why I can't do that...just a careless mistake on my part.

self critique assessment: 2

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13:45:28

4.5.30 (was 4.4.30) write log{base 3}(x) in exp form

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RESPONSE -->

(ln x) / (ln 3)

By the Change of base formula which says

log{base a}(x) = (ln x) / (ln a)

confidence assessment: 2

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13:49:20

the exponential form of y = log{base 3}(x) is x = 3^y, which I think was the question -- you can check me on that and let me know if I'm wrong **

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RESPONSE -->

I'm confused...there is no y in # 30 in the book.

Can you just put one there?

I did #29 in the book and checked the answer in the back...there's no e^ in the problem anywhere...The directions said write with base e^

Please advise!--Thanks!

self critique assessment: 1

I'll have to check this with the text. You're OK on this one.

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13:54:45

Extra Problem (was 4.4.50) Find the equation of the line tangent to the graph of 25^(2x^2) at (-1/2,5)

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RESPONSE -->

y = 80.5x -35.25

confidence assessment: 2

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23:14:22

Write 25^u where u = 2x^2. So du/dx = 4x.

The derivative of a^x is a^x * ln(a). So the derivative of 25^u with respect to x is

du / dx * ln(25) * 25^u = 4x ln(25) * 25^u = 4x ln(25) * 25^ (2 x^2).

Evaluating this for x = -1/2 you get

4 * (-1/2) ln(25) * 25^(2 * (-1/2)^2 ) = -2 ln(25) * 25^(1/2) = -2 ln(25) * 5 = -10 ln(25) = -20 ln(5) = -32.189 approx.

So the tangent line is a straight line thru (-1/2, 5) and having slope -20 ln(5). The equation of a straight line with slope m passing thru (x1, y1) is

(y - y1) = m ( x - x1) so the slope of the tangent line must be

y - 5 =-20 ln(5) ( x - (-1/2) ) or

y - 5 = -20 ln(5) x - 10 ln(5). Solving for y we get

y = -20 ln(5) x - 10 ln(5).

A decimal approximation is

y = -32.189x - 11.095

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION:

A straight line has form y - y1 = m ( x - x1), where m is the slope of the graph at the point, which is the value of the derivative of the function at the point. So you have to find the derivative of 25^(2x^2) then evaluate it at x = -1/2.

The derivative of a^x is ln(a) * a^x. The derivative of 25^z would therefore be ln(25) * 25^z. The derivative of 25^(2 x^2) would be found by the chain rule with f(z) = 25^z and g(x) = 2 x^2. The result is g ' (x) * f ' (g(x)) = 4 x * ln(25) * 25^(2x^2). Evaluating at x = -1/2 we get -2 ln(25) * 25^(1/2) = -10 ln(25).

Now we use the ponit-slope form of the equation of a straight line to get (y - 5) = -10 ln(25) * (x - (-1/2) ) and simplify. **

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RESPONSE -->

I was making a simple mistake with 2x^2...I was mult by 2 first before applying the expoenent....which is another silly mistake on my part.

self critique assessment: 2

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23:16:31

4.5.59 (was 4.4.59) dB = 10 log(I/10^-16); find rate of change when I=10^-4

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RESPONSE -->

I substituted 10^-16 in for I ...but was unable to come up with the correct answer. I need help with this one.

confidence assessment: 0

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23:27:05

This function is a composite; the inner function is I / 10^-16, which has derivative 1/10^-16 = 10^16. So the derivative is

dB' = dB / dI = 10 ( 10^16 * / ln(10) ) / (I / 10^-16) = 10 / [ ln(10) * I ].

Alternatively, 10 log(I / 10^-16) = 10 (log I - log(10^-16) ) = 10 log I + 160; the derivative comes out the same with no need of the chain rule.

Plugging in I = 10^-4 we get rate = 10 / [ ln(10) * 10^-4 ] = 10^5 / ln(10), which comes out around 40,000 (use your calculator to get the accurate result. **

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RESPONSE -->

Studied solution I believe I've figured it out. I tried to substitute 10^4 immediatley before taking the derivative.

self critique assessment: 2

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23:33:56

4.5.60 (was 4.4.60) T = 87.97 + 34.96 ln p + 7.91 `sqrt(p); find rate of change

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RESPONSE -->

Take derivative.

T' = (34.96 / p)(1) + [7.91 / ((2)(60^(2/3))]

substitute 60 for p...which = 0.838

confidence assessment: 1

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23:37:15

The derivative with respect to p of ln p is 1 / p and the derivative with respect to p of sqrt(p) is 1 / (2 sqrt(p)). The derivative of the constant 89.97 is zero so

dT/dp = 34.96 * 1/p + 7.91 * 1 / (2 sqrt(p)) = 34.96 / p + 3.955 / sqrt(p). **

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RESPONSE -->

maybe I did better than I thought.

self critique assessment: 2

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I think you're in good shape here.

See my notes and let me know if you have questions.