query assignment  28

course Phy201

·eassignment #028

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Physics I

11-14-2007

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assignment #028

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Physics I

11-14-2007

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10:36:06

Query class notes #26

Explain how we use proportionality along with the radius rE of the Earth to determine the gravitational acceleration at distance r from the center of the Earth to obtain an expression for the gravitational acceleration at this distance. Explain how we use this expression and the fact that centripetal forces is equal to v^2 / r to obtain the velocity of a satellite in circular orbit.

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RESPONSE -->

the formula is g = 9.8m/s^2 * (r earth / r)^2

since this must equal the centripetal accel or v^2/r the orbital velocity is proportional to 1/sqrt of the radius of the orbit.

In the case of earth orbit:

v = sqrt of (g*r earth^2) / r orbit

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10:36:55

** The proportionality is accel = k r^2. When r = rE, accel = 9.8 m/s^2 so

9.8 m/s^2 = k * rE^2.

Thus k = 9.8 m/s^2 / rE^2, and the proportionality can now be written

accel = [ 9.8 m/s^2 / (rE)^2 ] * r^2. Rearranging this gives us

accel = 9.8 m/s^2 ( r / rE ) ^2. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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10:44:14

Principles of Physics and Gen Phy problem 5.30 accel of gravity on Moon where radius is 1.74 * 10^6 m and mass 7.35 * 10^22 kg.

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RESPONSE -->

g = G*M/r^2

g = (6.67*10^-11) *{ (7.35*10^22) / (1.74*10^6)^2 }

g = 1.6 m/s^2

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10:44:47

** The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is found using the equation

g' = G (Mass of Moon)/ radius of moon ^2

g' = (6.67 x 10^-11 N*m^2/kg^2)(7.35 X 10^22 kg) / (1.74 X 10^6 m) = 1.619 m/s^2 **

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RESPONSE -->

got it

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10:49:11

Query gen phy problem 5.40 force due to planets (Mv, Mj, Ms, are .815, 318, 95.1 Me; orb radii 108, 150, 778, 1430 million km).

What is the total force on Earth due to the planets, assuming perfect alignment?

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RESPONSE -->

not sure how to approach this

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10:57:29

** Using F = G m1 m2 / r^2 we get

Force due to Venus: F = 6.67 * 10^-11 N m^2 / kg^2 * (5.97 * 10^24 kg) * (.815 * 5.97 * 10^24 kg) / (1.5 * 10^11 m - 1.08 * 10^11 m)^2 = 1.1 * 10^18 N, approx.

Force due to Jupiter: F = 6.67 * 10^-11 N m^2 / kg^2 * (5.97 * 10^24 kg) * (318 * 5.97 * 10^24 kg) / (1.5 * 10^11 m - 7.78 * 10^11 m)^2 = 1.9 * 10^18 N, approx.

Force due to Saturn: F = 6.67 * 10^-11 N m^2 / kg^2 * (5.97 * 10^24 kg) * (95.7 * 5.97 * 10^24 kg) / (1.5 * 10^11 m - 1.43 * 10^11 m)^2 = 1.4 * 10^17 N, approx.

Venus being 'inside' the Earth's orbit pulls in the direction of the Sun while Jupiter and Saturn pull in the opposite direction so the net force is

-1.1 * 10^18 N + 1.9 * 10^18 N + 1.4 * 10^17 N = .9 * 10^18 N = 9 * 10^17 N, approx.. **

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RESPONSE -->

I'm confused by this problem.

If I understand this correctly,In the calculations you used the masses of the planets, not the sun, but used the distance from the sun for the radius?

which is the basis for the gravitational force - the sun's mass and the planet's distance from it, or the mass of the planets and their distance from the earth?

To find the force between two objects we use F = G m1 m2 / r^2, where m1 and m2 are the masses of the planets and r is the distance between them.

In each calculation m1 is the mass of the Earth, m2 is the mass of the planet, and r is the distance between the Earth and the planet at the Earth's closest approach.

In the calculation for Venus, for example, (5.97 * 10^24 kg) is the mass of Earth, (.815 * 5.97 * 10^24 kg) is the mass of Venus, (1.5 * 10^11 m is the radius of Earth's orbit about the Sun and 1.08 * 10^11 m is the radius of Venus' orbit about the Sun. The difference (1.5 * 10^11 m - 1.08 * 10^11 m) is the distance between Earth and Venus at Earth's closest approach.

approx.

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Your work looks good. See my notes. Let me know if you have any questions. &#