#$&*
PHY 121
Your 'timer program' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
#$&* Your General Comment **
September 5, 2011 at 3:19 p.m.
#$&* Describe what you see on your first 10 clicks **
45 min.
#$&*Your TIMER data from 20 fast clicks **
DO NOT COPY THE LINES ABOVE THIS ONE. JUST FILL THOSE LINES IN WHEN YOU SUBMIT YOUR RESULTS AT THE END OF THIS FORM.
• Follow the instructions, fill in your data and the results of your analysis in the given format.
• Regularly save your document to your computer as you work.
• When you have completed your work:
Highlight the contents of the text editor, and copy and paste those contents into the indicated box at the end of this form.
Click the Submit button and save your form confirmation.
This experiment is self-explanatory. Student report time of completion ranging from 10 minutes to 1 hour, with 30 minutes being the most typical.
Downloading and/or running the TIMER program
If you have a Macintosh computer the preferred timer.exe program might not work (it will if your computer has a Windows emulator), but the alternative Java applet should work just fine.
timer.exe
The program timer.exe should be downloaded to your hard drive and/or flash drive so you have access to it whenever you need it.
There is an alternative Java applet (see the heading timer java applet below) , but the .exe option is preferable. It is worth 15 minutes of effort to get the program working on your hard drive, after which you will have it and won't need Internet access to run it. It will start up instantly, it runs in a small window, and it has the ability to file your data. However if you can't get it working in 15 minutes with the instructions given below, just move on the the Java version.
To use the Windows version:
If you are using a Windows PC, or a Mac with Windows emulator, first take a few seconds to run the program q a prelim. As soon as the form opens on your screen, you can close it. Nothing needs to be submitted. The first thing this program does is to create the c:\vhmthphy folder on your hard drive. As an alternative you can also create a c:\vhmthphy folder.
The timer.exe program opens in a small window and can be run side-by-side with other windows applications on your computer (just size the second window so it leaves room for the Timer program).
Run the program now. If it fails to work then try the following, in order:
• If you got the Run-time Error 76, it can be corrected by the step given earlier. That instruction is repeated below:
Run the program q a prelim. As soon as the form opens on your screen, you can close it. Nothing needs to be submitted. The first thing this program does is to create the c:\vhmthphy folder on your hard drive. As an alternative you can manually create this folder.
• If this doesn't work, follow the link COMDLG32 to access simple instructions for fixing the problem. Then run timer.exe .
To use the Java version:
Windows users:
The Java applet does require that the Java Runtime Environment be installed. Almost every Apple computer, and most Windows computers, will have this environment installed. If your computer will not run the Java applet, the installation is simple and quick. If you search under 'Java Runtime Environment', using any search engine, you will find information on the Java Runtime Environment and on the installation. You should satisfy yourself that you are downloading from a verifiable, trusted source.
Mac users:
Apple supplies their own version of Java. Use the Software Update feature (available on the Apple menu) to check that you have the most up-to-date version of Java for your Mac.
should check the Apple site for the Software Update feature (available on the Apple menu) to check that you have the most up-to-date version of Java for your Mac.
The Java Applet at the link Timer-Java will work fine for the current experiment, and will do just about everything the timer.exe program will do. The Java applet has a few more or less minor inconveniences and one that's not quite as minor:
• You can't put the Java applet on your hard drive or flash drive, so you have to pull it off the Web every time you want to use it.
• The applet won't file your data. However it will let you copy and paste your data into a text editor.
• If your machine doesn't run Java applets, you would have to set it up to do so (just search the web under 'Java Runtime Environment', which is free and installs easily). This software is pretty standard, and is already installed on most machines.
Operating the TIMER program
It is easy to operate the Timer program. All you have to do is click on the button labeled Click to Time Event.
Click that button about 10 times and describe what you see.
Three columns of numbers tabbed apart, the first set seems to be numerical based on the number of the click, the next two range from 47 to .94 roughly and contain five decimal places.
#$&*
Now click on Initialize Counter, which will clear all the data from the timer window. Click the mouse as fast as you can until the TIMER window fills up. Be sure you get at least 20 time intervals.
If you miss a click, try again. Keep trying until you get at least 20 intervals without a missed or delayed click.
Copy your data starting in the next line:
1 161.3633 161.3633
2 161.7773 .4140625
3 162.2266 .4492188
4 162.6328 .40625
5 163.0195 .3867188
6 163.4102 .390625
7 163.7969 .3867188
8 164.1445 .3476563
9 164.5234 .3789063
10 164.875 .3515625
11 165.2266 .3515625
12 165.5781 .3515625
13 165.9297 .3515625
14 166.2539 .3242188
15 166.6016 .3476563
16 166.9023 .3007813
17 167.2617 .359375
18 167.5625 .3007813
19 167.9375 .375
20 168.293 .3554688
#$&*
You got at least 20 time intervals. Based on your data what was the average of the first 20 time intervals? Note that you could get this average by averaging the first 20 intervals. My first few intervals were .15625, .15625, .1875, .171875, etc; I could just add up the first 20 intervals and divide by 20 to get the average. However there is an easier and quicker way to get the result, so use the easier way if you can.
Give your result, number only, in the first line, and starting in the second line explain how you got it.
.346485
I took the last time, subtracted the initial time from that, and divided the time gap between the 2 by 20.
#$&*
@& Good, but 20 clicks gave you only 19 'gaps' or intervals. Your average for those 19 intervals looks right.*@
When I did this activity the first few lines of my data were as follows:
event number clock time time interval
1 11.67188 11.67188
2 11.875 0.203125
3 12.0625 0.1875
4 12.20313 0.140625
5 12.375 0.171875
6 12.54688 0.171875
7 12.73438 0.1875
8 12.92188 0.1875
9 13.10938 0.1875
10 13.28125 0.171875
11 13.4375 0.15625
It looks like the same intervals keep popping up. For example .1875 seconds occurs 5 times out of the first 10 intervals, .171875 seconds occurs three times, and .203125 seconds, .140625 seconds and .15625 seconds each occur once.
A frequency distribution for my time intervals would be as follows:
time interval frequency
,140625 1
.15625 1
.171875 3
.1875 5
.203125 1
What different time intervals did you observe in your first 20 intervals, and how many times did each occur? List below the different time intervals you observed and the number of times each occurred. List from the shortest to the longest interval, and use a comma between the time interval and its frequency. For example my data above would be listed at
.140625, 1
.1565, 1
.171875, 3
.1875, 5
.203125, 1
Your list should be in exactly this format, with no other symbols or characters.
.4140625, 1
.4492188, 1
.40625, 1
.3867188, 1
.3476563, 2
.3789063, 1
.3515625, 4
.3242188, 1
.3007813, 2
.375, 1
.3554688, 1
#$&*
You may make any comments or ask any question about the process so far in the box below
No comments so far, I do wonder how I get the counter to start at 0. I just tried it again, and reset the count number, but the first click started 1866.211. I assume maybe just close out the program??
#$&*
@& That would work, but the timer starts when it starts, not with your first click. So you're always going to have to make that initial-instant correction.
That is intentional on my part. I don't want people to come out of the course with the idea that everything starts at zero.*@
On the 10 intervals I've shown you, do you really think I managed to get a time of .1875 seconds, accurate to 4 significant figures, on half of the intervals? If you do, I'm grateful for your confidence but I'm just not that good. No human being has that much neurological and muscular control.
So why do you think the TIMER program reported that time so frequently? Why weren't there times like .1830 seconds, or .1769 seconds? Does this mean that the TIMER program is flawed? Does that mean it's useless?
#$&*
Here are a few more lines of data, with an added column showing the difference between each time interval and the next.
clock time time interval difference from one time interval to next
9 13.10938 0.1875 -0.01563
10 13.28125 0.171875 -0.01563
11 13.4375 0.15625 0.03125
12 13.625 0.1875 -0.01563
13 13.79688 0.171875 0.015625
14 13.98438 0.1875 0.015625
15 14.1875 0.203125 -0.03125
16 14.35938 0.171875 -0.01563
17 14.51563 0.15625 0.03125
Take a good look at that last column and tell us what you see in those numbers, and what this tells you about the TIMER program
#$&*
Now initialize the TIMER once more, and take a series of 10 relaxed breaths. Every time you start to inhale, hit the TIMER button.
My results for the first 7 complete breaths are as follows:
series of relaxed breaths
event number clock time time interval difference between time interval and next
1 1569.734 1569.734
2 1582.75 13.01563 0.32812
3 1596.094 13.34375 3.90625
4 1613.344 17.25 2.70313
5 1633.297 19.95313 1.35937
6 1654.609 21.3125 4.23438
7 1680.156 25.54688 2.15625
8 1707.859 27.70313
I didn't go on because the time between my breaths kept increasing, and I was afraid if I relaxed any more I might stop breathing altogether. It's going to take either more statistical analysis to determine whether that's a real danger, or a little common sense.
Report your results by just entering your time intervals, one to each line, in the box below. If I was entering my results I would enter
13.01563
13.34375
17.25
19.95313
21.3125
etc.
Enter your results in the same format:
3.22656
3.183594
2.964844
3.503906
3.292969
2.792969
2.757813
3.265625
3.191406
#$&*
If you have any comments please insert them here
N/A
#$&*
Most likely you did not observe the same exact time interval twice, and if you did it did not happen nearly as often as when you did the fact clicks.
Why do you think this is exactly what we would expect?
Because our rate of breath fluctuates maybe based upon us knowingly trying to keep it calm and relaxed.
#$&*
Which of the following statements do you think is the most accurate?
a. The TIMER program is capable of determining the time between two events accurately to within about .1 second.
b. The TIMER program is capable of determining the time between two events accurately to within about .01 second.
c. The TIMER program is capable of determining the time between two events accurately to within about .001 second.
d. The TIMER program is capable of determining the time between two events accurately to within about .0001 second.
Enter your answer and your reasoning below:
D, because our results shown on the program are sometimes carried to like 6 decimal places.
#$&*
@& It's unlikely that time intervals accurate to 6 figures would often differ by the same amount, as happens here.
*@
&#Good work on this lab exercise. Let me know if you have questions. &#