Query 132

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course Mth 277

1/03 11

Question: Evaluate Int[ (2x - 3y) ds, C] where C is defined by x = sin t, y = cos t, 0 <= t <= pi. ( Int[ f(x,y) ds, C] is the line integral of f(x,y) over C).YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

integrate 2sint - 3cost to get -2cost - 3sint from 0 to pi. answer is 4

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Given Solution:

The distance increment is based on the 'velocity' function x ' i + y ' j = cos(t) i - sin(t) j, which implies displacement increment `ds = (x ' i + y ' j) dt = cos(t) i - sin(t) j and therefore distance increment

`ds = | `ds | = sqrt( x ' ^ 2 + y ' ^ 2 ) dt = sqrt( cos^2(t) + sin^2(t) ) dt = sqrt( 1 ) dt = dt.

The function (2 x - 3 y) is expressed in terms of t by (2 sin(t) - 3 cos(t)), so our integral is

int ( (2 sin(t) - 3 cos(t) ) dt, t from 0 to pi).

Our antiderivative is -2 cos(t) - 3 sin(t), which between t = 0 and t = pi changes from -2 to 2, a change of 4.

Thus our line integral has value 4.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Question: Evaluate Int[-y dx + 3y dy, C] where C is defined by y^2 = x from the point (1,1) to the point (9,3).

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Your solution:

Worked on paper, summarize,. initially started the integral by parts. took me a minute to realize to solve for for dx and substitute.

???? also I have a question, I'm not sure why you said that the Curve is the upper portion of the parabola. is it because its in the 1st quad, and that the points were positive?

the integration should be -5.333 with the correction from your given solution, (-2/3 y^3)

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(1, 1) and (9, 3) are the endpoints of the segment of the curve. Both points are in the first quadrant.

The axis of the parabola is the x axis. Half the parabola is above the x axis, and half below.

The part of the curve considered here is in the first quadrant, hence in the 'upper' half.

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Given Solution:

First verify that (1, 1) and (9, 3) are on the curve. This is easily verified for the first point, since 1^2 = 1, and for the second, since 3^2 = 9.

This curve is part of the parabola x = y^2, which has vertex at the origin and opens to the right. The curve C is part of the 'upper half' of this parabola.

If x = y^2, then dx = d(y^2) = 2 y dy.

On this curve y changes from 1 to 3 (and x = y^2 changes from 1^2 = 1 to 3^2 = 9).

Expressing our integrand -y dx + 3 y dy in terms of y we get

-y ( 2 y dy) + 3 y dy = (-2 y^2 + 3 y) dy.

Our integral is therefore

integral((-2 y^2 + 3 y) dy, y from 1 to 3).

Our antiderivative is -2/3 y^2 + 3/2 y^2.

Between y = 1 and y = 3 this antiderivative changes from -2/3 + 3/2 to -6 + 27/2, a change of ...

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Self-critique (if necessary):

.antiderivative should be -2/3 y^3 not y^2.

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Yes.

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Question: Evaluate Int[(x^2 - y^2)dx + x dy, C] where C is the circular path given by x = 2 cos(theta), y = 2sin(theta), 0 <= theta <= 2pi.

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Your solution:

Worked on paper, a bit messy, but ok, found an error or two.

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Given Solution:

Our parameter here is theta, so our derivatives will be with respect to theta. Thus ' will indicate derivative with respect to theta.

On this path we have

dx = x ' dTheta = -2 sin(theta) dTheta

and

dy = y ' dTheta = 2 cos(theta) dTheta

Thus

(x^2 - y^2) dx = ( 4 cos^2(theta) - 4 sin^2(theta) ) * 2 sin(theta) dTheta = 4 (cos^2(theta) sin(theta) - sin^3(theta)) dTheta

and

x dy = 2 cos(theta) * 2 cos(theta) dTheta.= 4 cos^2(theta) dTheta

Thus our integral becomes

integral( 4 (cos^2(theta) sin(theta) - sin^3(theta)) dTheta + 4 cos^2(theta) dTheta , theta from 0 to 2 pi)

= integral( 4 (cos^2(theta) sin(theta) - sin^3(theta) + 4 cos^2(theta) ) dTheta , theta from 0 to 2 pi).

(x^2 - y^2) dx = ( 4 cos^2(theta) - 4 sin^2(theta) ) * (-2 sin(theta)) dTheta = -4 (cos^2(theta) sin(theta) + sin^3(theta)) dTheta

and

x dy = 2 cos(theta) * 2 cos(theta) dTheta.= 4 cos^2(theta) dTheta

Thus our integral becomes

integral( -4 (cos^2(theta) sin(theta) + sin^3(theta)) dTheta + 4 cos^2(theta) dTheta , theta from 0 to 2 pi)

= integral( sin^3(theta) ) dTheta , theta from 0 to 2 pi).

By symmetry this integral is easily seen to be zero.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

ok I spy some errors I think, In your dx you say its -2 sin(theta), well in your equation (x^2 - y^2) dx; you fill in dx with a positive 2sin(theta), and I think you should end up with -8(cos^2(theta)sin(theta) - sin^3(theta))*d(theta) + 4cos^2(theta) * d(theta)

working this from 0 to 2pi to get an answer of 0, because you end up with -sin^3(theta) - sin^2(theta), from 0 to 2pi, the sin of both are 0.

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Right. That should read

(x^2 - y^2) dx = ( 4 cos^2(theta) - 4 sin^2(theta) ) * (-2 sin(theta)) dTheta = -4 (cos^2(theta) sin(theta) + sin^3(theta)) dTheta

and

x dy = 2 cos(theta) * 2 cos(theta) dTheta.= 4 cos^2(theta) dTheta

Thus our integral becomes

integral( -4 (cos^2(theta) sin(theta) + sin^3(theta)) dTheta + 4 cos^2(theta) dTheta , theta from 0 to 2 pi)

= integral( sin^3(theta) ) dTheta , theta from 0 to 2 pi).

By symmetry this integral is easily seen to be zero.

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&#Good responses. See my notes and let me know if you have questions. &#