assignment 64

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course Mth 158

12/14 2

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Question:   * * *  7th edition only 5.4.14. 2.2^3 = N. Express in logarithmic notation.

 

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Your solution:

if the formula is b^x = y = log{base b}(y) = x then 2.2^3 = N is log(2.2)N=3

in my book it has e^2.2 = N but the formula stays the same so the logarithmic notation is log(base e)N=2.2

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

 

b^x = y is expressed in logarithmic notation as log{base b}(y) = x. In this case b = 2.2, x = 3 and y = N.

 

So we write lob{base b}(y) = x as

 

log{base 2.2}(N) = 3.

8th edition only 6.4.14. e^2.2 = N. Express in logarithmic notation.

 

b^x = y is expressed in logarithmic notation as log{base b}(y) = x. In this case b = 3, x = 2.2 and y = N.

 

So we write lob{base b}(y) = x as

 

log{base e}(N) = 2.2.

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Question: *  extra problem / 7th edition 5.4.18. x^pi = 3. Express in logarithmic notation.

 

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Your solution:

log(base b) y=x so log(base x) 3= pi

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Given Solution:

 

b^a = y is expressed in logarithmic notation as log{base b}(y) = a. In this case b = x, a = pi and y = 3.

 

So we write lob{base b}(y) = a as

 

log{base x}(3) = pi.

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Question: *  extra problem / 7th edition 5.4.26.. log{base 2}?? = x. Express in exponential notation.

 

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Your solution:

log{base 2}?? = x

log(base b)(y)=x still is the formula for b^x=y so 2^x=??

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

log{base b}(y) = a is expressed in exponential notation as

 

b^a = y.

 

In this case b = 2, a = x and y = ?? so the expression b^a = y is written as

 

2^x = ??.

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Question: *  6.4.30 / 7th edition 5.4.36. Exact value of log{base 1/3}(9)

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Your solution:

1/3^x=9

if you were to square 2 by -2 you'd get 1/4, in this case we're starting with a fraction but trying to make it equal a whole number, so logic says the exponent could be negative. 3^2=9 but 1/3^2=1/9 but if we say 1/3^-2 and plug it into the calculator, we'll get 9 as an answer so

1/3^-2=9 and therefore log{base 1/3}(9)=-2

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

* * log{base b}(y) = a is expressed in exponential notation as

 

b^a = y.

 

In this case b = 1/3, a is what we are trying to find and y = 9 so the expression b^a = y is written as

 

(1/3)^a = 9.

 

Noting that 9 is an integer power of 3 we expect that a will be an integer power of 1/3. Since 9 = 3^2 we might try (1/3)^2 = 9, but this doesn't work since (1/3)^2 = 1/9, not 9. We can correct this by using the -2 power, which is the reciprocal of the +2 power: (1/3)^-2 = 1/ ( 1/3)^2 = 1 / (1/9) = 9.

 

So log

base 1/3}(9) = -2.

 

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Question:. What is the domain of G(x) = log{base 1 / 2}(x^2-1)

 

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Your solution:

I guess start by solving x. take (x^2-1) and assume that it is = to or greater than 0 because the equation consists of all positive real numbers. So we solve x by looking at x^2 - 1 = 0 and the only number that makes sense would be be x=1 or -1

and here I start to get confused....bbut shall try to continue

if x = 1 or negative one then the domain would probably look like (1, infinity) or (-infinity, -1)

confidence rating #$&*: 2

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Given Solution:

For any positive value of b the domain of log{base b}(x) consists of all positive real numbers. It follows that log{base 1/2}(x^2-1) consists of all real numbers for which x^2 - 1 > 0.

 

We solve x^2 - 1 > 0 for x by first finding the values of x for which x^2 - 1 = 0. We can factor the expression to get (x-1)(x+1) = 0, which is so if x-1 = 0 or if x + 1 = 0. Our solutions are therefore x = 1 and x = -1.

 

It follows that x^2 - 1 is either positive or negative on each of the intervals (-infinity, -1), (-1, 1) and (1, infinity). We can determine which by substituting any value from each interval into x^2 - 1.

 

On the interval (-1, 1) we can just choose x = 0, which substituted into x^2 - 1 gives us -1. We conclude that x^2 - 1 < 0 on this interval.

 

On the interval (-infinity, -1) we could substitute x = -2, giving us x^2 - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3, which is > 0. So x^2 - 1 > 0 on (-infinity, -1).

 

Substituting x = 2 to test the interval (1, infinity) we obtain the same result so that x^2 - 1 > 0 on (1, infinity).

 

We conclude that the domain of this function is (-infinity, -1) U (1, infinity).

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Question: *  6.4.58 / 7th edition 5.4.62. a such that graph of log{base a}(x) contains (1/2, -4).

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Your solution:

if log{base a}(x) = y then a^y = x and plug the coodinates where x=1/2 and y=-4 so that we have log(base a)(1/2)=-4 which will be a^-4=1/2

I tried solving your way- but it's not working out for me. I even just plugged (1/2)^-(1/4) in the calculator to see if I would get 16, but I just got a big long decimal number. If I put (1/2)^-4 I would get 16 though... so I don't know what to do with this thing

confidence rating #$&*: 1

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Given Solution:

log{base a}(x) = y if a^y = x.

 

The point (1/2, -4) will lie on the graph if y = -4 when x = 1/2, so we are looking for a value of a such that a ^ (-4) = 1/2.

 

* * We easily solve for a by taking the -1/4 power of both sides:

 

(a ^ (-4))^(-1/4)  = 1/2 ^ (-1/4) so since (a^(-4))^(-1/4)) = a^(-4 * (-1/4)) = a^1 = a, and 1/2 ^(-1/4) = 16, we get

 

a = (1/2)^-(1/4) = 16.

 

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Question:  Use transformations to graph h(x) = ln(4-x). Give domain, range, asymptotes.

 

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Your solution:

if you took (4-x) and multiplied it by -1 you could get (x-4) and using that you can see that the line for y=ln(x) would shift 4 units to the right.

The numbers of y=ln(x) have to be 0 or greater because it won't calculate -numbers for x so some example coordinates would approximately be (1, 0); (2, .69314); (e, 1); (3, 1.09861) to get the coordinates for y=ln(x-4) you'd add 4 to all of the x-coordinates. (5, 0); (6, .69314);(e+4, 1); (7, 1.09861)

However the original equation was actually ln(4-x)=y so you'd have to multiply the x coordinates by -1 so you get (-5, 0); (-6,.69314); (-e+4, 1); (-7,1.09861) and the line on the graph would flip over to the other side of the y-axis

confidence rating #$&*: 2

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Given Solution:

The graph of y = ln(x) is concave down, has a vertical asymptote at the negative y axis and passes through the points (1, 0) and (e, 1) (the latter is approximately (2.71828, 1) ).

 

The graph of y = ln(x - 4), where x is replaced by x - 4, is shifted +4 units in the x direction so the vertical asymptote shifts 4 units right to the line x = 4. The points (1, 0) and (e, 1) shift to (1+4, 0) = (5, 0) and (e + 4, 1) (the latter being approximately (3.71828, 1).

 

Since x - 4 = - (4 - x), the graph of y = ln(4 - x) is 'flipped' about the y axis relative to ln(x-4), so it the vertical asymptote becomes x = -4 and the graph passes through the points (-5, 0) and (-e-4, 1). The graph will still be concave down.

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Question: *  6.4.98 / 7th edition 5.4.102. Solve log{base 6}(36) = 5x + 3.

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Your solution:

log{base 6}(36) = 5x + 3 would be 6^(5x+3)=36 and we know that 6^2=36 so we want 5x+3=2

solve and we get 5x=-1 and x=-(1/5) so

6^-(1/5)=36

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

* * log{base b}(y) = a is expressed in exponential notation as

 

b^a = y.

 

In this case b = 6, a is what we are trying to find and y = 5x + 3 so the expression b^a = y is written as

 

6^(5x+3) = 36.

 

We know that 6^2 = 36, so (5x + 3) = 2. We easily solve this equation to get x = -1 / 5.

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Question: *  6.4.122 / 7th edition 6.3.102. F(t) = 1 - e^(-.15 t) prob of car arriving within t minute of 5:00. How long does it take for the probability to reach 50%? How long to reach 80%?

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Your solution:

F(t) = .50

1 - e^(-.15 t)=.5

-.5=-e^(-.15t) multiply both sides by -1

.5=e^(-.15t)

Take the natural log of both sides. So we have ln(e^(-.15t))= ln(.5) become -.15t=ln(.5) solve for t by dividing both sides by -.15 and get t=4.62 approximately

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Given Solution:

* * The probability is F(t), so F(t) = 50% = .5 when 1 - e^(-.15 t) = .5.

 

We subtract 1 from both sides the multiply by -1 to rearrange this equation to the form

 

e^(-.15 t) = .5.

 

Taking the natural log of both sides we get

 

ln( e^(-.15 t) ) = ln(.5), which tells us that

-.15 t = ln(.5) so that

 

t = -ln(.5)/.15 = 4.6, approx..

 

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&#Very good responses. Let me know if you have questions. &#