phy202
Your 'bottle thermometer' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
** Your optional message or comment: **
** What happens when you pull water up into the vertical tube then remove the tube from your mouth? **
I pulled the water up the tube by a suction process on the longest tube but I suppose I could have applied pressure to the pressure tube as long as I didn't overcome the resistance of the plug holding onto the longest tube. I then replaced the cap onto the pressure tube. I was expecting the water to stay at the level I had pulled level to but it fell down back into the bottle. I repeated this process several times not really sure why the level kept dropping because I thought I had atmospheric pressure on the level in the bottle. When I capped the longest tube after pulling the water up into the tube the level stayed. I first thought that I had a vacuum leak but I'm not exactly sure why the level dropped the first time.
** What happens when you remove the pressure-release cap? **
After experiencing the previous encounter, I think the air will escape but upon removing the pressure cap the level stayed in the tube. This may have occurred because of what I call a trap in the plumbing industry to prevent gases from backing up. In my set up I had the tube dropping as shown on the picture.
** What happened when you blew a little air into the bottle? **
I'm not exactly sure how I can achieve this considering the tube inserted into the water will be the level indicating tube. I blew air into the shortest vertical tube but since this tube doesn't protrude into the bottle water level, there wasn't any bubbles forming in the bottle. The only thing I noticed was that there was a pressure build up in the bottle and the level in the indicating tube rose slightly but returned to its previous level. When I blew into the bottle I added pressure to the system. These things happened because I think it is a closed system.
As I have ventured further in this lab, I believe I have taken a few erroneous applications of moving the water level in the vertical tube. It was in the next section I realized further the actual procedures even though I fully expect my math answers to be somewhat different than what will be expected.
** Your estimate of the pressure difference due to a 1% change in pressure, the corresponding change in water column height, and the required change in air temperature: **
gas pressure increase: 1013 N/m^2
height change approx. 30%
temp change: 1%
I got the pressure change multiplying 1% times 101300 N/m^2
The height change I'm unable to determine other than the info given further in the lab equating 1 Kelvin to 3 cm
Performing the pressure temperature relationship for both pressures I determined the temperature rise or change would be 1%
** Your estimate of degrees of temperature change, amount of pressure change and change in vertical position of water column for 1% temperature change: **
1% change = 3 Kelvin
pressure change: 338 N/m^2
1 Kelvin change approx. = to 3 cm
If room temp is 300 Kelvin then 1% of that is 3 Kelvin
I used the pressure temp relationship to determine the total pressure then found the pressure difference.
Using the estimate of 1 Kelvin change is equal to approx 3 cm change in height. I have seen this somewhere but I'm having to use the info given in this lab
** The temperature change corresponding to a 1 cm difference in water column height, and to a 1 mm change: **
.33 Kelvin change
.033 Kelvin change
Just doing the routine math of ratios
1mm difference is 1/10th the temp change for 1cm
** water column position (cm) vs. thermometer temperature (Celsius) **
1. 22.0 C, 8.8 cm
2. 22.0 C, 8.8 cm
3. 22.0 C, 8.8 cm
4. 22.0 C, 8.8 cm
5. 22.0 C, 8.75 cm
6. 22.0 C, 8.75 cm
7. 22.0 C, 8.75 cm
8. 22.0 C, 8.75 cm
9. 22.0 C, 8.7 cm
10. 22.0 C, 8.7 cm
11. 22.0 C, 8.7 cm
12. 22.0 C, 8.7 cm
13. 22.0 C, 8.65 cm
14. 22.0 C, 8.65 cm
15. 22.0 C, 8.65 cm
16. 22.0 C, 8.65 cm
17. 22.0 C, 8.6 cm
18. 22.0 C, 8.6 cm
19. 22.0 C, 8.6 cm
20. 22.0 C, 8.6 cm
My measurements were taken from the top of the bottle cap. The level was dropping thus the temperature was dropping which means that the level from the mark (tape) would be minus.
** Trend of temperatures; estimates of maximum deviation of temperature based on both air column and alcohol thermometer. **
I believe the bottle thermometer hasn't settled in pressure because of the cooler pan I had to put under the bottle for future parts of this lab or the room is being cooled by my air conditioner. As far as the thermometer, I see it very difficult to estimate with any reliability to a .1 on the scale. I suppose if I had borrowed an infra-red hand held thermometer I would have been able to achieve some level of accuracy and consistency.
** Water column heights after pouring warm water over the bottle: **
The temperature reading was 22.2 C. When I poured the water over the sides of the bottle, the tube level rose to 10 cm above the cap top then slowly dropped back to its stabilized point of 8.4 cm. I removed the pan that contained the liquid and put the pan back under the bottle just in case I have to pour more water over the bottle when I move the tube to horizontal.
** Response of the system to indirect thermal energy from your hands: **
The level rose from 8.4 cm to 9.1 cm.
By warming my hands, a convection of air currents took place thus slowly warming the bottle slightly which cause the water level to rise.
** position of meniscus in horizontal tube vs. alcohol thermometer temperature at 30-second intervals **
1. 23.1 C, 53.6 cm
2. 23.1 C, 53.65 cm
3. 23.1 C, 53.7 cm
4. 23.1 C, 53.75 cm
5. 23.1 C, 53.8 cm
6. 23.1 C, 53.85 cm
7. 23.1 C, 53.9 cm
8. 23.1 C, 53.95 cm
9. 23.1 C, 54.0 cm
10. 23.1 C, 54.5 cm
My distance measurements were from my counter top to the level. My base height was 53.6 cm. This means that my pressure was rising which indicates that the temperature was rising as well
** What happened to the position of the meniscus in the horizontal tube when you held your warm hands near the container? **
After warming my hands, the air currents convection warmed the bottle which raised the bottle pressure pushing the water level upwards. The level topped out at 58.8 cm above the reference point (bar counter top). The base measurement was at 54.0 cm which means an increase in pressure and the water level rising 4.8 cm.
** Pressure change due to movement of water in horizonal tube, volume change due to 10 cm change in water position, percent change in air volume, change in temperature, difference if air started at 600 K: **
I think the pressure changed about 169 N/m^2 which would equate to about .5 Kelvin.
At 10 cm, the pressure rose 1.1% so the volume should have decreased 1.1% according to the inverse proportion of the pressure and temperature relationship.
I believe the volume would change accordingly, at a decrease of 1.1%.
If the pressure remained constant, the temperature would have to decrease for the volume to decrease which would be by the same amount.
The volume should double.
My reasoning comes about by the pressure, volume and temperature relationships.
** Why weren't we concerned with changes in gas volume with the vertical tube? **
We didn't worry about the volume because the temperature was affecting the pressure. We wanted to experience the change in pressure because of the change in temperature. So if the pressure increased, the volume was going to decrease but it didn't matter as far as our experiment was concerned.
Various air currents in the room would have caused some erroneous readings. Actually for the difference in my readings, I was expecting to a slight change in the temperature even though I didn't notice much.
** Pressure change to raise water 6 cm, necessary temperature change in vicinity of 300 K, temperature change required to increase 3 L volume by .7 cm^3: **
I believe it would need . 4% increase or about 405 N/m^2.
Temperature increase of about 1.2 Kelvin.
I think I have gotten completely lost in this question.
** The effect of a 1 degree temperature increase on the water column in a vertical tube, in a horizontal tube, and the slope required to halve the preceding result: **
The change would be approx 3 cm.
I'm just as lost on this as the previous question.
** Optional additional comments and/or questions: **
four and 1/2 hours
** **
I have missed something on the rise in pressure will lift the water a certain amount in a column. At work I guesstimate that 1 foot above the floor level is approx. 1/2 psi for working with how much pumps need to pump. Earlier in the lab it was mentioned that 1 Kelvin increase in temperature would result in approx 3 cm rise in the vertical tube of water. Where can I find the info to support this? I think its in the book somewhere. If you could point me in the direction a little bit I would appreciate it.
You're obviously familiar with this sort of stuff and won't have any trouble with the explanations in the link below. No need for a revision unless you have additional questions on the details.
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