query19

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course mth173

4/27 7:47pm

019. `query 19

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Question: `qQuery problem 3.4.27 was 3.4.29 (3d edition 3.4.20) was 4.4.12 Derivative of `sqrt( (x^2*5^x)^3

What is the derivative of the given function?

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Your solution:

convert it into (x^2 * 5^x) ^ (3/2)

then treat as composite

f(x) = x^(3/2)

g(x)= x^2 * 5^x

we need to use the product rule on g(x)

f * g' + f' * g

g'(x)= x^2 * 5^x * ln(5) + 2x * 5^x

g'(x)=5^x(x^2ln(5) + 2x)

f'(x)= (3/2)x^(1/2)

f'(g(x))= 3/2(x^2 * 5^x)^1/2

f'(g(x)) * g'(x)

(3/2)(x^2 * 5^x)^(1/2) * 5^x(2x+x^2ln(5))

(3/2) * |x| * 5^((1/2)x) * 5^x(2x+x^2ln(5))

confidence rating #$&*:1

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Given Solution:

`a** The function is `sqrt( (x^2 * 5^x)^3 ) = (x^2 * 5^x)^(3/2).

This is of form f(g(x)) with g(x) = x^2 * 5^x and f(z) = z^(3/2). Thus when you substitute you get f(g(x)) = g(x)^(3/2) = (x^2 * 5^x)^(3/2).

(x^2 * 5^x) ' = (x^2)' * 5^x + x^2 * (5^x) ' =

2x * 5^x + x^2 ln 5 * 5^x =

(2x + x^2 ln 5) * 5^x.

`sqrt(z^3) = z^(3/2), so using w(x) = f(g(x)) with f(z) = z^(3/2) and g(x) = x^2 * 5^x we get

w ' = (2x + x^2 ln 5) * 5^x * [3/2 (x^2 * 5^x)^(1/2)] = 3/2 (2x + x^2 ln 5) * | x | * 5^(1/2 x).

Note that sqrt(x^2) is | x |, not just x, since the square root must be positive and x might not be. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

unsure if I got that right

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Self-critique Rating:1

@&

You got it.

*@

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Question: `qQuery problem 3.4.26 was 3.4.28 (3d edition 3.4.19) (was 4.4.20) derivative of 2^(5t-1).

What is the derivative of the given function?

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Your solution:

f(x)= 2^x

g(t)= 5t-1

g'(x)=5

f'(x)=ln(2) * 2^x

f'(g(t))=ln(2) * 2^(5t-1)

f'(g(x) * g'(x)

ln(2) * 2^(5t-1) * 5

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

`aThis function is a composite. The inner function is g(x)=5t-1 and the outer function is f(z)=2^z.

f'(z)=ln(2) * 2^z.

g ' (x)=5

so

(f(g(t)) ' = g ' (t)f ' (g(t))=

5 ln(2) * 2^(5t-1).

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Self-critique Rating:OK

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Question: `q**** Query 3.4.67 was 3.4.68 (3d edition 3.4.56) y = k (x), y ' (1) = 2.

What is the derivative of k(2x) when x = 1/2?

What is the derivative of k(x+1) when x = 0?

{]What is the derivative of k(x/4) when x = 4?

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Your solution:

???????I had a very hard time with this problem, I would like a bit of elaboration and explanation on it.

?????I also dont understand why it says y=k(x), what is the point of information, doesnt that just mean we can interchange k(x) and y, so saying K(2x) means the answer is equal to y.

k(2x)=y

k'(2x)=y' ??????it feels like this is that one that confused me, a function being inside itself, so the derivative was something like x'f(x), I couldnt make much sense of it.

@&

If you say that y = k(x) then say that y = k(2x) you are using y to stand for two different things.

k(2x) is a different function than k(x), and gives you different values.

For example if y = k(x) = x^2, then k(2x) = (2x)^2 = 4 x^2, which is a very different function than k(x).

*@

@&

k(2x) is a composite functiony = k(g(x)), where g(x) = 2x. So its derivative, by the chain rule, is

(k(2x)) ' = g ' (x) * k ' (g(x))

Since g(x) = 2 x, g ' (x) = 2 and we get

(k(2x)) ' = 2 * k ' (2x).

*@

if it was k(x), part of it would be x'k(x)...so i guess (2x)'k'(2x) would be reasonable.

(2x)'=2

k'(2x) cant be simplified

2k'(2x)

???I do not know what I am doing from here...and what I have done is hazy.

confidence rating #$&*:0

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Given Solution:

`a** We apply the Chain Rule:

( k(2x) ) ' = (2x) ' * k'(2x) = 2 k(2x).

When x = 1/2 we have 2x = 1.

k ' (1) = y ' (1) = 2 so

when x = 1/2

( k(2x) ) ' = 2 k(2 * 1/2) = 2 * k'(1) = 2 * 2 = 4.

(k(x+1)) ' = (x+1)' k ' (x+1) = k ' (x+1) so

when x = 0 we have

(k(x+1) ) ' = k ' (x+1) = k ' (1) = 2

(k(x/4)) ' = (x/4)' k'(x/4) = 1/4 * k'(x/4) so when x = 4 we have

(k(x/4))' = 1/4 * k'(x/4) = 1/4 k'(4/4) = 1/4 * 2 = 1/2. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I don't understand this problem very well still.

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Self-critique Rating:0

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Question: `qQuery 3.4.81 (3d edition 3.4.68). Q = Q0 e^(-t/(RC)). I = dQ/dt.

Show that Q(t) and I(t) both have the same time constant.

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Your solution:

The first one looks like the compound interest, but I do not understand how to do the problem. I also do not know what RC is. is this the rate?

confidence rating #$&*:0

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Given Solution:

`a** We use the Chain Rule.

(e^(-t/(RC)))' = (-t/(RC))' * e^(-t/(RC)) = -1/(RC) * e^(-t/(RC)).

So dQ/dt = -Q0/(RC) * e^(-t/(RC)).

Both functions are equal to a constant factor multiplied by e^(-t/(RC)).

The time constant for both functions is therefore identical, and equal to RC. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I see what you did i think

f(x)= e^x

g(x)= -t/RC

I do not know however, how I could know to do this.

what is dQ/dt= is this the derivative, or the average rate of change?

@&

`dQ / `dt would stand for the change in Q divided by the change in t, and would be an average rate of change.

dQ/dt is what you get when you take the limit as `dt -> 0, the instantaneous rate of change of Q with respect to t. This is, of course, the derivative of Q with respect to t.

*@

also, what exactly does this statement mean ""Both functions are equal to a constant factor multiplied by e^(-t/(RC)).""

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Self-critique Rating:0

@&

The time constant of an exponential function of the form

(constant value) * e^(-t / (RC) )

is RC.

Q = Q0 e^(-t / (RC) )

is RC, since this function is equal to the constant value Q0 multiplied by e^(-t/ (RC) ).

If you calculate the derivative dQ/dt, you get

-Q0/(RC) * e^(-t/(RC)),

which is also of the stated form as the multiple of the constant factor -Q0 / (R C) and e^(-t / (RC) ).

So I = dQ/dt has the same time constant as the given Q function.

*@

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Question: `qQuery problem 3.5.5 (unchanged since 3d edition) (formerly 4.5.6). What is the derivative of sin(3x)

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Your solution:

sin(x)

derivative cos(x)

f(g(x))

f(x)=sin(x)

g(x)=3x

g'(x)=3

f'(x)=cos(x)

f'(g(x))=cos(3x)

3cos(3x)

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a** sin(3x) is the composite of g(x) = 3x, which is the 'inner' function (the first function that operates on the variable x) and the 'outer' function f(z) = sin(z).

Thus f(g(x)) = sin(g(x)) = sin(3x).

The derivative is (f (g(x) ) ' = g ' (x) * f' ( g(x) ).

g ' (x) = (3x) ' = 3 * x ' = 3 ', and

f ' (z) = (sin(z) ) ' = cos(z).

So the derivative is [ sin(3x) ] ' = ( f(g(x) ) ' = g ' (x) * f ' (g(x) ) = 3 * cos(3x). **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Self-critique Rating:OK

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Question: `qQuery problem 3.5.50 was 3.5.48 (3d edition 3.5.50) (formerly 4.5.36). Give the equations of the tangent lines to graph of y = sin(x) at x = 0 and at `pi/3

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Your solution:

sin(0)=0

x=0, y=0

y'=cos(0)=1

slope is 1 ????? why is this. because the derivative is rate of change, and so for a consistant line, would be slope, m, and and is what is used for y-y1=m(x-x1)

x=PI/3 y=about .866025403

y'=cos(PI/3)=.5

y-0=1(x-0)

y=x

y-.866025403=.5(x-(PI/3))

y-.866025403=1/2x-PI/6

about

y=1/2x + .342426627

confidence rating #$&*:2

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Given Solution:

`a** At x = 0 we have y = 0 and y ' = cos(0) = 1.

The tangent line is therefore the line with slope 1 through (0,0), so the line is y - 0 = 1 ( x - 0) or just y = x.

At x = `pi/3 we have y = sin(`pi/3) = `sqrt(3) / 2 and y ' = cos(`pi/3) = .5.

Thus the tangent line has slope .5 and passes thru (`pi/3,`sqrt(3)/2), so its equation is

y - `sqrt(3)/2 = .5 (x - `pi/3)

y = .5 x - `pi/6 + `sqrt(3)/2. Approximating:

y - .87 = .5 x - .52. So

y = .5 x + .25, approx.

Our approximation to sin(`pi/6), based on the first tangent line:

The first tangent line is y = x. So the approximation at x = `pi / 6 is

y = `pi / 6 = 3.14 / 6 = .52, approximately.

Our approximation to sin(`pi/6), based on the second tangent line, is:

y = .5 * .52 + .34 = .60.

`pi/6 is equidistant from x=0 and x=`pi/3, so we might expect the accuracy to be the same whichever point we use.

The actual value of sin(`pi/6) is .5. The approximation based on the tangent line at x = 0 is .52, which is much closer to .5 than the .60 based on the tangent line at x = `pi/3.

The reason for this isn't too difficult to see. The slope is changing more quickly around x = `pi/3 than around x = 0. Thus the tangent line will move more rapidly away from the actual function near x = `pi/3 than near x = 0. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Self-critique Rating:OK

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Question: `qQuery 3.5.34 (3d edition 3.5.40). Der of sin(sin x + cos x)

What is the derivative of the given function and how did you find it?

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Your solution:

f(x)= sin(x)

g(x)= sin(x) + cos(x)

f'(x)=cos(x)

g'(x)=cos(x)-sin(x)

f'(g(x))=cos(cos(x)-sin(x) )

f'(g(x)) + g'(x)

cos(cos(x)-sin(x) ) + cos(x)-sin(x)

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

`aThe function y = sin( sin(x) + cos(x) ) is the composite of g(x) = sin(x) + cos(x) and f(z) = sin(z).

The derivative of the composite is g ' (x) * f ' (g(x) ).

g ' (x) = (sin(x) + cos(x) ) ' = cos(x) - sin(x).

f ' (z) = sin(z) ' = cos(z).

So g ' (x) * f ' (g(x)) = ( cos(x) - sin(x) ) * cos( sin(x) + cos(x) ).

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Self-critique Rating:OK

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Question: `qQuery Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment."

Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating:

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Question: `qQuery Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment."

Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating:

#*&!

&#Your work looks good. See my notes. Let me know if you have any questions. &#