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assignment #013

013. Applications of the Chain Rule

11-02-2007

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14:35:09

`qNote that there are 4 questions in this assignment.

`q001. The Fahrenheit temperature T of a potato just taken

from the oven is given by the function T(t) = 70 + 120 e^(-

.1 t), where t is the time in minutes since the potato was

removed from the oven. At what rate is the temperature

changing at t = 5?

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RESPONSE -->

1st take the dervivative

'dy(70)= 0

'dy(120e'(-.1t))= -12e^(-.1t)

plug in 5 for t, you get -7.3 degrees/min

confidence assessment: 3

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14:38:06

The rate of temperature change is given by the derivative

function ( T ( t ) ) ', also written T ' (t).

Since T(t) is the sum of the constant function 70, whose

derivative is zero, and 120 times the composite function e^(-

.1 t), whose derivative is -.1 e^(-.1 t), we see that T '

(t) = 120 * ( -.1 e^(-.1 t) ) = -12 e^(-.1 t).

Note that e^(-.1 t) is the composite of f(z) = e^z and g(t)

= -.1 t, and that its derivative is therefore found using

the chain rule.

When t = 5, we have T ' (5) = -12 e^(-.1 * 5 ) = -12 e^-.5

= -7.3, approx.. This represents rate = change in T /

change in t in units of degrees / minute, so at t = 5

minutes the temperature is changing by -7.3 degrees/minute.

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RESPONSE -->

here's what i dont understand: the rules state that if

y=e^x, then y'=e^x

so where does this come from- 120(-.1e^(-.1t))

where is the -.1 in front of the e coming from?

i dont remember what the chain rule is, and im not sure how

it would be applicable here.

self critique assessment: 2

You need to review q_a_11, in which you were introduced to the product rule, quotient rule and chain rule. I believe my note on that q_a_ recommended that you rework it, starting with the product rule. You didn't really get it the first time around, but you will the second.

The chain rule tells you the (f(g(x)) ' = g ' (x) * f ' (g(x)).

e^(-.1 t) is of the form f(g(x)) for g(x) = -.1 t and f(z) = e^z. So (g ' (x) ) = (-.1t) ' = -.1 and f ' (z) = (e^z) ' = e^z, and the derivative is

(f(g(x)) ' = g ' (x) * f ' (g(x)) = -.1 * e^(g(x)) = -.1 * e^(-.1 t).

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14:41:45

`q002. The weight in grams of a growing plant is closely

modeled by the function W(t) = .01 e^(.3 t ), where t is the

number of days since the seed germinated. At what rate is

the weight of the plant changing when t = 10?

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RESPONSE -->

okay, im not sure if i have the correct dy, but:

y'=.003e^(.3t) y'= .060 grams/day

confidence assessment: 2

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14:42:34

The rate of change of weight is given by the derivative

function ( W ( t ) ) ', also written W ' (t).

Since W(t) is .01 times the composite function e^(.3 t),

whose derivative is .3 e^(.3 t), we see that W ' (t) = .01 *

( .3 e^(.3 t) ) = .003 e^(.3 t).

Note that e^(.3 t) is the composite of f(z) = e^z and g(t)

= .3 t, and that its derivative is therefore found using the

chain rule.

When t = 10 we have W ' (10) = .003 e^(.3 * 10) = .03 e^(3)

= .06. Since W is given in grams and t in days, W ' will

represent change in weight / change in clock time, measured

in grams / day.

Thus at t = 10 days the weight is changing by .06 grams /

day.

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RESPONSE -->

okay again i have the correct deriv, but i dont understand

about the compostie f(x) or the chain rule

self critique assessment: 2

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14:45:21

`q003. The height above the ground, in feet, of a child in

a Ferris wheel is given by y(t) = 6 + 40 sin ( .2 t - 1.6 ),

where t is clock time in seconds. At what rate is the

child's height changing at the instant t = 10?

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RESPONSE -->

not sure about the deriv

y'=40cos(.2t-1.6)

y'=36.84 ft/s

confidence assessment: 2

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14:52:39

The rate of change of altitude is given by the derivative

function ( y ( t ) ) ', also written y ' (t).

Since y(t) is the sum of the constant term 6, with

derivative zero, and 40 times the composite function sin (.2

t - 1.6), whose derivative is .2 cos(.2 t - 1.6), we see

that y ' (t) = 40 * ( .2 cos(.2 t - 1.6) ) = 8 cos(.2 t -

1.6).

Note that sin(.2t - 1.6) is the composite of f(z) = sin(z)

and g(t) = .2 t - 1.6, and that its derivative is therefore

found using the chain rule.

Thus at t = 10 seconds we have rate y ' (10) = 8 cos( .2 *

10 - 1.6) = 8 cos( .4) = 7.4, approx.. Since y represents

altitude in feet and t represents clock time in seconds,

this represents 7.4 feet per second. The child is rising at

7.4 feet per second when t = 10 sec.

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RESPONSE -->

i dont understand why y'=.2cos(.2t-1.6) instead of y'=cos

(.2t-1.6)

self critique assessment: 1

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14:53:39

`q004. The grade point average of a certain group of

students seems to be modeled as a function of weekly study

time by G(t) = ( 10 + 3t ) / (20 + t ) + `sqrt( t / 60 ).

At what rate does the grade point average go up as study

time is added for a typical student who spends 40 hours per

week studying? Without calculating G(40.5), estimate how

much the grade point average for this student would go up if

she spend another 1/2 hour per week studying.

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RESPONSE -->

no clue

confidence assessment: 0

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15:06:52

The rate of change of grade point average is given by the

derivative function ( G ( t ) ) ', also written G ' (t).

Since G(t) is the sum of the quotient function (10 + 3 t ) /

( 20 + t), with derivative 50 / ( 20 + t ) ^ 2, and the

composite function `sqrt( t / 60) , whose derivative is 1 /

(120 `sqrt( t / 60) ), we see that G ' (t) = 50 / ( 20 + t )

^ 2 + 1 / (120 `sqrt( t / 60) ).

Note that `sqrt(t / 60) is the composite of f(z) = `sqrt(z)

and g(t) = t / 60, and that its derivative is therefore

found using the chain rule.

Thus if t = 40 we have rate G ' (40) = 50 / ( 20 + 40 ) ^ 2

+ 1 / (120 `sqrt( 40 / 60) ) = .024, approx.. Since G

represents grade point and t represents weekly study time in

hours, this represents .024 grade points per hour of weekly

study time. The grade point is rising by .024 per

additional hour of study.

To estimate G(40.5) we assume that the .024 grade point rise

per additional hour of study time remains valid as we

increase study time from 40 to 40.5 hours. This is in

increase of .5 hours in weekly study time so we would expect

the grade point to go up by

grade point change = .5 hours * .024 points / hour = .012

points.

Since G(40) = ( 10 + 3 * 40) / (20 + 40) + `sqrt( 40 / 60) =

2.97 approx, the additional half-hour per week will tend to

raise this by .012 to around 2.97. If the student is aiming

for a 3-point, a couple more hours would do but the .5 hours

won't.

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RESPONSE -->

i think i need a refresher on the chain rule and also how to

find the deriv if you are dividing or multiplying f(x)

self critique assessment: 0

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I gave you a note on the first problem, but what you really need to do is go back to q_a_11 and learn the product, quotient and chain rules. See my notes. I really don't think q_a_11 will give you much trouble if you repeat it as recommended; then revisit this assignment.