Your initial message (if any):
Is flow rate increasing, decreasing, etc.?
I would expect flow rate to decrease, because as time passes, the amount of water in the cylinder decreases, thus not as much water is pushing down, so the flow rate will slightly decreases due to less pressure.
Is the velocity of the water surface increasing, decreasing, etc.?
The velocity of the water would stay the same. This is because the tension on the surface of the water never changes, because the diameter of the cylinder is the same.
How would the velocity of the water surface, the velocity of the exiting water, the diameter of the cylinder and the diameter of the hole be interrelated?
The velocity of water surface is directly related to the diameter of the cylinder. The amount of water exiting is directly related to the diameter of the hole.
Explain how we know that a change in velocity implies the action of a force:
This is the movement in the water, it is leaving the cylinder once acceleration increases
Does the depth seem to be changing at a regular rate, at a faster and faster rate, or at a slower and slower rate
Gravity is the nature of the force. I think the depth seems to be changing at a slower rate, because it is pulling down on less weight of water as time passes.
What do you think a graph of depth vs. time would look like?
It would be an upside down hyperbolia. With the y axis being time and the x axis being depth.
Does the horizontal distance (the distance to the right, ignoring the up and down distance) traveled by the stream increase or decrease as time goes on?
The horizontal distance decreases as time goes on
Does this distance change at an increasing, decreasing or steady rate?
This change occurs at a steady rate.
What do you think a graph of this horizontal distance vs. time would look like?
The graph would start out high next to the y axis and decrease as it approaches the x axis. With the y axis being time and the x axis being horizontal distance.
The contents of TIMER program as you submitted them:
1 166.9531 166.9531
2 169.8125 2.859375
3 172.8594 3.046875
4 175.7813 2.921875
5 178.8594 3.078125
6 182.1875 3.328125
7 185.7656 3.578125
8 189.5 3.734375
9 192.9688 3.46875
10 197.2188 4.25
11 201.4063 4.1875
12 206.1875 4.78125
13 208.2969 2.109375
The vertical positions of the large marks as you reported them, relative to the center of the outflow hole
0.7
2.8
4.8
6.7
8.7
10.7
12.5
14.4
16.2
18.1
20
21.8
Your table for depth (in cm) vs clock time (in seconds)
0, 21.8
2.86, 20
3.04, 18.1
2.92, 16.2
3.08, 14.4
3.33, 12.5
3.58, 10.7
3.74, 8.7
3.45, 6.7
4.25, 4.8
4.19, 2.8
4.78, 0.7
2.11, drip
It looks like you have reported depth vs. time interval, not depth vs. clock time. If these are intervals, then the clock ran for about 30 or 40 seconds, and your clock times should run from 0 to something in the 30's.
Is the depth changing at a regular rate, at a faster and faster rate, or at a slower and slower rate?
It supports the answers that I gave above. The depth is changing at a slower rate.
Your description of your depth vs. t graph:
The graph is decreasing at a decreasing rate. With time on the x axis and depth on the y axis.
This does correctly describe the behavior of the requested graph.
However if you were to graph the depth vs. t values you gave previously, the horizontal axis would go only from 0 to 4.78 and the graph would be decreasing at an increasing rate. This would be a graph of depth vs. time interval, not depth vs. t.
It looks like you did the graph correctly. You just didn't give the correct t values in your table.
Your explanation and list of average average velocities:
I got the velocity by taking the differnce in the depths in one time the next and dividing them by the amount of clock time between the two depths. Velocity is measured in cm/sec.
0.63
0.63
0.65
0.58
0.57
0.50
0.53
0.58
0.44
0.48
0.44
The midpoints of your time intervals and how you obtained them:
1.43
1.52
1.46
1.54
1.67
1.79
1.87
1.73
2.13
2.10
2.39
A time interval runs from one clock time to another. The midpoint of a time interval is the clock time in the middle, not half of the duration of the time interval itself.
Your table of average velocity of water surface vs. clock time:
0.63, 1.43
0.63, 2.95
0.65, 4.41
0.58, 5.95
0.57, 7.62
0.50, 9.41
0.53, 11.28
0.58, 13.01
0.44, 15.14
0.48, 17.24
0.44, 19.63
The clock keeps running. Clock times will increase and the midpoint of the last interval will run somewhere in the 30's. The midpoint of the last interval won't be 19.63 seconds.
Your description of your graph of average velocity vs clock time:
The graph is decreasing over time, but not at a standard rate. Every couple of points, there is a slight peak.
Your explanation of how acceleration values were obtained:
I got the acceleration value by taking the velocity and dividing by the time interval
Your acceleration vs clock time table:
1.43, 0.44
1.52, 0.41
1.46, 0.45
1.45, 0.38
1.67, 0.34
1.79, 0.28
1.87, 0.28
1.73, 0.34
2.13, 0.21
2.10, 0.29
2.39, 0.18
acceleration is change in velocity / change in clock time. You aren't far off dividing by the time interval, though you should be dividing by the difference in the midpoint clock times. However you used velocity where you should have used change in velocity.
According to the evidence here, is acceleration increasing, decreasing, staying the same or is in not possible to tell?
The acceleration of the water surface is decreasing as time passes and my results show that.
Yes I think the acceleration of water is actually decreasing because there is less pressure of water pushing down as time passes, thus making a slower acceleration as time passes.
You appear to have good data. However you do have some errors in your analysis.
Send me a copy of your corrected data table for depth vs. clock time. Then give corrected tables for midpoint velocity vs. clock time and acceleration vs. clock time, including an explanation of how you obtained each. If you have questions or need clarification I'll be glad to answer.