Your 'bottle thermometer' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
Your optional message or comment:
What happens when you pull water up into the vertical tube then remove the tube from your mouth?
The water will fall back down into the container. The length of the air column at the end of the pressure-indicating tube will decrease because more air will be flowing out of the tube as water comes into it.
What happens when you remove the pressure-release cap?
Air would escape from the system because you are taking pressure off the system by removing the cap. Yes, I would expect this; when you open a soda bottle, pressure is released as air escapes from the bottle. The water would go back down when pressure is released.
What happened when you blew a little air into the bottle?
Blowing into the vertical tube puts more pressure on the system. That is why you see a rise in the pressure-indicating tube.
The length changed in the pressure indicating tube because the pressure in the bottle changed, forcing the water up the tube.
No the air column did not move back to the original position when my mouth was removed. It may have moved very slightly when I did so.
The water stayed at the position it was in when I was blowing on the other tube.
This happened because pressure changed and forced the water upward and when I removed my mouth the pressure stayed the same. I thought the water would fill into the tube faster; I also thought that the water would have gone back into the bottle when I removed my mouth.
Your estimate of the pressure difference due to a 1% change in pressure, the corresponding change in air column height, and the required change in air temperature:
1000 N/m^2
10 cm
15%
I got these numbers by converting between kPa and N/m^2 and then dividing by 100. Then for the next number I took 100000 and divided by 100 in order to get 10cm. For the change in temp I said the temp might change by 2 or 3 degrees so I took room temp plus that and divided by the 2-3 degree change.
Your estimate of degrees of temperature change, amount of pressure change and change in vertical position of water column for 1% temperature change:
5 F
100kPa
2cm
I got these because 1 F=2 cm; therefore 5 F=10 cm which equals 1% change and 10cm=100kPa.
The temperature change corresponding to a 1 cm difference in water column height, and to a 1 mm change:
0.5F
0.005F
I got these by using that 1 F=2 cm; then I divided to get the other numbers.
water column position (cm) vs. thermometer temperature (Celsius)
20, 22
20,22
20,22
20.1, 22
20.1,22.1
20.1, 22
20.1, 22.1
20.1, 22.1
20.1, 22.1
20.1, 22
20.1, 22
20, 22.1
20,22.1
20, 22
20,22.2
20.1, 22.2
20.1, 22.2
20, 22.1
20, 22
20,22
Trend of temperatures; estimates of maximum deviation of temperature based on both air column and alcohol thermometer.
My temp did not change by more than 0.1 degrees, so my water did not fluctuate much. But, had my temp changed, lke, if it increase in temp, so would the water level and vise versa if it decreased. 0.1 degrees is the max deviation in temp.
Water column heights after pouring warm water over the bottle:
When hot water was poured over the bottle, the water in the column raised a bit.
It increased by about 4cm when hot water was poured over it, it took about a 1 min 15 sec for the water level to go back to normal.
Response of the system to indirect thermal energy from your hands:
When I held my hands close to the bottle for about a min, the water level in the tube raised about 1 cm. Remembering that body heat is about 98.7 F thus we are releasing a portion of that heat.
position of meniscus in horizontal tube vs. alcohol thermometer temperature at 30-second intervals
15, 22.5
15.1, 22.5
15, 22.5
15, 22.4
15,22.4
15.1, 22.5
15.1, 22.5
15.1, 22.5
15.1, 22.6
15.1, 22.6
What happened to the position of the meniscus in the horizontal tube when you held your warm hands near the container?
17, 22.5
17.4, 22.5
17.6. 22.5
17.8, 22.4
17.9, 22.4
18, 22.5
18.2, 22.5
18.4, 22.5
18.4, 22.5
18.4, 22.4
Pressure change due to movement of water in horizonal tube, volume change due to 10 cm change in water position, percent change in air volume, change in temperature, difference if air started at 600 K:
It took less pressure across the horizontal section.
70.7 cm^3
3.53%
35 degrees
It would be half the previous answer.
I got these by taking V=r^2*pi*L. Then I converted liters into milliliters and then took the volume and divided by the total content of the bottle, and for temp 1degree=2cm to find them.
Why weren't we concerned with changes in gas volume with the vertical tube?
No, because air is lighter and more easily compressible so air can change volume faster.
Pressure change to raise water 6 cm, necessary temperature change in vicinity of 300 K, temperature change required to increase 3 L volume by .7 cm^3:
60N/m^2
3 K
0.35K
The effect of a 1 degree temperature increase on the water column in a vertical tube, in a horizontal tube, and the slope required to halve the preceding result:
10 cm
20 cm
45 degree slope
Optional additional comments and/or questions:
Good. Let me know if you have questions.