QA006

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course Mth 173

6/28 10:33

006. goin' the other way*********************************************

Question: `qNote that there are 7 questions in this assignment.

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Question: `q001. If the water and a certain cylinder is changing depth at a rate of -4 cm/sec at the t = 20 second instant, at which instant the depth is 80 cm, then approximately what do you expect the depth will be at the t = 21 second instant?

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Your solution:

Using the changing depth rate -4cm/s and observing that t = 21 is 1 second more than t - 20 than we can calculate that

y(20) = 80cm

y(21) = 80cm - 4cm = 76cm

confidence rating #$&*: Confident

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Given Solution:

`aAt a rate of -4 cm/s, for the 1-second interval between t = 20 s and t = 21 s the change in depth would be -4 cm/s * 1 sec = -4 cm. If the depth was 80 cm at t = 20 sec, the depth at t = 21 sec would be 80 cm - 4 cm/ = 76 cm.

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Question: `q002. Using the same information, what the you expect the depth will be depth at the t = 30 sec instant? Do you think this estimate is more or less accurate than the estimate you made for the t = 21 second instant?

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Your solution:

From t = 20 => t = 30, 10 secs pasted.

Using the rate 4cm/s you can calculate that

4cm/sec * 10 sec = 40cm (The seconds cancel)

80cm - 40cm = 40cm

I believe that the estimate is less accurate because water does not drain from the hole at a constant rate. So the farther from the original calculation you get the more off the rate of change will be.

confidence rating #$&*: Confident

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Given Solution:

`aAt - 4 cm/s, during the 10-second interval between t = 20 sec and t = 30 sec we would expect a depth change of -4 cm/sec * 10 sec = -40 cm, which would result in a t = 30 sec depth of 80 cm - 40 cm = 40 cm.

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Question: `q003. If you know that the depth in the preceding example is changing at the rate of -3 cm/s at the t = 30 sec instant, how will this change your estimate for the depth at t = 30 seconds--i.e., will your estimate be the same as before, will you estimate a greater change in depth or a lesser change in depth?

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Your solution:

There would be a lesser change in depth because over the course of the 10 seconds the rate of change went from 4cm/s to 3cm/s.

confidence rating #$&*: Confident

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Given Solution:

`aSince the rate of depth change has changed from -4 cm / s at t = 20 s to -3 cm / s at t = 30 s, we conclude that the depth probably wouldn't change as much has before.

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Question: `q004. What is your specific estimate of the depth at t = 30 seconds?

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Your solution:

I calculated that between 20s and 30s every single sec the depth rate decreases by .10 (1/10) of a cm.

21s - 3.9cm/s

22s - 3.8cm/s

.

.

30s - 3.0cm/s

= 34.5cm of water lose

The depth would be 45.5.

confidence rating #$&*: Confident

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Given Solution:

`aKnowing that at t = 20 sec the rate is -4 cm/s, and at t = 30 sec the rate is -3 cm/s, we could reasonably conjecture that the approximate average rate of change between these to clock times must be about -3.5 cm/s. Over the 10-second interval between t = 20 s and t = 30 s, this would result in a depth change of -3.5 cm/s * 10 sec = -35 cm, and a t = 30 s depth of 80 cm - 35 cm = 45 cm.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I came to my conclusion a different way, but our answers a practically identical.

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Question: `q005. If we have a uniform cylinder with a uniformly sized hole from which water is leaking, so that the quadratic model is very nearly a precise model of what actually happens, then the prediction that the depth will change and average rate of -3.5 cm/sec is accurate. This is because the rate at which the water depth changes will in this case be a linear function of clock time, and the average value of a linear function between two clock times must be equal to the average of its values at those to clock times.

If y is the function that tells us the depth of the water as a function of clock time, then we let y ' stand for the function that tells us the rate at which depth changes as a function of clock time.

If the rate at which depth changes is accurately modeled by the linear function y ' = .1 t - 6, with t in sec and y in cm/s, verify that the rates at t = 20 sec and t = 30 sec are indeed -4 cm/s and -3 cm/s.

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Your solution:

y’(20) = .1 * 20 - 6 = -4cm/s

y’ (30) = .1 * 30 - 6 = -3cm/s

confidence rating #$&*: Confident

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Given Solution:

`aAt t = 20 sec, we evaluate y ' to obtain y ' = .1 ( 20 sec) - 6 = 2 - 6 = -4, representing -4 cm/s.

At t = 30 sec, we evaluate y' to obtain y' = .1 ( 30 sec) - 6 = 3 - 6 = -3, representing -3 cm/s.

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Question: `q006. For the rate function y ' = .1 t - 6, at what clock time does the rate of depth change first equal zero?

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Your solution:

y’ = .1t - 6

0 = .1t - 6

Add + to both sides

6 = .1t

Divide both sides by .1t

t = 60

confidence rating #$&*: Confident

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Given Solution:

`aThe rate of depth change is first equal to zero when y ' = .1 t - 6 = 0. This equation is easily solved to see that t = 60 sec.

STUDENT COMMENT

This was pretty straight forward, I could look at it and figure out the time to find zero, but if the times were not spaced

out by ten second intervals the finding of zero would be hard to do.

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

If you write down the equation and solve it, it works out easily enough.

For example if the equation was .07 t - 12 = 0, you would add 12 to both sides then divide by .07 to get t = 12 / .07, which is approximately 170.

Of course if the equation is more difficult (e.g an equation like .02 t^2 + 4.2 t^2 - t + 9 = 0) it gets harder to solve for t, and it doesn't take much to come up the an equation that's impossible to solve. But the linear equation of this problem wouldn't be difficult.

You will in any case be expected to be able to solve linear and quadratic equations.

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Question: `q007. How much depth change is there between t = 20 sec and the time at which depth stops changing?

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Your solution:

y’ = .1t -6

y’(20) = -4

y’(60) = 0

-4 + 0 = -4

-4 / 2 = -2

60 - 20 = 40

-2 * 40 = -80

There is a -80cm depth change.

confidence rating #$&*: Confident

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Given Solution:

`aThe rate of depth change at t = 20 sec is - 4 cm/s; at t = 60 sec the rate is 0 cm/s. The average rate at which depth changes during this 40-second interval is therefore the average of -4 cm/s and 0 cm/s, or -2 cm/s.

At an average rate of -2 cm/s for 40 s, the depth change will be -80 cm. Starting at 80 cm when t = 20 sec, we see that the depth at t = 60 is therefore 80 cm - 80 cm = 0.

STUDENT QUESTION

I dont totally understand where the 2 cm/s comes from.

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

The two rates -4 cm/s and 0 cm/s, calculated from the given rate function, are applicable to the interval between t = 20 sec and t = 60 sec.

The first is the rate at the beginning of the interval, and the second is the rate at the end of the interval.

Without additional information, our first conjecture would be that the average rate is the average of the initial and final rates. For different situations this conjecture might be more or less valid; in this case since the rate function is linear, it turns out that it is completely valid.

The average of the two rates -4 cm/s and 0 cm/s is -2 cm/s, and this is the rate we apply to our analysis of this interval.

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&#Your work looks good. Let me know if you have any questions. &#

course Mth 173

6/28 10:37 pm

quiz week 4 number 3 version 3 correction 2#$&*

course Mth 173

6/23 10:50 pm

quiz week 4 number 3 version 3 correction#$&*

course Mth 173

6/23 1:36 am

quiz week 4 number 3 version 3#$&*

course Mth 173

6/21 4:10 pm

Write the differential equation expressing the hypothesis that the rate of change of a population is proportional to the population P. Evaluate the proportionality constant if it is known that the when the population is 2627 its rate of change is known to be 400. If this is the t=0 state of the population, then approximately what will be the population at t = 1.4? What then will be the population at t = 2.8?

P(t) = k P

400 = k (2627)

K = .1523

1.4 = .1523 (P)

P = 9.19

2.8 = .1523 P

P= 18.38

???? I know this is not correct but I can’t find in my notes how to do this. Could you tell me where I could find this in your notes and help me with the concepts???

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Class Notes #'s 8 and 9 are directly related to this problem.

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dP / dt = k P

400 = k (2627)

K = .1523

dP / 1.4 = (.1253) P

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dP/dt is the instantaneous rate of change of P with respect to t.

It is not appropriate to use a finite time interval for dt.

You could however, after noting that you are approximating dP/dt by `dP / `dt, make the analogous substitution and find `dP accordingly.

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??? I know this isn’t right but I’m not sure where to plug in the 1.4 and 2.8 values? I reviewed the notes but I’m still unsure. Did I find the k value correctly?

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dP/dt is the rate at which the population changes with respect to clock time.

At t = 0 you know that the rate of change is

dP/dt = 400.

This agrees with what you would get if you substituted the t = 0 population into the differential equation

dP/dt = .1253 P.

You should check that this is so, and be sure you understand why.

Now if the rate of change of the population with respect to clock time remains 400, then what will be the change in population between t = 0 and t = 1.4?

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400 / 1.4 = .1253 P

400= .17542 P

P = 2280.24

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dP/dt is 400.

.1253 P = 400 at the initial instant.

Howeve dP/dt is not 400 / 1.4, and 400 / 1.4 is not equal to .1253 P.

You would use the value of dP/dt to find the approximate change `dP.

You would then add this change to the previous value of P.

dP /dt = 400

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400 * dt (1.4) = 560

560 + 2627 = 3187

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At t = 1.4, what is the new rate of change of the population? This can be calculated from the population at t = 1.4, and the differential equation dP/dt = .1253 P, which continues to apply.

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dP /dt = .1253 (2280.24)

dP/ dt = 285.7

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How much time elapses between t = 1.4 and t = 2.8?

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1.4 s

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What therefore will be the change in the population, and what will be the new population?

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dP / 1.4 = .1253 (2280.24)

dP = 399.9997008

2280.24 + 399.9997008 = 2680.239701

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See if my notes help clarify this.

Please submit a revision, and/or additional questions, using #### to mark insertions.

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