q_a_assignment4

course Phys 202

DZwΓ{_Շyassignment #004

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Physics II

06-23-2006

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12:19:23

query introset plug of water from cylinder given gauge pressure, c-s hole area, length of plug.

Explain how we can determine the velocity of exiting water, given the pressure difference between inside and outside, by considering a plug of known cross-sectional area and length?

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RESPONSE -->

Taking the cross-sectional area and multiply by the length gives the volume of the plug. V=A*L

Then using the volume of the plug and the density of water give you the mass. rho*V=m

To find the velocity, you have to start by using the work theory, W=force*distance. The force is pressure * area. W=P*A*L

The mass uses kinetic energy.Then using KE=1/2mv^2, plug in the numbers and equations.

P*A*L=1/2mv^2

v^2=2P/rho

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12:20:07

** The net force on the plug is P * A, where A is its cross-sectional area and P the pressure difference.

If L is the length of the plug then the net force P * A acts thru dist L doing work P * A * L. If init vel is 0 and there are no dissipative forces, this is the kinetic energy attained by the plug.

The volume of the plug is A * L so its mass is rho * A * L.

Thus we have mass rho * A * L with KE equal to P * A * L.

Setting .5 m v^2 = KE we have .5 rho A L v^2 = P A L so that v = sqrt( 2 P / rho). **

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RESPONSE -->

I got the same answer but I forgot to take the square root of the velocity.

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12:20:17

prin phy problem 10.3. Mass of air in room 4.8 m x 3.8 m x 2.8 m.

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RESPONSE -->

The volume of the room is 4.8m*3.8m*2.8m=51.0702m^3

m=rho*volume

rho=1.29kg/m^3

m=1.29kg/m^3*51.0702m^3=65.88kg

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12:21:10

The density of air at common atmospheric temperature and pressure it about 1.3 kg / m^3.

The volume of the room is 4.8 m * 3.8 m * 2.8 m = 51 m^3, approximately. The mass of the air in this room is therefore

mass = density * volume = 1.3 kg / m^3 * 51 m^3 = 66 kg, approximately.

This is a medium-sized room, and the mass is close to the average mass of a medium-sized person.

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RESPONSE -->

i got the same answer but I did not round the final answer. Are we suppose to always round to the nearest whole number?

The given information was all to 2 significant figures. Your answer should have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

The answers in the given solutions are always approximate, and not always to the correct number of significant figures.

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12:28:30

prin phy problem 10.8. Difference in blood pressure between head and feet of 1.60 m tell person.

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RESPONSE -->

dP=rho*g*h

rho=1.05*10^3kg/m^3

dP=1.05*10^3kg/m^3*9.8m/s^2*1.60m=16464N/m^2

1 mm-Hg=133N/m^2

16464N/m^2/133N/m^2=123.8mm-Hg

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12:33:36

The density of blood is close to that of water, 1000 kg / m^3. So the pressure difference corresponding to a height difference of 1.6 m is

pressure difference = rho g h = 1000 kg/m^3 * 9.80 m/s^2 * 1.60 m = 15600 kg / ( m s^2) = 15600 (kg m / s^2) / m^2 = 15600 N / m^2, or 15600 Pascals.

1 mm of mercury is 133 Pascals, so 15,600 Pa = 15,600 Pa * ( 1 mm of Hg / 133 Pa) = 117 mm of mercury.

Blood pressures are measured in mm of mercury; e.g. a blood pressure of 120 / 70 stands for a systolic pressure of 120 mm of mercury and a diastolic pressure of 70 mm of mercury.

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RESPONSE -->

Why was 1000 kg / m^3 used for density? There was a density in the book and I used it instead of trying to think about the fact it was close to the density of water ehich I didn't even know. I used a larger number which gave me a larger answer. When I converted it into mm Hg, I had a larger amount then the answer given.

The given solution was based on 1000 kg/m^3. Use of the more accurate 1050 kg / m^3 would modify the result accordingly. The given solutions are guidelines whose main goal is to demonstrate the process, and approximations are used liberally.

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13:18:33

prin phy and gen phy 10.25 spherical balloon rad 7.35 m total mass 930 kg, Helium => what buoyant force

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RESPONSE -->

the buoyant force has to be equal to the weight of the balloon and the cargo.

V=(4/3)*pi*r^3=(4/3)*pi*(7.35m)^3=1663m^3

buoyant force= Weight of the Helium+weight of the cargo and balloon

density of air*V* g=density of He*V*g+(mass of load+balloon)*g

1.29kg/m^3*1663m^3*9.8m/s^2=0.179kg/m^3*1663m^3*9.8m/s^2

21023.6=2917.2+ 9.8x+ 9114

8992.4=9.8x

mass=917.6kg

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13:31:16

** The volume of the balloon is about 4/3 pi r^3 = 1660 cubic meters and mass of air displaced is about 1.3 kg / m^3 * 1660 m^3 = 2160 kg.

The buoyant force is equal in magnitude to the force of gravity on the displaced air, or about 2160 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 20500 Newtons, approx.. If the total mass of the balloon, including helium, is 930 kg then the net force is about

buoyant force - weight = 20,500 N - 9100 N = 11,400 N

If the 930 kg doesn't include the helium we have to account also for the force of gravity on its mass. At about .18 kg/m^3 the 1660 m^3 of helium will have mass about 300 kg on which gravity exerts an approximate force of 2900 N, so the net force on the balloon would be around 11,400 N - 2900 N = 8500 N approx.

The mass that can be supported by this force is m = F / g = 8500 N / (9.8 m/s^2) = 870 kg, approx.. **

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RESPONSE -->

I got 1663m^3 and used 1.29 kg / m^3 instead of 1.3 kg / m^3. I also used 0.179kg/m^3 instead of .8kg/m^3. I worked through the problem step by step like the answer shows and using my numbers, I got the same answer I got the first time. Are we suppose to round all numbers like they do or are we ok by just using the numbers given?

The information you used was accurate to 3 significant figures, which would dictate a 3-significant-figure answer.

As before the solution process should be equivalent to the process of the given solution, as is the case here, but your numbers should generally be more accurate.

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13:31:18

univ 14.51 (14.55 10th edition) U tube with Hg, 15 cm water added, pressure at interface, vert separation of top of water and top of Hg where exposed to atmosphere.

Give your solution to this problem.

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RESPONSE -->

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13:31:21

** At the interface the pressure is that of the atmosphere plus 15 cm of water, or 1 atm + 1000 kg/m^3 * 9.8 m/s^2 * .15 m = 1 atm + 1470 Pa.

The 15 cm of water above the water-mercury interface must be balanced by the mercury above this level on the other side. Since mercury is 13.6 times denser than water there must therefore be 15 cm / (13.6) = 1.1 cm of mercury above this level on the other side. This leaves the top of the water column at 15 cm - 1.1 cm = 13.9 cm above the mercury-air interface.

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Here's an alternative solution using Bernoulli's equation, somewhat more rigorous and giving a broader context to the solution:

Comparing the interface between mercury and atmosphere with the interface between mercury and water we see that the pressure difference is 1470 Pa. Since velocity is zero we have P1 + rho g y1 = P2 + rho g y2, or

rho g (y1 - y2) = P2 - P1 = 1470 Pa.

Thus altitude difference between these two points is

y1 - y2 = 1470 Pa / (rho g) = 1470 Pa / (13600 kg/m^2 * 9.8 m/s^2) = .011 m approx. or about 1.1 cm.

The top of the mercury column exposed to air is thus 1.1 cm higher than the water-mercury interface. Since there are 15 cm of water above this interface the top of the water column is

15 cm - 1.1 cm = 13.9 cm

higher than the top of the mercury column.

NOTE BRIEF SOLN BY STUDENT:

Using Bernoullis Equation we come to:

'rho*g*y1='rho*g*y2

1*10^3*9.8*.15 =13.6*10^3*9.8*y2

y2=.011 m

h=y1-y2

h=.15-.011=.139m

h=13.9cm. **

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RESPONSE -->

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This looks very good. See my notes and let me know if you have questions.