q_a_assignmeant18

course Phy 202

Physics II07-25-2006

Your work has been received. Please scroll through the document to see any inserted notes (inserted at the appropriate place in the document, in boldface) and a note at the end. The note at the end of the file will confirm that the file has been reviewed; be sure to read that note. If there is no note at the end, notify the instructor through the Submit Work form, and include the date of the posting to your access page.

egХzW

assignment #018

CBybz

Physics II

07-25-2006

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:31:42

Principles of Physics and General Physics Problem 24.14: By what percent does the speed of red light

exceed that of violet light in flint glass?

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

The red is 700nm and the n=1.62. THe violet wavelength is 400nm and n=1.665.

1.665/1.62 =1.0278

the differance is about 2.78%.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:32:31

The respective indices of refraction for violet and red light in flint glass appear from the given graph to be

about 1.665 and 1.620.

The speed of light in a medium is inversely proportional to the index of refraction of that medium, so the

ratio of the speed of red to violet light is the inverse 1.665 / 1.62 of the ratio of the indices of refraction

(red to violet). This ratio is about 1.0028, or 100.28%. So the precent difference is about .28%.

It would also be possible to figure out the actual speeds of light, which would be c / n_red and c /

n_violet, then divide the two speeds; however since c is the same in both cases the ratio would end up

being c / n_red / ( c / n_violet) = c / n_red * n_violet / c = n_violet / n_red, and the result would be the

same as that given above.

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

I don't see how the answer is .28%. I had done the exact same thing as the answer given and still get 2.8%

That was my error. Good work.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:39:43

**** query gen phy problem 24.34 width of 1st-order spectrum of white light (400 nm-750nm) at 2.3 m

from a 7500 line/cm grating **** gen phy what is the width of the spectrum?

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

sin(theta) = (m * wavelength )/ d

m=1

d=1/7500cm=1.33*10^-2

lambda=4.00*10^-7m

sin(theta)=(1*4.00*10^-7m)/1.33*10^-2m

.0017degrees

sin(theta)=(1*7.50*10^-7m)/1.33*10^-2m

.0032degrees

That is all I could figure out to do. I know I am missing somehting in hte use of th distance of the screen.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:41:15

GOOD STUDENT SOLUTION

We are given that the spectrum is from 400-750 nm. We are also given that the screen is 2.3 meters away

and that the grating is 7500 lines/cm. To find this I will find where 400 nm wavelength falls on the screen

and also where 750 nm wavelength falls onto the screen. Everything in between them will be the

spectrum. I will use the formula...

sin of theta = m * wavelength / d

since these are first order angles m will be 1.

since the grating is 7500 lines/cm, d will be 1/7500 cm or 1/750000 m.

Sin of theta(400nm) =

1 * (4.0 * 10^-7)/1/750000

sin of theta (400nm) = 0.300

theta (400nm) = 17.46 degrees

This is the angle that the 1st order 400nm ray will make.

sin of theta (750nm) = 0.563

theta (750nm) = 34.24 degrees

This is the angle that the 1st order 750 nm ray will make.

We were given that the screen is 2.3 meters away. If we draw an imaginary ray from the grating to to the

screen and this ray begins at the focal point for the rays of the spectrum and is perpendicular to the

screen (I will call this point A), this ray will make two triangles, one with the screen and the 400nm angle

ray and one with the screen and the 750 nm angle ray. Using the trigonomic function; tangent, we can

solve for the sides of the triangles which the screen makes up.

Tan of theta = opposite / adjacent

tan of 34.24 degrees = opposite / 2.3 meters

0.6806 = opposite / 2.3 meters

opposite = 1.57 meters

tan of 17.46 degrees = opposite / 2.3 meters

opposite = 0.72 meters

So from point A to where the angle(400nm) hits the screen is 0.72 meters.

And from point A to where the angle(750nm) hits the screen is 1.57 meters.

If you subtract the one segment from the other one you will get the length of the spectrum on the screen.

1.57 m - 0.72 m = 0.85 meters is the width of the spectrum on the screen.

CORRECTION ON LAST STEP:

spectrum width = 2.3m * tan (31.33)) - 2.3m * tan (17.45) = 0.68m

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

I understand the beginning but I can not figure out how 7500cm equals 750000m. This caused my

decimals to be off by 2 places.

7500 cm is not the same thing as 750000 m. However 1/7500 cm is the same as 1/750000 m.

Note that, for example, 1/7500 cm does not mean 1/(7500 cm). By the order of operations it means (1/7500) cm. Multiplications and divisions are done in order.

I did not think about using triangles to saolve. I have reworked the problem and have it in my notes.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:41:21

**** query univ phy 36.59 phasor for 8 slits

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RESPONSE -->

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:41:23

** If you look at the phasor diagram for phi = 3 pi / 4 you will see that starting at any vector the fourth

following vector is in the opposite direction. So every slit will interfere destructively with the fourth

following slit. This is because 4 * 3 pi / 4 is an odd multiple of pi.

The same spacing will give the same result for 5 pi / 4 and for 7 pi / 4; note how starting from any vector it

takes 4 vectors to get to the antiparallel direction.

For 6 pi / 4, where the phasor diagram is a square, every slit will interfere destructively with the second

following slit.

For phi = pi/4 you get an octagon.

For phi = 3 pi / 4 the first vector will be at 135 deg, the second at 270 deg (straight down), the third at 415

deg (same as 45 deg, up and to the right). These vectors will not close to form a triangle. The fourth

vector will be at 45 deg + 135 deg = 180 deg; i.e., horizontal to the left. The next two will be at 315 deg

(down and toward the right) then 90 deg (straight up). The last two will be at 225 deg (down and to left)

and 360 deg (horiz to the right).

The resulting endpoint coordinates of the vectors, in order, will be

-0.7071067811, .7071067811

-0.7071067811, -0.2928932188

0, 0.4142135623

-1, 0.4142135623

-0.2928932188, -0.2928932188

-0.2928932188, 0.7071067811

-1, 0

0, 0

For phi = 5 pi / 4 each vector will 'rotate' relative to the last at angle 5 pi / 4, or 225 deg. To check yourself

the first few endpoints will be

-0.7070747217, -0.7071290944;

-0.7070747217, 0.2928709055;

0, -0.4142040038

and the final endpoint will again be (0, 0).

For 6 pi / 4 you will get a square that repeats twice.

For 7 pi / 4 you get an octagon.

NEW PROBLEM: The longest wavelength is 700 nm and slit spacing is about 1250 nm. The path

difference can't exceed the slit spacing, which is less than double the 700 nm spacine. So there are at most

central max (path difference zero) and the first-order max (path difference one wavelength).

Note that there will be a second-order max for wavelengths less than about 417 nm. **

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

Good work. Let me know if you have questions.

q_a_assignmeant18

course Phy 202

Physics II07-25-2006

Your work has been received. Please scroll through the document to see any inserted notes (inserted at the appropriate place in the document, in boldface) and a note at the end. The note at the end of the file will confirm that the file has been reviewed; be sure to read that note. If there is no note at the end, notify the instructor through the Submit Work form, and include the date of the posting to your access page.

egХzW

assignment #018

CBybz

Physics II

07-25-2006

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:31:42

Principles of Physics and General Physics Problem 24.14: By what percent does the speed of red light

exceed that of violet light in flint glass?

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

The red is 700nm and the n=1.62. THe violet wavelength is 400nm and n=1.665.

1.665/1.62 =1.0278

the differance is about 2.78%.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:32:31

The respective indices of refraction for violet and red light in flint glass appear from the given graph to be

about 1.665 and 1.620.

The speed of light in a medium is inversely proportional to the index of refraction of that medium, so the

ratio of the speed of red to violet light is the inverse 1.665 / 1.62 of the ratio of the indices of refraction

(red to violet). This ratio is about 1.0028, or 100.28%. So the precent difference is about .28%.

It would also be possible to figure out the actual speeds of light, which would be c / n_red and c /

n_violet, then divide the two speeds; however since c is the same in both cases the ratio would end up

being c / n_red / ( c / n_violet) = c / n_red * n_violet / c = n_violet / n_red, and the result would be the

same as that given above.

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

I don't see how the answer is .28%. I had done the exact same thing as the answer given and still get 2.8%

That was my error. Good work.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:39:43

**** query gen phy problem 24.34 width of 1st-order spectrum of white light (400 nm-750nm) at 2.3 m

from a 7500 line/cm grating **** gen phy what is the width of the spectrum?

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

sin(theta) = (m * wavelength )/ d

m=1

d=1/7500cm=1.33*10^-2

lambda=4.00*10^-7m

sin(theta)=(1*4.00*10^-7m)/1.33*10^-2m

.0017degrees

sin(theta)=(1*7.50*10^-7m)/1.33*10^-2m

.0032degrees

That is all I could figure out to do. I know I am missing somehting in hte use of th distance of the screen.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:41:15

GOOD STUDENT SOLUTION

We are given that the spectrum is from 400-750 nm. We are also given that the screen is 2.3 meters away

and that the grating is 7500 lines/cm. To find this I will find where 400 nm wavelength falls on the screen

and also where 750 nm wavelength falls onto the screen. Everything in between them will be the

spectrum. I will use the formula...

sin of theta = m * wavelength / d

since these are first order angles m will be 1.

since the grating is 7500 lines/cm, d will be 1/7500 cm or 1/750000 m.

Sin of theta(400nm) =

1 * (4.0 * 10^-7)/1/750000

sin of theta (400nm) = 0.300

theta (400nm) = 17.46 degrees

This is the angle that the 1st order 400nm ray will make.

sin of theta (750nm) = 0.563

theta (750nm) = 34.24 degrees

This is the angle that the 1st order 750 nm ray will make.

We were given that the screen is 2.3 meters away. If we draw an imaginary ray from the grating to to the

screen and this ray begins at the focal point for the rays of the spectrum and is perpendicular to the

screen (I will call this point A), this ray will make two triangles, one with the screen and the 400nm angle

ray and one with the screen and the 750 nm angle ray. Using the trigonomic function; tangent, we can

solve for the sides of the triangles which the screen makes up.

Tan of theta = opposite / adjacent

tan of 34.24 degrees = opposite / 2.3 meters

0.6806 = opposite / 2.3 meters

opposite = 1.57 meters

tan of 17.46 degrees = opposite / 2.3 meters

opposite = 0.72 meters

So from point A to where the angle(400nm) hits the screen is 0.72 meters.

And from point A to where the angle(750nm) hits the screen is 1.57 meters.

If you subtract the one segment from the other one you will get the length of the spectrum on the screen.

1.57 m - 0.72 m = 0.85 meters is the width of the spectrum on the screen.

CORRECTION ON LAST STEP:

spectrum width = 2.3m * tan (31.33)) - 2.3m * tan (17.45) = 0.68m

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

I understand the beginning but I can not figure out how 7500cm equals 750000m. This caused my

decimals to be off by 2 places.

7500 cm is not the same thing as 750000 m. However 1/7500 cm is the same as 1/750000 m.

Note that, for example, 1/7500 cm does not mean 1/(7500 cm). By the order of operations it means (1/7500) cm. Multiplications and divisions are done in order.

I did not think about using triangles to saolve. I have reworked the problem and have it in my notes.

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:41:21

**** query univ phy 36.59 phasor for 8 slits

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

.................................................

......!!!!!!!!...................................

01:41:23

** If you look at the phasor diagram for phi = 3 pi / 4 you will see that starting at any vector the fourth

following vector is in the opposite direction. So every slit will interfere destructively with the fourth

following slit. This is because 4 * 3 pi / 4 is an odd multiple of pi.

The same spacing will give the same result for 5 pi / 4 and for 7 pi / 4; note how starting from any vector it

takes 4 vectors to get to the antiparallel direction.

For 6 pi / 4, where the phasor diagram is a square, every slit will interfere destructively with the second

following slit.

For phi = pi/4 you get an octagon.

For phi = 3 pi / 4 the first vector will be at 135 deg, the second at 270 deg (straight down), the third at 415

deg (same as 45 deg, up and to the right). These vectors will not close to form a triangle. The fourth

vector will be at 45 deg + 135 deg = 180 deg; i.e., horizontal to the left. The next two will be at 315 deg

(down and toward the right) then 90 deg (straight up). The last two will be at 225 deg (down and to left)

and 360 deg (horiz to the right).

The resulting endpoint coordinates of the vectors, in order, will be

-0.7071067811, .7071067811

-0.7071067811, -0.2928932188

0, 0.4142135623

-1, 0.4142135623

-0.2928932188, -0.2928932188

-0.2928932188, 0.7071067811

-1, 0

0, 0

For phi = 5 pi / 4 each vector will 'rotate' relative to the last at angle 5 pi / 4, or 225 deg. To check yourself

the first few endpoints will be

-0.7070747217, -0.7071290944;

-0.7070747217, 0.2928709055;

0, -0.4142040038

and the final endpoint will again be (0, 0).

For 6 pi / 4 you will get a square that repeats twice.

For 7 pi / 4 you get an octagon.

NEW PROBLEM: The longest wavelength is 700 nm and slit spacing is about 1250 nm. The path

difference can't exceed the slit spacing, which is less than double the 700 nm spacine. So there are at most

central max (path difference zero) and the first-order max (path difference one wavelength).

Note that there will be a second-order max for wavelengths less than about 417 nm. **

......!!!!!!!!...................................

RESPONSE -->

Good work. Let me know if you have questions.