ph1 query 1

#$&*

course Phy 121

2/8 3

ph1 query 1*********************************************

Question: `qExplain in your own words how the standard deviation of a set of numbers is calculated.

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Your solution:

Obtain a mean or average of the set of numbers by totaling them and dividing by the number of numbers in the set. The numbers

are then subtracted from this average to obtain a deviation for each number. These results are squared for each number and

averaged. The square root of this average is the standard deviation.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Question: Briefly state what you think velocity is and how you think it is an example of a rate.

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Your solution:

Velocity is the change in position divided by the change in time, ie, a ball rolls 60 ft in 10 sec has an average velocity of

6 ft / sec.

If you are paid $10 per hour, when you work 10 hours, you are paid $100. However, if you only get paid $5 per hour, you have

to work 20 hours to receive the same pay, $100.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

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Given Solution:

A rate is a change in something divided by a change in something else.

This question concerns velocity, which is the rate of change of position: change in position divided by change in clock time.

**

NOTE ON NOTATION

Students often quote a formula like v = d / t. It's best to avoid this formula completely.

The average velocity on an interval is defined as change in position / change in clock time.

The symbol d doesn't look like a change in anything, nor does the symbol t.

And the symbol v doesn't distinguish between initial velocity, final velocity, average velocity, change in velocity and

instantaneous velocity, all of which are important concepts that need to be associated with distinct symbols.

In this course we use `d to stand for the capital Greek symbol Delta, which universally indicates the change in a quantity.

If we use d for distance, then the 'change in distance' would be denoted `dd. Very confusing to have two different d's, with

two different meanings, in the same expression.

We generally use s or x to stand for position, so `ds or `dx would stand for change in position. Change in clock time would

be `dt. Thus

v_Ave = `ds / `dt

(or alternatively, if we use x for position, v_Ave = `dx / `dt).

With this notation we can tell that we are dividing change in position by change in clock time.

For University Physics students (calculus-based note):

If x is the position then velocity is dx/dt, the derivative of position with respect to clock time. This is the limiting

value of the rate of change of position with respect to clock time. You need to think in these terms.

v stands for instantaneous velocity. v_Ave stands for the average velocity on an interval.

If you used d for position then you would have the formula v = dd / dt. The dd in the numerator doesn't make a lot of sense;

one d indicates the infinitesimal change in the other d.

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Question: Given average speed and time interval how do you find distance moved?

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Your solution:

Multiply average speed by the time interval to find the distance moved.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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Given Solution:

** You multiply average speed * time interval to find distance moved.

For example, 50 miles / hour * 3 hours = 150 miles. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Question: Given average speed and distance moved how do you find the corresponding time interval?

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Your solution:

Divide the distance moved by the average speed to get the time interval.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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Given Solution:

** time interval = distance / average speed. For example if we travel 100 miles at 50 mph it takes 2 hours--we divide the

distance by the speed.

In symbols, if `ds = vAve * `dt then `dt = `ds/vAve.

Also note that (cm/s ) / s = cm/s^2, not sec, whereas cm / (cm/s) = cm * s / cm = s, as appropriate in a calculation of `dt.

**

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Question: Given time interval and distance moved how do you get average speed?

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Your solution:

Divide the distance moved by the time interval to get the average speed.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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Given Solution:

** Average speed = distance / change in clock time. This is the definition of average speed.

For example if we travel 300 miles in 5 hours we have been traveling at an average speed of 300 miles / 5 hours = 60 miles /

hour. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Question: A ball rolls from rest down a book, off that book and onto another book, where it picks up speed before rolling

off the end of that book. Consider the interval that begins when the ball first encounters the second book, and ends when it

rolls of the end of the book.

For this interval, place in order the quantities initial velocity (which we denote v_0), and final velocity (which we denote

v_f), average velocity (which we denote v_Ave).

During this interval, the ball's velocity changes. It is possible for the change in its velocity to exceed the three

quantities you just listed? Is it possible for all three of these quantities to exceed the change in the ball's velocity?

Explain.

Note that the change in the ball's velocity is denoted `dv.

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Your solution:

It can exceed the initial velocity because it is picking up speed all the way to the end of the second book. The final

velocity will exceed the initial velocity. The change in velocity should be somewhere in between the initial and final

velocities.

confidence rating #$&*: 1

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Question: If the velocity at the beginning of an interval is 4 m/s and at the end of the interval it is 10 m/s, then what is

the average of these velocities, and what is the change in velocity?

List the four quantities initial velocity, final velocity, average of initial and final velocities, and change in velocity,

in order from least to greatest.

Give an example of positive initial and final velocities for which the order of the four quantities would be different.

For positive initial and final velocities, is it possible for the change in velocity to exceed the other three quanities?

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Your solution:

Initial velocity is 4 m/s

Change in velocity is 6 m/s

Average velocity is 7 m/s

Final velocity is 10 m/s

No

confidence rating #$&*:1

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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Question: If the position of an object changes by 5.2 meters, with an uncertainty of +-4%, during a time interval of 1.3

seconds, with an uncertainty of +-2%, then

What is the uncertainty in the change in position in meters>

What is the uncertainty in the time interval in seconds?

What is the average velocity of the object, and what do you think ia the uncertainty in the average velocity?

(this last question is required of University Physics students only, but other are welcome to answer): What is the percent

uncertainty in the average velocity of the object, and what is the uncertainty as given in units of velocity?

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Your solution:

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

"

Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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Given Solution:

** You multiply average speed * time interval to find distance moved.

For example, 50 miles / hour * 3 hours = 150 miles. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

*********************************************

Question: Given average speed and distance moved how do you find the corresponding time interval?

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Your solution:

Divide the distance moved by the average speed to get the time interval.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

** time interval = distance / average speed. For example if we travel 100 miles at 50 mph it takes 2 hours--we divide the

distance by the speed.

In symbols, if `ds = vAve * `dt then `dt = `ds/vAve.

Also note that (cm/s ) / s = cm/s^2, not sec, whereas cm / (cm/s) = cm * s / cm = s, as appropriate in a calculation of `dt.

**

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

*********************************************

Question: Given time interval and distance moved how do you get average speed?

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Your solution:

Divide the distance moved by the time interval to get the average speed.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

** Average speed = distance / change in clock time. This is the definition of average speed.

For example if we travel 300 miles in 5 hours we have been traveling at an average speed of 300 miles / 5 hours = 60 miles /

hour. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

*********************************************

Question: A ball rolls from rest down a book, off that book and onto another book, where it picks up speed before rolling

off the end of that book. Consider the interval that begins when the ball first encounters the second book, and ends when it

rolls of the end of the book.

For this interval, place in order the quantities initial velocity (which we denote v_0), and final velocity (which we denote

v_f), average velocity (which we denote v_Ave).

During this interval, the ball's velocity changes. It is possible for the change in its velocity to exceed the three

quantities you just listed? Is it possible for all three of these quantities to exceed the change in the ball's velocity?

Explain.

Note that the change in the ball's velocity is denoted `dv.

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Your solution:

It can exceed the initial velocity because it is picking up speed all the way to the end of the second book. The final

velocity will exceed the initial velocity. The change in velocity should be somewhere in between the initial and final

velocities.

confidence rating #$&*: 1

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

*********************************************

Question: If the velocity at the beginning of an interval is 4 m/s and at the end of the interval it is 10 m/s, then what is

the average of these velocities, and what is the change in velocity?

List the four quantities initial velocity, final velocity, average of initial and final velocities, and change in velocity,

in order from least to greatest.

Give an example of positive initial and final velocities for which the order of the four quantities would be different.

For positive initial and final velocities, is it possible for the change in velocity to exceed the other three quanities?

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Your solution:

Initial velocity is 4 m/s

Change in velocity is 6 m/s

Average velocity is 7 m/s

Final velocity is 10 m/s

No

confidence rating #$&*:1

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

*********************************************

Question: If the position of an object changes by 5.2 meters, with an uncertainty of +-4%, during a time interval of 1.3

seconds, with an uncertainty of +-2%, then

What is the uncertainty in the change in position in meters>

What is the uncertainty in the time interval in seconds?

What is the average velocity of the object, and what do you think ia the uncertainty in the average velocity?

(this last question is required of University Physics students only, but other are welcome to answer): What is the percent

uncertainty in the average velocity of the object, and what is the uncertainty as given in units of velocity?

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

"

Self-critique (if necessary):

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating:

#*&!

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

** You multiply average speed * time interval to find distance moved.

For example, 50 miles / hour * 3 hours = 150 miles. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

*********************************************

Question: Given average speed and distance moved how do you find the corresponding time interval?

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Your solution:

Divide the distance moved by the average speed to get the time interval.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

** time interval = distance / average speed. For example if we travel 100 miles at 50 mph it takes 2 hours--we divide the

distance by the speed.

In symbols, if `ds = vAve * `dt then `dt = `ds/vAve.

Also note that (cm/s ) / s = cm/s^2, not sec, whereas cm / (cm/s) = cm * s / cm = s, as appropriate in a calculation of `dt.

**

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

*********************************************

Question: Given time interval and distance moved how do you get average speed?

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Your solution:

Divide the distance moved by the time interval to get the average speed.

confidence rating #$&*: 3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.............................................

Given Solution:

** Average speed = distance / change in clock time. This is the definition of average speed.

For example if we travel 300 miles in 5 hours we have been traveling at an average speed of 300 miles / 5 hours = 60 miles /

hour. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

*********************************************

Question: A ball rolls from rest down a book, off that book and onto another book, where it picks up speed before rolling

off the end of that book. Consider the interval that begins when the ball first encounters the second book, and ends when it

rolls of the end of the book.

For this interval, place in order the quantities initial velocity (which we denote v_0), and final velocity (which we denote

v_f), average velocity (which we denote v_Ave).

During this interval, the ball's velocity changes. It is possible for the change in its velocity to exceed the three

quantities you just listed? Is it possible for all three of these quantities to exceed the change in the ball's velocity?

Explain.

Note that the change in the ball's velocity is denoted `dv.

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Your solution:

It can exceed the initial velocity because it is picking up speed all the way to the end of the second book. The final

velocity will exceed the initial velocity. The change in velocity should be somewhere in between the initial and final

velocities.

confidence rating #$&*: 1

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

*********************************************

Question: If the velocity at the beginning of an interval is 4 m/s and at the end of the interval it is 10 m/s, then what is

the average of these velocities, and what is the change in velocity?

List the four quantities initial velocity, final velocity, average of initial and final velocities, and change in velocity,

in order from least to greatest.

Give an example of positive initial and final velocities for which the order of the four quantities would be different.

For positive initial and final velocities, is it possible for the change in velocity to exceed the other three quanities?

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Your solution:

Initial velocity is 4 m/s

Change in velocity is 6 m/s

Average velocity is 7 m/s

Final velocity is 10 m/s

No

confidence rating #$&*:1

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

*********************************************

Question: If the position of an object changes by 5.2 meters, with an uncertainty of +-4%, during a time interval of 1.3

seconds, with an uncertainty of +-2%, then

What is the uncertainty in the change in position in meters>

What is the uncertainty in the time interval in seconds?

What is the average velocity of the object, and what do you think ia the uncertainty in the average velocity?

(this last question is required of University Physics students only, but other are welcome to answer): What is the percent

uncertainty in the average velocity of the object, and what is the uncertainty as given in units of velocity?

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

"

Self-critique (if necessary):

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique rating:

#*&!#*&!

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