Assignment 24

course Mth 271

I accidently skipped a problem and I had to go back into the program to do it. I have been studying for my chapter 2 test and I will take next week.

QcƲRɗԟassignment #024

Good. Let me know if you have questions--I'll be glad to answer.

024. `query 24

Applied Calculus I

04-14-2007

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18:29:21

**** Query 3.3.8 picture of y = x^5 + 5x^4 - 40x^2; zeros around 0, 2.3, crit around 0, 1.8 **** On which intervals is the function concave upward and of which concave downward? **** On which intervals is the second derivative negative, on which positive?

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RESPONSE -->

Using differentiation I got the following:

y'=5x^4+20x^3-80x

y''= 20x^3 + 60x^2 - 80 = 0

I divided through by 20 to get:

x^3 + 3x^2 - 4 = 0

(x-1)(x+2)^2

x=1 and x=-2

(- inf, -2) (1, infin)

The function concaves downward at (-inf, -1)

and the function concaves upward at (-2,1)

confidence assessment: 2

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18:31:09

A function is concave upward when the second derivative is positive, concave downward when the second derivative is negative.

If y = x^5 + 5x^4 - 40x^2 then

y' = 5 x^4 + 20 x^3 - 80 x so

y'' = 20 x^3 + 60 x^2 - 80.

y'' = 0 when 20 x^3 + 60 x^2 - 80 = 0, or dividing this equation by 20 when x^3 + 3 x^2 - 4 = 0.

We easily find the solution x = 1 by trial and error, just substituting simple integers. Then we can divide by x-1 to get x^2 + 4 x + 4, which factors to give us (x+2)^2.

Thus y'' = (x-1)(x+2)^2.

So y'' = 0 when x = 1 or x = -2.

y'' can therefore change signs only at x = 1 or at x = -2. However the nature of the zero at x = -2 is parabolic so y'' doesn't change sign at this point. The only sign change is at x = -1.

}For large negative x we have y'' < 0, so y'' < 0 on (infinity, -1), and is positive on (1, infinity).

The first derivative is y ' = 5x^4 + 20x^3 - 80x, which is zero when x = 0 and when x = 1.679 approx..

The second derivative is y '' = 20x^3 + 60x^2 - 80. Setting this equal to zero we obtain

20x^3 + 60x^2 - 80 = 0 with solutions x = -2 and x = 1. The second derivative is negative for x < -2, again negative for -2 < x < 1 and positive for x > 1, so the function is concave down for all x < 1 except for the x = -2 point, and concave up for all x > 1.

The critical point at x = 0 therefore yields a maximum and the critical point at 1.679 yields a minimum.

DER

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RESPONSE -->

I did this mostly correct.

self critique assessment: 2

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18:32:56

**** Query 3.3.23-26 concave up increasing, concave down increasing, concave down decreasing, concave up increasing **** In order list the sign of the first derivatives of the functions represented by the four graphs, and the same for the second derivatives.

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RESPONSE -->

23) f'>0 f''>0

24) f'>0 f''<0

25) f'<0 f''<0

26) f'<0 f''>0

confidence assessment: 2

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18:35:01

First derivative is positive for an increasing function, negative for a decreasing function. So we have for the first derivative:

19. positive

20. positive

21. negative

22. negative

Second derivative is positive if concave up, negative if concave down. So we have for the second derivative:

19. positive

20. negative

21. negative

22. positive **

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RESPONSE -->

My answers were for problems 23-26

self critique assessment: 2

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18:35:05

**** Query 3.3.34 points of inflection for (1-t)(t-4)(t^2-4) **** List the points of inflection of the graph of the given function and explain how you obtained each.

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RESPONSE -->

confidence assessment:

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assignment #002

002. `Query 2

Applied Calculus I

04-14-2007

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assignment #024

024. `query 24

Applied Calculus I

04-14-2007

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18:40:00

**** Query 3.3.54 production level to minimize average cost per unit for cost function C = .002 x^3 + 20 x + 500 **** What is the production level to minimize the average cost and how did you obtain it?

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RESPONSE -->

I began by dividing the function by x :

0.002x^2 + 20 + 500/x = 0

.004x - 500/x^2 = 0

I multiplied thru by x^2 and got

.004x^3 - 500=0

I divided thru by .004 and got

3x = 125,000

divide through by 3 and get

x = 41,666.66

confidence assessment: 2

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18:41:40

Ave cost per unit is cost / # of units = C / x, so

average cost per unit = (.002x^3 + 20 x + 500)/x = .002 x^2 + 20 + 500/x.

derivative of average cost per unit = .004 x - (500/ x^2)

Critical numbers occur when derivative is 0:

0 = .004 x - (500/x^2)

500 / x^2 = .004 x so

500 = .004 x^3 and

x^3 = 500 / .004 = 125,000.

x = 50 (critical number)

The second derivative is .004 + (1000 / x^3). For all x > 0 the second derivative is therefore positive. So for x > 0 the graph is concave up, and this shows that the critical point at x = 50 is a minimum.

Alternatively you could show that .004 x - (500 / x^2) changes sign at x = 50.

COMMON ERROR: Students commonly make the error of minimizing only the given function. Note that you aren't supposed to minimize the cost, but the cost per unit. This is C / x = .002 x^2 + 20 + 500/x. (C/x)' = .004 x - 500 / x^2, which is zero when .004 x - 500 / x^2 = 0; multiplying by x^2 we get .004 x^3 - 500 = 0 so x^3 = 500 / .004 = 62500. Either a first- or second-degree test shows this to be a minimum. **

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RESPONSE -->

I got a little off track on this one. I have copied your response and will review how you did the problem further.

self critique assessment: 2

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Again I recommed detailed self-critiques. Let me know if you have questions.