assignment 23

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course mthb 272

Question: `qQuery problem 7.1.24 picture of sphere, diam from (-1,-2,1) to (0, 3, 3).What is the standard form of the equation of the pictured sphere?

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Your solution:

midpoint (-1, -2, 1) , (0, 3, 3) = (-1/2, 1/2, 2)

(x - (-1/2) )^2 + (y - 1/2)^2 + (z-2)^2 = r^2

half of `sqrt( (0 - -1)^2 + (3 - -2)^2 + (3 - 1)^2 ) = `sqrt(1+25+4) = `sqrt(30)

sqrt(30) / 2 and r^2 = 30 / 4 = 15/2

(x - (-1/2) )^2 + (y - 1/2)^2 + (z-2)^2 = 15/2

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a The midpoint between (-1, -2, 1) and (0, 3, 3) is (-1/2, 1/2, 2).

Thus the sphere will have the form (x - (-1/2) )^2 + (y - 1/2)^2 + (z-2)^2 = r^2.

r is half the diameter, which is half of `sqrt( (0 - -1)^2 + (3 - -2)^2 + (3 - 1)^2 ) = `sqrt(1+25+4) = `sqrt(30). The radius is therefore `sqrt(30) / 2 and r^2 = 30 / 4 = 15/2.

The equation is therefore (x - (-1/2) )^2 + (y - 1/2)^2 + (z-2)^2 = 15/2.

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Question: `qQuery problem 7.1.39 (was 7.1.38) yz-trace of x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - 6x - 10 y + 6 z + 30 = 0

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Your solution:

x = 0

y^2 - 10 y + z^2 + 6z + 30 = 0

(y^2 - 10 y + 25 - 25) + (z^2 + 6 z + 9 - 9) + 30 = 0

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 4

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 2^2

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a The yz trace is characterized by x = 0.

The equation of the y-z trace is therefore y^2 - 10 y + z^2 + 6z + 30 = 0.

This is the equation of a circle in the y-z plane. Completing the square we get

(y^2 - 10 y + 25 - 25) + (z^2 + 6 z + 9 - 9) + 30 = 0 or

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 4 or

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 2^2.

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Question: `qWhat is the equation of the yz-trace of the given sphere and what shape does this equation define in the y-z plane?

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Your solution:

x = 0

y^2 - 10 y + z^2 + 6z + 30 = 0

(y^2 - 10 y + 25 - 25) + (z^2 + 6 z + 9 - 9) + 30 = 0

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 4

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 2^2

confidence rating #$&*:3

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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Given Solution:

`a `a The yz trace is characterized by x = 0.

The equation of the y-z trace is therefore y^2 - 10 y + z^2 + 6z + 30 = 0.

This is the equation of a circle in the y-z plane. Completing the square we get

(y^2 - 10 y + 25 - 25) + (z^2 + 6 z + 9 - 9) + 30 = 0 or

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 4 or

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 2^2.

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Question: `qWhat is the center and what is the radius of the circle?

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Your solution:

x = 0

y^2 - 10 y + z^2 + 6z + 30 = 0

(y^2 - 10 y + 25 - 25) + (z^2 + 6 z + 9 - 9) + 30 = 0

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 4

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 2^2

radius 2, in the y-z plane, centered at (0, 5, -3)

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a `a The yz trace is characterized by x = 0.

The equation of the y-z trace is therefore y^2 - 10 y + z^2 + 6z + 30 = 0.

This is the equation of a circle in the y-z plane. Completing the square we get

(y^2 - 10 y + 25 - 25) + (z^2 + 6 z + 9 - 9) + 30 = 0 or

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 4 or

(y-5)^2 + (z+3)^2 = 2^2.

We thus have a circle of radius 2, in the y-z plane, centered at (0, 5, -3).

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assignment 23

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course mthb 272

Question: `qQuery problem 7.2.6 intercepts and sketch graph of 2x - y + z = 4.YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

2x = 4

x = 2

-y = 4

y = -4

z = 4

(2, 0, 0), (0, -4, 0), (0, 0, 4)

This plane contains the triangle but extends beyond the triangle, extending infinitely far in all directions

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a The x-intercept occurs when y and z are 0, giving us 2x = 4 so x = 2.

The y-intercept occurs when x and z are 0, giving us -y = 4 so y = -4.

The z-intercept occurs when x and y are 0, giving us z = 4.

The intercepts are therefore (2, 0, 0), (0, -4, 0) and (0, 0, 4).

These three points form a triangle and this triangle defines the plane 2x - y + z = 4. This plane contains the triangle but extends beyond the triangle, extending infinitely far in all directions.

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Question: `qIf you released a marble on the plane at the point where it intercepts the z axis, it would roll down the incline. When the marble reached the xy plane would it be closer to the x axis or to the y axis?

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Your solution:

(0,0,4) to (2,0,0) is the steepest possible path

closer to the x axis

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a The marble would travel the steepest possible path. The line from (0,0,4) to (2,0,0), in the xz plane, is steeper than the line from (0, 0, 4) to (0, -4, 0) in the yz plane. So the marble would reach the xy plane closer to the x axis than to the y axis.

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Question: `qIf you were climbing the plane straight from your starting point to the point for the plane intercepts the z axis, with your climb be steeper if you started from the x intercept or from the y intercept?

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Your solution:

(0,0,4) to (2,0,0), in the x-y plane, has slope 2 and is therefore steeper

(0, 0, 4) to (0, -4, 0) in the yz plane has slope of magnitude 1

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a The line from (0,0,4) to (2,0,0), in the x-y plane, has slope 2 and is therefore steeper than the line from (0, 0, 4) to (0, -4, 0) in the yz plane, which has slope of magnitude 1.

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Question: `qQuery problem 7.2.34 (was 7.2.30) match y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2 with graph

Which graph matches the equation?

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Your solution:

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Question: `qThe graph couldn't be (e). Explain why not.

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Your solution:

e) is set equal to 1 and the needed equation is set equal to 0 one has a constant term the other does not

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Given Solution: `a The equation for e) is set equal to 1 and the needed equation is set equal to 0. So one has a constant term while the other does not.

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Question: `qThe graph could not be (c) because the picture shows that the surface is not defined for | y | < 1, while 4x^2 + 9z^2 = .25, for example, is the trace for y = 1/2, and is a perfectly good ellipse. State this in your own words.

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Your solution:

y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2

y = 1/2

(1/2)^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2, or 1/4 = 4x^2 + 9z^2

16 x^2 + 36 z^2 = 1

x^2 / [1/4^2] + y^2 / [ 1/6^2]

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a In the plane y = 1/2 the trace of y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2 is found by substituting y = 1/2 into this equation. We obtain (1/2)^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2, or 1/4 = 4x^2 + 9z^2. Multiplying both sides by 4 we get the 16 x^2 + 36 z^2 = 1, which can be expressed as x^2 / [1/4^2] + y^2 / [ 1/6^2]. This is the standard form of an ellipse with major axis 1/4 in the x direction and minor axis 1/6 in the y direction.

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Question: `qThe trace of this graph exists in each of the coordinate planes, and is an ellipse in each. The graph of the given equation consists only of a single point in the xz plane, since there y = 0 and 4x^2 + 9z^2 = 0 only if x = z = 0. Explain why the xy trace is not an ellipse.

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Your solution:

y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2

z = 0, is y^2 = 4 x^2

y = 2x and y = -2x

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a If y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2 then the xy trace, which occurs when z = 0, is y^2 = 4 x^2. This is equivalent to the two equations y = 2x and y = -2x, two straight lines.

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Question: `qWhat is the shape of the trace of the graph in the plane y = 1?

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Your solution:

4 x^2 + 9 z^2 = 1

ellipse

major axis 1/2 in the x direction and minor axis 1/3 in the z direction

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a In the plane y = 1 the trace of y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2 becomes 4 x^2 + 9 z^2 = 1, which is an ellipse.

In standard form the ellipse is

x^2 / [ 1 / 2^2 ] + z^2 / [ 1 / 3^2 ] = 1,

so has major axis 1/2 in the x direction and minor axis 1/3 in the z direction.

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Question: `qWhat is the shape of the trace of the graph in the plane x = 1?

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Your solution:

y^2 - 9 z^2 = 4

hyperbola with vertices at y = +- 2, z = 0

asymptotes are the lines y = 3z and y = -3z in the plane x = 1

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a In the plane x = 1 the trace of y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2 is

y^2 - 9 z^2 = 4,

which is a hyperbola with vertices at y = +- 2, z = 0 (i.e., at points (1, +-2, 0) since x = 1); the asymptotes are the lines y = 3z and y = -3z in the plane x = 1.

STUDENT QUESTION

#### From our form of equation, or after solving for x = 1, how is the hyperbola exactly found? I see where this is in the text, but just not getting this exactly clear, at least at this very point.

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

The ellipse and hyperbolas corresponding to the equation

+- x^2 / a^2 +- y^2 / b^2 = 1

are all constructed based on the rectangular 'box' bounded by the lines x = +- a and y = +- b.

The x and y axes. and these two lines, are plotted in the figure below.

The same figure with the ellipes x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 = 1:

Note that the intercepts (a, 0), (-a, 0), (0, b), (0, -b) lie on the graph of the ellipse. If you plug the coordinates of any of these points into the equation you get 1 = 1.

The original 'box' with the lines y = b/a * x and y = -b/a * x.

The same, with the hyperbola x^2 / a^2 - y^2 / b^2 = 1

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Note that of the intercepts (a, 0), (-a, 0), (0, b), (0, -b) of the box, only (a, 0) and (-a, 0) lie on the graph of the hyperbola. If you plug in the coordinates of (0, +- b) you get -1 = 1.

Furthermore if | y | < b/a * | x | the left-hand side is negative, so the graph is excluded completely from the corresponding region of the plane.

For large x and y, the 1 on the right-hand side becomes insignificant and the graph approaches one of the lines y = +- b/a * x.

The same, with the hyperbola -x^2 / a^2 + y^2 / b^2 = 1

Note that of the intercepts (a, 0), (-a, 0), (0, b), (0, -b) of the box, only (0, b) and (0, -b) lie on the graph of the hyperbola. If you plug in the coordinates of (+- a, 0) you get -1 = 1.

Furthermore if | y | > b/a * | x | the left-hand side is negative, so the graph is excluded completely from the corresponding region of the plane.

For large x and y, the 1 on the right-hand side becomes insignificant and the graph approaches one of the lines y = +- b/a * x.

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Question: `qWhat is the shape of the trace of the graph in the plane z = 1?

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Your solution:

y^2 - 4 x^2 = 9

hyperbola with vertices at x = 0 and y = +- 3

asymptotes y = 2x and y = -2x in the plane z = 1

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a In the plane z = 1 the trace of y^2 = 4x^2 + 9z^2 is

y^2 - 4 x^2 = 9,

a hyperbola with vertices at x = 0 and y = +- 3 (i.e., at points (0, +- 3, 1) ) and asymptotes y = 2x and y = -2x in the plane z = 1.

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Question: `qQuery Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment.

"

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