Your 'bottle thermometer' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
** Your optional message or comment: **
** What happens when you pull water up into the vertical tube then remove the tube from your mouth? **
When I capped the pressure tube then released the pressure from the vertical tube, the water just fell right back down, which is what I suspected. I suppose there has to be some way to keep the pressure going or else, obviously, the water isn't just going to hold itself up like that.
** What happens when you remove the pressure-release cap? **
Well, the water moves back and forth a bit, so I suppose the air does move some. I suppose this is what I expected.
** What happened when you blew a little air into the bottle? **
The vertical tube maintained water partially without me sucking on it. The length of the air column increased, probably because of the increased air pressure within the bottle (which is also probably what forced the water back into the vertical tube).
I would have anticipated that the air would move in the pressure indicating tube, but I was surprised that the water level rose in the vertical tube without help from me.
** Your estimate of the pressure difference due to a 1% change in pressure, the corresponding change in air column height, and the required change in air temperature: **
1000
10 cm
1
The first one I just converted to pascals and then took .01 percent of it, since pascals=nm^2. For the second, I am not confident of my answer. For the third, V/T=n/P, where volume and n are both constants, so the percent, I think, will be just one, but I am not sure about this either.
** Your estimate of degrees of temperature change, amount of pressure change and change in vertical position of water column for 1% temperature change: **
3
Out of 300 degrees, the temperature change percentage would be .003 percent.
about 3 cm
** The temperature change corresponding to a 1 cm difference in water column height, and to a 1 mm change: **
.3 degrees C
.03 degrees C
** water column position (cm) vs. thermometer temperature (Celsius) **
10.0 cm, about 30 degrees C
10.0 cm, about 30 degrees C
10.0 cm, about 30 degrees C
10.0 cm, about 30 degrees C
10.0 cm, about 30 degrees C
10.0 cm, about 30 degrees C
9.9 cm, 29.7 degrees C
9.9 cm, 29.7 degrees C
9.9 cm, 29.7 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
9.8 cm, 29.4 degrees C
** Trend of temperatures; estimates of maximum deviation of temperature based on both air column and alcohol thermometer. **
I think it estimated, by looking at both, at most .2 degrees C, at least .1. Sometimes it was hard to tell, especially with the bottle thermometer, if the water had moved. With it, it didn't look like much change happened. The alcohol thermometer, however, did show very minor fluctation which was reflected in my data above. The temperature fluctutation showed a trend of changing by about .1 degree over time, and from that point remaining constant.
** Water column heights after pouring warm water over the bottle: **
10.8 cm, 32.7 degrees C
10.9 cm, 32.7 degrees C
10.8 cm, 32.4 degrees C
10.8 cm, 32.4 degrees C
10.8 cm, 32.4 degrees C
10.7 cm, 32.1 degrees C
10.7 cm, 32.1 degrees C
10.5 cm, 31.5 degrees C
10.5 cm, 31.5 degrees C
10.5 cm, 31.5 degrees C
10.4 cm, 31.2 degrees C
10.4 cm, 31.2 degrees C
10.4 cm, 31.2 degrees C
10.4 cm, 31.2 degrees C
10.3 cm, 30.9 degrees C
10.2 cm, 30.6 degrees C
10.1 cm, 30.3 degrees C
10.1 cm, 30.3 degrees C
10.0 cm, 30 degrees C
10.0 cm, 30 degrees C
** Response of the system to indirect thermal energy from your hands: **
Well, when I put my hands close to the bottle there was absolutely no change in the vertical column, so I assume they didn't warm the air. It is possible, though, as hot of a day as it is today that the air is just extremely warm already, so much that without actually touching the bottle it would be impossible to tell the difference.
** position of meniscus in horizontal tube vs. alcohol thermometer temperature at 30-second intervals **
39.2 cm, 29.5 C
39.2 cm, 29.5 C
39.2 cm, 29.6 C
39.2 cm, 29.5 C
39.3 cm, 29.7 C
39.2 cm, 29.6 C
39.3 cm, 29.6 C
39.2 cm, 29.6 C
39.3 cm, 29.6 C
39.3 cm, 29.6 C
** What happened to the position of the meniscus in the horizontal tube when you held your warm hands near the container? **
This time, the miniscus did rise slightly, only about .2 cm.
** Pressure change due to movement of water in horizonal tube, volume change due to 10 cm change in water position, percent change in air volume, change in temperature, difference if air started at 600 K: **
Not much was required to move water intot he horizontal section. I don't actually think the pressure changed much as the water moved along the horizontal section. If the temperature was doubled, then the proportionality constant would be doubled. The volume would decrease inside the system by .03 cm^2*10 cm*3.14=.007cm^3.
** Why weren't we concerned with changes in gas volume with the vertical tube? **
I think the amount of water was so insignificant that it wouldn't have mattered.
** Pressure change to raise water 6 cm, necessary temperature change in vicinity of 300 K, temperature change required to increase 3 L volume by .7 cm^3: **
I think it would have to increase by about 90 kPa.
30 K?
.1 K
** The effect of a 1 degree temperature increase on the water column in a vertical tube, in a horizontal tube, and the slope required to halve the preceding result: **
about 3 cm
It's extremely important that the tube be horizontal, or else the miniscus has to fight gravity, thus making any readings or results inaccurate.
** Optional additional comments and/or questions: **
Your responses have been reviewed and everything looks good.