&&Your optional message or comment:&&

&& If you crank through twice as many revolutions but with the same force, how many times more work are you doing?; If you crank through twice as many revolutions while exerting twice the force, how many times more work are you doing?; If you crank through twice as many revolutions while exerting half the force, how many times more work are you doing?&&

2 times work, 4 times work, 1/2 times work

Yes my answers are consistent with one another. They are dependent upon how many revolutions you make and how force you are exerting, because work is equal to force*distance.

&&&& No Change to this question &&&&

&& If you are cranking at twice the rate with the same force:; How many times more voltage are you producing?; How many times more current?; How many times more work is therefore done per minute?; Answer the same questions for twice the rate with twice the force, and twice the rate with half the force.&&

2 times the voltage, 2 times the current, 2 times the work per min

2 times the voltage, 4 times the current, 4 times the work per min

2 times the voltage, 1/2 times the current, 1/2 times the work per min

Yes my answers are consistent with one another. The voltage does not change when the force changes because they are only dependent upon the number of revolutions. The rate of flow of charge is in fact directly proportional to the force required is current. Work, on the other hand, changes because it is dependent upon revolutions and force.

&&&& No change in the answer to this question &&&&

&& In which case was the crank easier to turn? In which case did you do more work per second (remember that work is the product of force and distance)?; In which case do you believe more charges were available?; In which case do you think more electrical current flowed through the wires attached to the generator?&&

the crank was easier to turn on the plastic than the wood, I did more work on the wood per second, I cranked at the same speed so the charge available should be the same, more electrical current flowed through the wires when attached to the wood because the force was greater.

&&&& The crank should have been harder to turn in the plastic because it has more resistance to electrial flow. But still more electrial current flowed throough the wires when attached to wood because it has less resistance to the flow of current. Where as the plastic is an insulate, making it more resistant to the flow of current. &&&&

The answers were obtained in this way becuase wood is more dense than plastic. Plastic readily absorbed the current were as more force had to be applied in order to get wood to absorbe the same amount because of its density.

&&&& Wood would actual absorb the current more than plastic, wood allows the current to flow through it, where as plastic tries to stop/slow the current down. So less force was need when cracking the generator on wood because the current had little resistance. &&&&&

&& Is it harder or easier to turn the crank when current is flowing?; Does current flow more easily through the wires when they are attached to the wood or when they are clamped together?; Would you say that the circuit resists the flow of electricity more with the wood between the clamps or when the clamps are directly attached to one another?&&

Easier to crank when current is flowing, it flows easier when attached to wood. The generator resists more of the flow of electricity when the clamps are attached directly to one another.

&&&& No change to this question &&&&

&& When current flows, do you have to exert more or less mechanical force on the crank?; When current flows, is electrical resistance high or low?; When the mechanical force you have to exert is high, does this indicate a high or a low electrical resistance?; Is high mechanical resistance therefore associated with high electrical resistance or low electrical resistance?&&

exert less mechanical force on the crank, electrical resistance is low, high electrical resistance, high electrical resistance.

&&&& Mo change to this question &&&&

&& Three materials with low resistance, three with high, and your explanation of how you could tell:&&

paper, vinal, lamp shade

gold, titanium ring, sterling silver

You can tell by the amount of force it takes to crank the generator, if force is high then the generater is harder to crank and vise versa for low.

&&&& No change to this question &&&&

&& Cranking rate, in turns per second, marking on the bulb, phrase that describes the amount of force necessary:&&

5.5 turns, 6.3V 0.15 A, least force

8 turns, 6.3V 0.25 A, medium force

14 turns, 14 V, most force

&&&& No change to this question &&&&

&& Describe connection for which current will flow through the first bulb but not the second.&&

I placed the bulb requiring the lowest cranking rate in one holder and the bulb requiring the greastes in the other and connected them with an alligator clip.

&&&& No change for this question &&&&

&& Do you expect that one bulb will glow, that both will glow or that neither will glow?; Do you expect that you will need to exert more force, less force or the same force to achieve the same cranking rate?&&

I expect one bulb to glow, exert more force

&&&& No change to this question &&&&

&&Did one bulb will glow, did both will glow or did neither glow? Did you need to exert more force, less force or the same force to achieve the same cranking rate? Explain why it should be so:&&

One bulb glows when you crank at the same rate, you have to exert more force because there is more resistance.

&&&& No change to this question &&&&

&& Both bulbs glowing, one just barely.; Does this require a faster, a slower or the same rate as before?;; Did one bulb glow more brightly than the other?; If so, which?; Does it seem to require more force, less force or the same force as before? &&

It requires a faster rate than before, yes one bulb glows brighter than the other, the 6.3 V 0.15 A is brighter, More force is required.

You need to crank it more in order to get more voltage, and more force is needed inorder to be able to obtain more work in order to make them both glow.

&&&& No change to this question &&&&

&& For the parallel circuit using the slow- and fast-crank bulbs, what cranking rate do you now predict will cause one bulb to just barely glow, and which bulb do you think it will be (or will both just barely glow)?&&

I think a faster cranking rate with more force will be required and the first bulb (6.3V 0.15A) will glow.

&&&& No change to this answer &&&&

&& With one bulb barely glowing in the parallel circuit, what is the cranking rate?; Which bulb or bulbs glowed.&&

6 turn in ten sec is the rate

it was the first bulb, 6.3V 0.15A that glowed.

&&&& No change to this answer&&&&

&&; Compared to the process of cranking the glowing bulb by itself:;; Does this require more force, less force or the same force? Does this require a greater, a lesser or the same cranking rate?&&

It requires more force and a greater cranking rate

&&&& No change to this answer &&&&

&& Between the series and parallel circuit, which (if either) required the greater cranking rate, which (if either) required the greater force in order to get one bulb to barely glow, and why should it be so?&&

You are required to use less force and less cranking rate in order to light it up because it is less resistant than the 14 V bulb in both the parallel and the series.

&&&& No change in this answer &&&&

&& In which case do you think work was being done at the greater rate?&&

Work= force*distance, so the set up with the 14V is going to use more work because you have to crank faster-making a greater distance and you have to use more force to crank the generator.

&&&& No change in this answer &&&&

&& For two given bulbs, which circuit, the parallel or the series circuit, requires the greater cranking rate to get one bulb glowing?; Which circuit requires the greater force?; Which circuit requires more work per minute?; Could your last answer vary depending on which bulbs are used to build the two circuits?&&

The parallel set up required more, the parallel requires a greater force, the parallel set up uses more work per min, Yes it would vary with the voltage of the bulbs used.

&&&& No change in this answer &&&&

&& In a circuit in which one of the bulbs is not glowing, do you think the non-glowing bulb dissipates the greater energy in the series or in the parallel combination?&&

A parallel combination would dissipate more energy.

&&&& No change in this answer &&&&

&& Which circuit would you therefore say required the greater voltage, the series circuit or the parallel circuit?; Which circuit would you say required the greater current, the series circuit or the parallel circuit?&&

The parallel has greater voltage, The parallel has greater force.

&&&& No change in this answer &&&&

&& Cranking so both bulbs glow, the dimmer just barely:; As determined from the force necessary to crank the generator and from the rates at which the generator was cranked, did the series or the parallel circuit seem to require the greater power? As determined from the brightness of the bulbs, which circuit seemed to require the greater power?&&

The parallel requires more power, The brightness is brighter in a series circut.

It is brighter in a seies because the generator is flowing to both bulb directly, as in the parallel, it is going to one first than the other bulb.

&&&& No change in this answer &&&&

&&How long did it take you to complete this experiment?&&

2 hours

&&Optional additional comments and/or questions:&&

**

Current flows freely in most metals, which is why we use metal wires to carry current. It flows poorly in materials such as rubber and plastic, which is why we insulate the wires by surrounding them with rubber or plastic.

When current flows freely, we say that there is little resistance to the flow of current. When current does not flow then there is high resistance to current.

Would this information affect your answers to any of the above questions, and if so how?

Please respond by attaching a copy of this document, including my questions, and by inserting your comments. Designate your comments by *&*&.

"

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Please notify your instructor of the error, using the Submit Work form, and be sure to include the date 02-02-2007.

Good job. Let me know if you have questions.