Assignment 19

course mth 158

7/13 11pm

019. `* 19

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Question: * 2.4.10 (was 2.4.30). (0,1) and (2,3) on diameter **** What are the center, radius and

equation of the indicated circle?

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Your solution:

To find the center, you add the 2 x or y values then divide by 2.

x = 0 + 2 = 2 / 2 = 1

y = 1 + 3 = 4 / 2 = 2

Center is (1,2)

(x-h)^2 + (y+k)^2 = r^2

(x-1)^2 + (y+2)^2 = r^2

(0-1)^2 + (1-2)^2 = r^2

1 + 1 = r^2

2 = r^2

(x - 1)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 2

confidence rating #$&*3

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Given Solution:

* *

The center of the circle is at the midpoint between the endpoints of the diameter, at x coordinate (0 + 2)

/ 2 = 1 and y coordinate (1 + 3) / 2 = 2. i.e., the center is at (1, 2).

Using these coordinates, the general equation (x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2 of a circle becomes

(x-1)^2 + (y-2)^2 = r^2.

Substituting the coordinates of the point (0, 1) we get

(0-1)^2 + (1-2)^2 = r^2 so that

r^2 = 2.

Our equation is therefore

(x-1)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 2.

You should double-check this solution by substituting the coordinates of the point (2, 3).

Another way to find the equation is to simply find the radius from the given points:

The distance from (0,1) to (2,3) is sqrt( (2-0)^2 + (3-1)^2 ) = sqrt(4 + 4) = sqrt(8) = 2 * sqrt(2).

This distance is a diameter so that the radius is 1/2 (2 sqrt(2)) = sqrt(2). *

The equation of a circle centered at (1, 2) and having radius sqrt(2) is

(x-1)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = (sqrt(2)) ^ 2 or

(x-1)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 2

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Self-critique (if necessary):

OK

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Question: * 2.4.14 / 16 (was 2.4.36). What is the standard form of a circle with (h, k) = (1, 0) with

radius 3?

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Your solution:

(x - 1)^2 + (y - 0)^2 = 3^2

confidence rating #$&*3

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Given Solution:

* * The standard form of a circle is (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2, where the center is at (h, k) and the

radius is r.

In this example we have (h, k) = (1, 0). We therefore have

(x-1)^2 +(y - 0)^2 = 3^2.

This is the requested standard form.

This form can be expanded and simplified to a general quadratic form. Expanding (x-1)^2 and squaring the 3

we get

x^2 - 2x +1+y^2 = 9

x^2 - 2x + y^2 = 8.

However this is not the standard form.

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Self-critique rating #$&*OK

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Question: * 2.4.22 / 24 (was 2.4.40). x^2 + (y-1)^2 = 1 **** Give the center and radius of the circle

and explain how they were obtained. In which quadrant(s) was your graph and where did it intercept x

and/or y axes?

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Your solution:

This is in standard form

(x + 0)^2 + (y-1)^2 = 1

So the center is (0, -1), and the r^2 = 1

Then follow algebra rules to find the rest

(x + 0)^2 + (0-1)^2 = 1

x^2 + 1 = 1

x^2 = 0

x = 0

Therefore, the x-intercept (where y is 0) is at (0,0).

For y axis, do the same.

(0 + 0)^2 + (y-1)^2 = 1

sqrt (y-1)^2 = +-1

y-1 = +- 1

y = 0, y = -2

The y intercept is (0,0) and (0,-2)

confidence rating #$&*3

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Given Solution:

* * The standard form of a circle is (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2, where the center is at (h, k) and the

radius is r.

In this example the equation can be written as

(x - 0)^2 + (y-1)^2 = 1

So h = 0 and k = 1, and r^2 = 1. The center of the is therefore (0, -1) and r = sqrt(r^2) = sqrt(1) = 1.

The x intercept occurs when y = 0:

x^2 + (y-1)^2 = 1. I fy = 0 we get

x^2 + (0-1)^2 = 1, which simplifies to

x^2 +1=1, or

x^2=0 so that x = 0. The x intercept is therefore (0, 0).

The y intercept occurs when x = 0 so we obtain

0 + (y-1)^2 = 1, which is just (y - 1)^2 = 1. It follow that

(y-1) = +-1.

If y - 1 = 1 we get y = 2; if y - 1 = -1 we get y -2. So the y-intercepts are

(0,0) and (0,-2)

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Question: * 2.4.32 / 34 (was 2.4.48). 2 x^2 + 2 y^2 + 8 x + 7 = 0 **** Give the center and radius of the

circle and explain how they were obtained. In which quadrant(s) was your graph and where did it intercept

x and/or y axes?

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Your solution:

2x^2 + 8x + 2y^2 = -7

Divide by 2

x^2 + 4x + y^2 = -7/2

x^2 + 4x + 4 + y^2 = -7/2 + 4

(x + 2 )^2 + y^2 = 1/2

Therefore, the center is at (2,0) with the r^2= 1/2. The r = sqrt(1/2)

(x + 2)^2 + (0 + 0)^2 = sqrt(1/2)

x + 2 = +-(sqrt1/2)

x = (sqrt(1/2))-2, x = (sqrt(1/2))+2

x = apx - 1.29, x = apx 2.7

x intercepts (-1.29, 0), (2.7, 0)

(0+2)^2 + (y+0)^2

4 + (y+0)^2= sqrt (1/2)

y + 0 ^2 = + - sqrt(1/2) - 4

The y coordinate would be negative, which is impossible. No y int.

confidence rating #$&*3

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Given Solution:

* * We first want to complete the squares on the x and y terms:

Starting with

2x^2+ 2y^2 +8x+7=0 we group x and y terms to get

2x^2 +8x +2y^2 =-7. We then divide by the common factor 2 to get

x^2 +4x + y^2 = -7/2. We complete the square on x^2 + 4x, adding to both sides (4/2)^2 = 4, to get

x^2 + 4x + 4 + y^2 = -7/2 + 4. We factor the expression x^2 + 4x + 4 to obtain

(x+2)^2 + y^2 = 1/2.

We interpret our result:

The standard form of the equation of a circle is

(x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2,

where the center is the point (h, k) and the radius is r.

Matching this with our equation

(x+2)^2 + y^2 = 1/2

we find that h = -2, k = 0 and r^2 = 1/2. We conclude that

the center is (-2,0)

the radius is sqrt (1/2).

To get the intercepts:

We use (x+2)^2 + y^2 = 1/2

If y = 0 then we have

(x+2)^2 + 0^2 = 1/2

(x+2)^2 = 1/2

(x+2) = +- sqrt(1/2)

x + 2 = sqrt(1/2) yields x = sqrt(1/2) - 2 = -1.3 approx.

x + 2 = -sqrt(1/2) yields x = -sqrt(1/2) - 2 = -2.7 approx

(note: The above solutions are approximate. The exact solutions can be expressed according to the

following:

sqrt(1/2) = 1 / sqrt(2) = sqrt(2) / 2, found by rationalizing the denominator; so sqrt(1/2) - 2 = sqrt

(2)/2 - 2 = (sqrt(2) - 4) / 2. This is an exact solution for one x intercept. The other is (-sqrt(2) -

4) / 2.

If x = 0 we have

(0+2)^2 + y^2 = 1/2

4 + y^2 = 1/2

y^2 = 1/2 - 4 = -7/2.

y^2 cannot be negative so there is no y intercept. This is consistent with the fact that a circle

centered at (2, 0) with radius sqrt(1/2) lies entirely to the right of the y axis. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Question: * 2.4.40 / 30 (was 2.4.54). General equation if diameter contains (4, 3) and (0, 1). **** Give

the general equation for your circle and explain how it was obtained.

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Your solution:

Find the center

4 + 0 = 4 / 2 = 2

3 + 1 = 4 / 2 = 2

Center is (2, 2)

Now, you must find the radius to one of the points from the center.

(4-2)^2 + (3-2)^2 = r^2

2^2+ 1^2 = r^2

4 + 1 = r^2

5 = r^2

sqrt(5) = r

Now, substitute into the equation.

(x- 2)^2 + (y-2)^2 = (sqrt(5))^2

(x-2)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 5

confidence rating #$&*2

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Given Solution:

* * The center of the circle is the midpoint between the two points, which is ((4+0)/2, (3+1)/2) = (2,

2).

The radius of the circle is the distance from the center to either of the given points. The distance from

(2, 2) to (0, 1) is sqrt( (2-0)^2 + (2-1)^2 ) = sqrt(5).

The equation of the circle is therefore found from the standard equation, which is

(x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2,

where the center is the point (h, k) and the radius is r.

Since the center is at (2, 2) and the radius is sqrt(5), our equation is

(x-2)^2 + (y-2)^2 = (sqrt(5))^2 or

(x-2)^2 + (y-2)^2 = 5. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

OK

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