Section 14

#$&*

course Mth 158

just a note: thanks for letting me know that you have received my test. no apologies necessary on the grade status, as i understand you have many classes and students that require attention, i was just was worried i had done something incorrectly and you had not gotten it. thanks again, Shane.

If your solution to stated problem does not match the given solution, you should self-critique per instructions at http://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/geninfo/labrynth_created_fall_05/levl1_22/levl2_81/file3_259.htm.

Your solution, attempt at solution:

If you are unable to attempt a solution, give a phrase-by-phrase interpretation of the problem along with a statement of what you do or do not understand about it.This response should be given, based on the work you did in completing the assignment, before you look at the given solution.

012. `* 12

* 1.4.12 (was 1.4.6). Explain how you found the real solutions of the equation (1-2x)^(1/3) - 1 = 0

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Your solution:

To solve this problem we first add 1 to both sides to isolate the term (1-2x)^(1/3) giving (1-2x)^(1/3)=1. Now we multiply both sides by a degree of 3. Giving 1-2x=1, once we have this we then subtract one from both sides giving -2x=0 and then divide both sides by a -2x giving x=0. So x=0 is our solution.

confidence rating #$&*:ok

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Given Solution:

* * Starting with

(1-2x)^(1/3)-1=0

add 1 to both sides to get

(1-2x)^(1/3)=1

then raise both sides to the power 3 to get

[(1-2x)^(1/3)]^3 = 1^3.

Since [(1-2x)^(1/3)]^3 = (1 - 2x) ^( 1/3 * 3) = (1-2x)^1 = 1 - 2x we have

1-2x=1.

Adding -1 to both sides we get

-2x=0

so that

x=0.

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Self-critique (if necessary):ok

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Self-critique Rating:ok

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Question: * 1.4.28 (was 1.4.18). Explain how you found the real solutions of the equation sqrt(3x+7) + sqrt(x+2) = 1.

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Your solution:

To solve this problem we multiply by a degree of 2 to eliminate the sqrts. Once this is done we have 3x+7+x+2=1, now we combine like terms giving 4x+9=1 now we isolate the x variable by subtracting 9 from both sides giving 4x=-8 then we divide both sides by 4 giving x=-2.

confidence rating #$&*:ok

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Given Solution:

* * Starting with

sqrt(3x+7)+sqrt(x+2)=1

we could just square both sides, recalling that (a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2 a b + b^2.

This would be valid but instead we will add -sqrt(x+2) to both sides to get a form with a square root on both sides. This choice is arbitrary; it could be done either way. We get

sqrt(3x+7)= -sqrt(x+2) + 1 .

Now we square both sides to get

sqrt(3x+7)^2 =[ -sqrt(x+2) +1]^2.

Expanding the right-hand side using (a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2 a b + b^2 with a = -sqrt(x+2) and b = 1:

3x+7= x+2 - 2sqrt(x+2) +1.

Note that whatever we do we can't avoid that term -2 sqrt(x+2).

Simplifying

3x+7= x+ 3 - 2sqrt(x+2)

then adding -(x+3) we have

3x+7-x-3 = -2sqrt(x+2).

Squaring both sides we get

(2x+4)^2 = (-2sqrt(x+2))^2.

Note that when you do this step you square away the - sign. This can result in extraneous solutions.

We get

4x^2+16x+16= 4(x+2).

Applying the distributive law we have

4x^2+16x+16=4x+8.

Adding -4x - 8 to both sides we obtain

4x^2+12x+8=0.

Factoring 4 we get

4*((x+1)(x+2)=0

and dividing both sides by 4 we have

(x+1)(x+2)=0

Applying the zero principle we end up with

(x+1)(x+2)=0

so that our potential solution set is

x= {-1, -2}.

Both of these solutions need to be checked in the original equation sqrt(3x+7)+sqrt(x+2)=1

As it turns out:

the solution -1 gives us sqrt(4) + sqrt(1) = 1 or 2 + 1 = 1, which isn't true,

while

the solution -2 gives us sqrr(1) + sqrt(0) = 1 or 1 + 0 = 1, which is true.

• x = -1 is an extraneous solution that was introduced in our squaring step.

• Thus our only solution is x = -2. **

STUDENT QUESTION

I got to the third step but I got confused on what to eliminate or substitute in, looking at the solution, im still a little confused on how it all worked out. U got any suggestions on how to look at it in a better way???

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

You're pretty much stuck with this technique and this way of looking at the problem.

It should be pretty clear to you that

(sqrt(x+3))^2 is just x + 3.

Squaring the expression [ -sqrt(x+2) +1] is a little more challenging.

We could use the distributive law:

[ -sqrt(x+2) +1]^2

= [-sqrt(x + 2) + 1 ] * [-sqrt(x + 2) + 1 ]

= -sqrt(x+2) * [-sqrt(x + 2) + 1 ] + 1 * [-sqrt(x + 2) + 1 ]

= -sqrt(x+2) * (-sqrt(x + 2) ) + (-sqrt(x + 2) * 1 + 1 * (-sqrt(x + 2) ) + 1 * 1

= (x + 2) - sqrt(x + 2) - sqrt(x + 2) + 1

= x+2 - 2sqrt(x+2) +1.

Once we get the equation

3x+7= x+2 - 2sqrt(x+2) +1

we see that we still need to 'get to' that x within the square root. To do that we rearrange the equation so that the square root is on one side, all by itself, so we can square it without dragging a lot of other stuff along.

So we do a couple of steps and we get

3x+7-x-3 = -2sqrt(x+2).

If we square both sides of this equation, we get rid of all the square roots and we get x out where we can deal with it.

The details are in the given solution, but we get the equation

4x^2+16x+16= 4(x+2).

This equation now has x^2 and x terms, so we know it's a quadratic, and we rearrange and solve it as such. The details are in the given solution.

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Self-critique (if necessary):my final answer came out right, seeing as -1 would not work and -2 did, but my method in solving the problem was completely wrong im afraid. Is the method I used ok or was this just luck that it worked out?????????

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Self-critique Rating:2

@&

That was just luck.

Your solution also failed to find the possible solution x = -1. That solution didn't work out, but in many equations it would.

You error: You can square both sides of an equation, but you can't go through it squaring individual terms.

The square of the left-hand side would be

(sqrt(3x+7) + sqrt( x + 2) ) * (sqrt(3x+7) + sqrt( x + 2) ) =

sqrt(3x+7) * sqrt(3x + 7) + sqrt(3x + 7) * sqrt(x + 2) + sqrt(x+2) * sqrt(3x + 7) + sqrt( x+2) * sqrt(x + 2)

= (3x + 7) + 2 sqrt(3x + 7) sqrt(x + 2) + (x+2)

*@

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Question: * 1.4.40 (was 1.4.30). Explain how you found the real solutions of the equation x^(3/4) - 9 x^(1/4) = 0.

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Your solution:

First we notice that a common factor can be factored out (x^1/4), this gives x^1/4(x^1/2-9)=0 so now x^1/4 can be set equal to 0 giving x=0. In the second term we add 9 to both sides giving x^1/2=9 and to isolate the x variable we multiply both sides by a degree of 2 giving x=81. So our solutions are x=0 and x=81.

confidence rating #$&*:ok

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Given Solution:

* * Here we can factor x^(1/4) from both sides:

Starting with

x^(3/4) - 9 x^(1/4) = 0

we factor as indicated to get

x^(1/4) ( x^(1/2) - 9) = 0.

Applying the zero principle we get

x^(1/4) = 0 or x^(1/2) - 9 = 0

which gives us

x = 0 or x^(1/2) = 9.

Squaring both sides of x^(1/2) = 9 we get x = 81.

• So our solution set is {0, 81). **

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Self-critique (if necessary):ok

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Self-critique Rating:ok

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Question: * 1.4.46 (was 1.4.36). Explain how you found the real solutions of the equation x^6 - 7 x^3 - 8 =0

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Your solution:

Is this problem we have to, for lack of a better word, trick the equation into an equation that is easier to solve. To do this we let another variable represent a portion of x. so we will use b=x^3, when we do this it changes the equation to b^2-7b-8=0. Now we can easily factor this giving us (b+1)(b-8)=0 now we set these equal to zero giving b=-1 and b=8. Now we have to account for the b representing x^3 so x^3=-1 and x^3=8 giving x=-1^(1/3) and x=8^(1/3). Since 8 is a perfect cube it becomes x=2 and the other becomes x=-1 because -1*-1=1 and then 1*-1=-1. So our solutions are x=-1 and x=2.

confidence rating #$&*:ok

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Given Solution:

* * Let a = x^3.

Then a^2 = x^6 and the equation x^6 - 7x^3 - 8=0 becomes

a^2 - 7 a - 8 = 0.

This factors into

(a-8)(a+1) = 0,

with solutions

a = 8, a = -1.

Since a = x^3 the solutions are

• x^3 = 8 and

• x^3 = -1.

We solve these equations to get

• x = 8^(1/3) = 2

and

• x = (-1)^(1/3) = -1.

STUDENT QUESTION

I am confused as to why you substituted the a. I know how to do this on the calculator by using y = and 2nd graph to get the solution (-1, 2)

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

If you substitute a for x^3, then you end up with a quadratic equation that can be easily factored.

If a = x^3, then x^6 = a^2 so the equation becomes

a^2 - 7 a - 8 = 0.

We factor this and find that a can be either 8 or -1.

So x^3 can be either 8 or -1.

Thus x can be either 2 or -1.

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Self-critique (if necessary):ok

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Self-critique Rating:ok

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Question: * 1.4.64 (was 1.4.54). Explain how you found the real solutions of the equation x^2 - 3 x - sqrt(x^2 - 3x) = 2.

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Your solution:

To solve this we use the method used in the previous problem, so we substitute a for sqrt(x^2-3x) giving the problem a^2-a=2. Now we subtract 2 from both sides and get a^2-a-2=0, now we can factor giving (a-2)(a+1)=0. Now we set these terms equal to 0 giving a=2 and a=-1. We have to remember that we substituted a for sqrt(x^2-3x) so we bring that back in. So sqrt(x^2-3x)=-1 and sqrt(x^2-3x)=2 and considering we can’t have a negative sqrt the first is not an option. So sqrt(x^2-3x)=2 simplifies to x^2-3x=4 when we multiply everything by a degree of 2. Then we subtract 4 from both sides giving x^2-3x-4=0 and now we factor giving (x-4)(x+1)=0 and setting each term equal to 0 we get x=4 and x=-1.

confidence rating #$&*:2

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Given Solution:

* * Let u = sqrt(x^2 - 3x).

Then u^2 = x^2 - 3x, and the equation is

u^2 - u = 2.

Rearrange to get

u^2 - u - 2 = 0.

Factor to get

(u-2)(u+1) = 0.

• Solutions are u = 2, u = -1.

Substituting x^2 - 3x back in for u we get

sqrt(x^2 - 3 x) = 2

and

sqrt(x^2 - 3 x) = -1.

The second is impossible since sqrt can't be negative.

The first gives us

sqrt(x^2 - 3x) = 2

so

x^2 - 3x = 4.

Rearranging we have

x^2 - 3x - 4 = 0

so that

(x-4)(x+1) = 0

and

x = 4 or x = -1.

STUDENT QUESTION

I got stuck on this part u=(-sqrt2+-sqrt10)/2, but after I looked at the solution, it made a little more sense to me, but im not real confident. Got any suggestions on how to approach it in a different way???

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

Plugging into the quadratic formula we get

u=(-sqrt2+-sqrt10)/2,

meaning u can take one of the two values

u=(-sqrt2+sqrt10)/2

or

u=(-sqrt2-sqrt10)/2.

These quantities are just plain old numbers, which you could evaluate (up to some roundoff) on your calculator.

The first possible value of u is about equal to about .874.

The second possible value of u is negative.

Now u stands for x^2, so we ignore the negative value of u (this since x^2 can't be negative).

So we're left with

x^2 = u = .874.

So x = +- sqrt(.874), giving us the values of x in the given solution.

STUDENT QUESTION

I still do not understand using u. I can do it from the 2nd step. Problem: u^2 - u - 2 = 0. Factor: (u-2)(u + 1) = 0. You get u = 2, -1. You will solve x^2 - 3x -4. Factor will be (x - 4)(x + 1) = 0. Solutions are 4, -1.

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

The left-hand side consists of

x^2 - 3x

and

the square root of x^2 - 3x.

So instead of

x^2 - 3 x - sqrt(x^2 - 3x)

we write the left-hand side as

u - sqrt(u),

which is easier to deal with.

We solve for u, then come back and figure out what value(s) of x give us our values of u.

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Self-critique (if necessary):I arrived at the correct answer but there were so many steps I was afraid I had gone wrong somewhere.

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Self-critique Rating:2

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Question: * 1.4.92 \ 90 (was 1.4.66). Explain how you found the real solutions of the equation x^4 + sqrt(2) x^2 - 2 = 0.

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Your solution:

To solve this problem I first substituted a=x^2 making the problem a^2+sqrt(2)a-2=0 then I tried to put this into the quadratic formula which I know as -b(+)(-)sqrt(b)^2-4*a*c/2*a. when I tried this however I ran into problems that did not match your given solution. I think it seems that the a variable is not present in your given solution and a sqrt root that im not sure where it came from. The way I understand to plug in the variables would be -sqrt(2)(+)(-)sqrt(sqrt(2)^2-4*u^2*-2/2*u^2. Perhaps you can show me what I have done wrong.

@&

a isn't a good variable to use in a quadratic equation, since it could be easily confused with the coefficient of the squared term, which is traditionally represented by a.

Your equation

a^2+sqrt(2)a-2=0

is completely equivalent to

u^2 + sqrt(2)u-2=0

for which we can specify quadratic coefficients a = 1, b = sqrt(2) and c = -2.

Plugging these into the quadratic formula, we get

(-b +- sqrt( b^2 - 4 a c) ) / 2 a =

(-sqrt(2) +- sqrt( (sqrt(2)^2 - 4 * 1 * (-2) ) ) / (2 * 1)

= (-sqrt(2) +- sqrt( 2 + 8) ) / 2

= (-sqrt(2) +- sqrt(10) ) / 2.

*@

confidence rating #$&*:1

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Given Solution:

* * Starting with

x^4+ sqrt(2)x^2-2=0

we let u=x^2 so that u^2 = x^4 giving us the equation

u^2 + sqrt(2)u-2=0

Using the quadratic formula

u=(-sqrt2 +- sqrt(2-(-8))/2

so

u=(-sqrt2+-sqrt10)/2

Note that u = (-sqrt(2) - sqrt(10) ) / 2 is negative, and u = ( -sqrt(2) + sqrt(10) ) / 2 is positive.

u = x^2, so u can only be positive. Thus the only solutions are the solutions to the equation come from

x^2 = ( -sqrt(2) + sqrt(10) ) / 2.

The solutions are

x = sqrt( ( -sqrt(2) + sqrt(10) ) / 2 )

and

x = -sqrt( ( -sqrt(2) + sqrt(10) ) / 2 ).

Approximations to three significant figures are

• x = .935

and

• x = -.935.

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Self-critique (if necessary): I think it seems that the a variable is not present in your given solution and a sqrt root that im not sure where it came from. The way I understand to plug in the variables would be -sqrt(2)(+)(-)sqrt(sqrt(2)^2-4*u^2*-2/2*u^2. Perhaps you can show me what I have done wrong.

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Self-critique Rating:2

Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating:

&#This looks good. See my notes. Let me know if you have any questions. &#