assignment1

course mth 163

µ¡Ö{Í“‚«Š¨“õ¤ÞèÏ}þº±ŠStudent Name:

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assignment #001

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14:59:41

`q001. Note that this assignment has 10 questions

Solve the following system of simultaneous linear equations:

3a + 3b = 9

6a + 5b = 16.

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RESPONSE -->

(3a + 3b)-5 = -45

(6a + 5b)3 = 48

-15a - 15b = -45

18a + 15b = 48

3a = 3

a=1

3(1) + 3b = 9

3b = 6

b=2

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15:00:09

The system

3a + 3b = 9

6a + 5b = 16

can be solved by adding an appropriate multiple of one equation in

order to eliminate one of the variables.

Since the coefficient of a in the second equation (the coefficient

of a in the second equation is 6)) is double that in the first (the

coefficient of a in the first equation is 3), we can multiply the

first equation by -2 in order to make the coefficients of a equal

and opposite:

-2 * [ 3a + 3b ] = -2 [ 9 ]

6a + 5b = 16

gives us

-6a - 6 b = -18

6a + 5b = 16

. Adding the two equations together we obtain

-b = -2, or just b = 2.

Substituting b = 2 into the first equation we obtain

3 a + 3(2) = 9, or

3 a + 6 = 9 so that

3 a = 3 and

a = 1.

Our solution is therefore a = 1, b = 2. This solution is verified

by substituting these values into the second equation, where we get

6 * 1 + 5 * 2 = 6 + 10 = 16.

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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15:03:32

`q002. Solve the following system of simultaneous linear equations

using the method of elimination:

4a + 5b = 18

6a + 9b = 30.

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RESPONSE -->

(4a + 5b)-6 = -108

(6a + 9b)4 = 120

-24a -30b = -108

24a + 36b = 120

6b = 12

b=2

4a + 5(2) = 18

4a = 8

a= 2

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15:04:57

In the system

4a + 5b = 18

6a + 9b = 30 we see that the coefficients of b are relatively prime

and so have a least common multiple equal to 5 * 9, whereas the

coefficients 4 and 6 of a have a least common multiple of 12. We

could therefore 'match' the coefficients of a and b by multiplying

the first equation by 9 in the second by -5 in order to eliminate b,

or by multiplying the first equation by 3 and the second by -2 in

order to eliminate a. Choosing the latter in order to keep the

number smaller, we obtain

3 * [4a + 5b ] = 3 * 18

-2 * [ 6a + 9b ] = -2 * 30, or

12 a + 15 b = 54

-12 a - 18 b = -60.

Adding the two we get

-3 b = -6, so

b = 2.

Substituting this value into the first equation we obtain

4 a + 5 * 2 = 18, or

4 a + 10 = 18, which we easily solve to obtain

a = 2.

Substituting this value of a into the second equation we obtain

6 * 2 + 9 * 2 = 30,

which verifies our solution.

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RESPONSE -->

okay.

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15:05:59

`q003. If y = 5x + 8, then for what value of x will we have y = 13?

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RESPONSE -->

13 = 5x + 8

-8

5 = 5x

x=1

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15:06:04

We first substitute y = 13 into the equation y = 5 x + 8 to obtain

13 = 5 x + 8. Subtracting 8 from both equations and reversing the

equality we obtain

5 x = 5, which we easily solve to obtain

x = 1.

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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15:10:39

`q004. Sketch a set of coordinate axes representing y vs. x, with y

on the vertical axis and x on the horizontal axis, and plot the

points (1, -2), (3, 5) and (7, 8). Sketch a smooth curve passing

through these three points. On your curve, what are the y

coordinates corresponding to x coordinates 1, 3, 5 and 7? Estimate

these coordinates as accurately as you can from your graph.

Retain your sketch for use in future assignments.

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RESPONSE -->

when x = 1, y = -2

when x = 3, y = 5

when x = 5, y = 7

when x = 7, y = 8

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15:13:34

The x coordinates 1, 3 and 7 match the x coordinates of the three

given points, the y coordinates will be the y coordinates -2, 3 and

8, respectively, of those points. At x = 5 the precise value of x,

for a perfect parabola, would be 8 1/3, or about 8.333.

Drawn with complete accuracy a parabola through these points will

peak between x = 3 in and x = 7, though unless you have a very fine

sense of the shape of a parabola your sketch might well peak

somewhere to the right of x = 7. The peak of the actual parabola

will occur close to x = 6, and the value at x = 7 will be just a bit

greater than 8, perhaps 8.5 or so.

If your peak was to the right of x = 7, your x = 5 value will be

lass than 7.

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RESPONSE -->

Mine was going to peak a little to the right of x = 7.

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15:16:13

`q005. Using your sketch from the preceding exercise, estimate the

x coordinates corresponding to y coordinates 1, 3, 5 and 7. Also

estimate the x values at which y is 0.

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RESPONSE -->

when y = 1, x = 1.75

when y = 3, x = 2.2

when y = 5, x = 3

when y = 7, x = 5

when y = 0, x = 1.5

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15:16:52

The easiest way to estimate your points would be to make horizontal

lines on your graph at y = 1, 3, 5 and 7. You would easily locate

the points were these lines intersect your graph, then estimate the

x coordinates of these points.

For the actual parabola passing through the given points, y will be

1 when x = 1.7 (and also, if your graph extended that far, near x =

10).

y = 3 near x = 2.3 (and near x = 9.3).

y = 5 at the given point (3, 5), where x = 3.

y = 7 near x = 4 (and also near x = 7.7).

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RESPONSE -->

okay.

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15:20:56

`q006. Suppose the graph you used in the preceding two exercises

represents the profit y on an item, with profit given in cents, when

the selling price is x, with selling price in dollars. According to

your graph what would be the profit if the item is sold for 4

dollars? What selling price would result in a profit of 7 cents?

Why is this graph not a realistic model of profit vs. selling price?

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RESPONSE -->

If the price is $4, my graph shows the profit as about 6 cents.

if the profit is 7 cents, my graph shows the price being about 5

dollars.

The graph would run into problems after it peaked, because it would

start showing profits decreasing while the selling price was still

increasing, which doesn't really make sense.

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15:21:33

To find the profit for a selling price of x = 4 dollars, we would

look at the x = 4 point on the graph. This point is easily located

by sketching a vertical line through x = 4. Projecting over to the

y-axis from this point, you should have obtained an x value

somewhere around 7.

The profit is the y value, so to obtain the selling price x

corresponding to a profit of y = 7 we sketch the horizontal line at

y = 7, which as in a preceding exercise will give us x values of

about 4 (or x = 7.7, approx.).

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RESPONSE -->

Okay. My graph is a little off, obviously.

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15:24:15

`q007. On another set of coordinate axes, plot the points (-3, 4)

and (5, -2). Sketch a straight line through these points. We will

obtain an approximate equation for this line:

First substitute the x and y coordinates of the first point into the

form y = m x + b. What equation do you obtain?

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RESPONSE -->

4 = m(-3) + b

4 = -3m + b

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15:24:27

Substituting x = -3 and y = 4 into the form y = m x + b, we obtain

the equation

4 = -3 m + b. Reversing the sides we have -3 m + b = 4.

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RESPONSE -->

okay.

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15:25:11

`q008. Substitute the coordinates of the point (5, -2) into the

form y = m x + b. What equation do you get?

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RESPONSE -->

-2 = m(5) + b

-2 = 5m + b

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15:25:31

Substituting x = 5 and y = -2 into the form y = m x + b, we obtain

the equation

-2 = 5 m + b. Reversing the sides we have 5 m + b = -2

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RESPONSE -->

okay

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15:25:59

`q009. You have obtained the equations -3 m + b = 4 and 5 m + b =

-2

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RESPONSE -->

yes

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15:30:32

. Use the method of elimination to solve these simultaneous

equations for m and b.

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RESPONSE -->

(-3m + b)1 = (1)4

(5m + b)-1 = (-2)-1

-3m + b = 4

-5m -b = 2

-8m = 6

m = -3/4 or -.75

5(-.75) + b = -2

-3.75 + b = -2

b = 1.75

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15:30:58

Starting with the system

-3 m + b = 4

5 m + b = -2

we can easily eliminate b by subtracting the equations. If we

subtract the first equation from the second we obtain

-8 m = 6, with solution

m = -3/4.

Substituting this value into the first equation we obtain

(-3/4) * -3 + b = 4, which we easily solve to obtain

b = 7/4.

To check our solution we substitute m = -3/4 and b = 7/4 into the

second equation, obtaining

5 ( -3/4) + 7/4 = -2, which gives us -8/4 = -2 or -2 = -2.

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RESPONSE -->

okay

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15:32:19

`q010. Substitute your solutions b = 7/4 and m = -3/4 into the

original form y = m x + b. What equation do you obtain? What is

the significance of this equation?

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RESPONSE -->

y = (-3/4)x + 7/4

This is the equation of the line. It gives its slope (-3/4), and

the place where it crosses the y axis.

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15:32:29

Substituting b = 7/4 and m = -3/4 into the form y = m x + b, we

obtain the equation

y = -3/4 x + 7/4.

This is the equation of the straight line through the given points

(-3, 4) and (5, -2).

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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"

This looks good. Let me know if you have questions.