Your work on bottle thermometer has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
Your optional message or comment:
What happens when you pull water up into the vertical tube then remove the tube from your mouth?
I expected the water to stay in the vertical tube once the cap was placed on the pressure valve. However, the water dropped back into the container because we were adding pressure to the space above the water not the water itself.
What happens when you remove the pressure-release cap?
When I remove the cap from the pressure-valve tube I expect a small amount of air to escape the system causing the system to equalize.
What happened when you blew a little air into the bottle?
When you blow into the vertical tube the air column in the pressure-indicating tube moves a little and when you remove the vertical tube from your mouth the air column in the pressure-indicating tube moves slowly back to its original position. However, when you remove your mouth from the vertical tube water quickly rises up into the tube and slowly drops down back into the container.
The length of the air column in the pressure indicating tube changed length because there was added pressure. However, once the pressure stopped being applied the air column moved back to its original position.
If the water slowly falls this indicates a slow leak in the system.
The increased pressure forced water up into the vertical tube once your mouth was removed. (Which was not initially expected, but after some thought made perfect sense.)
Your estimate of the pressure difference due to a 1% change in pressure, the corresponding change in air column height, and the required change in air temperature:
1000 N/m^2
10 cm
3 K
Took 1.0 x 10^5 and multiplied by 0.01 = 1000 N/m^2
h = P/(pg) = 1000N/m^2/[(1.0x10^3)(9.81 m/s^2)] = 10 cm
Your estimate of degrees of temperature change, amount of pressure change and change in vertical position of water column for 1% temperature change:
3 K
333 N/m^2
3.3 cm
300 K x 0.01 = 3 K
1000 N/m^2 / 3 = 333 N/m^2
10cm / 3 = 3.3 cm
The temperature change corresponding to a 1 cm difference in water column height, and to a 1 mm change:
0.3 K
0.003 K
water column position (cm) vs. thermometer temperature (Celsius)
19.8,0
19.8,-1.5
19.8,-2.5
19.8,-3.5
19.8,-4.5
19.8,-4.8
19.8,-5.1
19.8,-6.1
19.8,-6.4
19.7,-7.0
19.7,-8.1
19.7,-8.6
19.7,-8.7
19.7,-9.0
19.7,-9.7
19.7,-10.4
19.7,-10.5
19.7,-11.0
19.7,-11.4
19.7,-11.7
Trend of temperatures; estimates of maximum deviation of temperature based on both air column and alcohol thermometer.
Water column heights after pouring warm water over the bottle:
19.7,+12.0
19.7,+4.5
19.7,0.0
19.7,-4.8
19.7,-7.0
19.7,-10.0
19.7,-12.0
Response of the system to indirect thermal energy from your hands:
My hands did not warm the air in the bottle in any way that was measurable.
Had it not been for the slow leak the difference would have been measurable.
position of meniscus in horizontal tube vs. alcohol thermometer temperature at 30-second intervals
19.8,+42.0
19.8,+40.0
19.8,+36.0
19.8,+33.0
19.8,+31.0
19.8,+27.0
19.8,+24.0
19.8,+21.0
19.8,+15.0
19.8,+2.0
What happened to the position of the meniscus in the horizontal tube when you held your warm hands near the container?
When I placed my warm hands near the container the water level stopped decreasing, however it did not increase a considerable amount.
Pressure change due to movement of water in horizonal tube, volume change due to 10 cm change in water position, percent change in air volume, change in temperature, difference if air started at 600 K:
None.
0.3 cm^3
0.3 cm^3
Not sure.
Not sure.
Why weren't we concerned with changes in gas volume with the vertical tube?
The change in volume was negligable.
Pressure change to raise water 6 cm, necessary temperature change in vicinity of 300 K, temperature change required to increase 3 L volume by .7 cm^3:
590 N/m^2
2
1180 N/m^2
The effect of a 1 degree temperature increase on the water column in a vertical tube, in a horizontal tube, and the slope required to halve the preceding result:
2
not sure
45 degrees
Optional additional comments and/or questions:
Your results here look good.