Query Assignment 3

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course Mth 151

003. `Query 3

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Question: `qQuery 2.3.15 This might differ from the problem as given in the text, but you should be able to answer it for the given sets: universal set U = {a,b, c,…,g}, X={a,c,e,g}, Y = {a,b,c}, Z = {b, ..., f}

What is the set (Y ^ Z')U X?

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Your solution:

(Y^Z’) = {a,b,c,g}U{a,c,e,g} = {a,b,c,e,g}

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Given Solution:

`a**Z' = {a,g}, the set of all elements of the universal set not in Z. Y ^ Z' = {a}, since a is the only element common to both Y and Z'.

So (Y ^ Z') U X = {a, c, e, g}, the set of all elements which lie in at least one of the sets (Y ^ Z') U X. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

After reworking it I understand why is {a,c,e,g} I wanted to include “b” because Y had it in it. But I realized that that symbol ^ means what they both have in common and that is “a”

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Self-critique Rating:

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Question: `qGive the intersection of the two sets Y and Z'

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Your solution:

The intersection of the two sets Y and Z’ is {a}

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Given Solution:

`a**Z' = {a,g}, the set of all elements of the universal set not in Z. Y ^ Z' = {a}, since a is the only element common to both Y and Z'.**

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Self-critique (if necessary):

Sorry I am not sure what the answer is. I put {a}. I do understand that Z’ = {a,g} and Y = {a,b,c} so they both have “a” in common; which should be the intersection.

@& Your answer agrees with the given solution. Y ^ Z ' = {a}.*@

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Question: `qQuery 2.3.32 (formerly 2.3.30). This was not assigned, but you answered a series of similar questions and should be able to give a reasonable answer to this one: Describe in words (A ^ B' ) U (B ^ A')

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Your solution:

The set of all elements that are in A, and not in B. The set of all elements in B and not in A.

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Given Solution:

`a** a description, not using a lot of set-theoretic terms, of (A ^ B' ) U (B ^ A') would be, all the elements that are in A and not in B, or that are not in A and are in B

Or you might want to say something like 'elements which are in A but not B OR which are in B but not A'.

STUDENT SOLUTION WITH INSTRUCTOR COMMENT:everything that is in set A and not in set B or everything that is in set B and is not in set A.

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: I'd avoid the use of 'everything' unless the word is necessary to the description. Otherwise it's likely to be misleading. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I got it right but instead of using the word “or” I just started a new sentence. Does it need to be stated using “or” or was it okay the way I wrote it?????

Self-critique Rating:

@& I understood your meaning, but the word 'or' is important.*@

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Question: `q2.3.53 (formerly 2.3.51) Is it always or not always true that n(A U B) = n(A)+n(B)? This was not among the assigned questions but having completed the assignment you should be able to answer this.

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Your solution:

It is true.

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Given Solution:

`a** This conclusion is contradicted by many examples, including the one of the dark-haired and bright-eyed people in the q_a_.

Basically n(A U B) isn't equal to n(A) + n(B) if there are some elements which are in both sets--i.e., in the intersection.

MORE DETAIL: The statement can be either true or false, depending on the sets A and B; it is not always true.

The statement n(A U B) = n(A)+n(B) means that the number of elements in A U B is equal to the sum of the number of elements in A and the number of elements in B.

The statement would be true for A = { c, f } and B = { a, g, h} because A U B would be { a, c, f, g, h} so n(A U B) = 5, and n(A) + n(B) = 2 + 3 = 5.

The statement would not be true for A = { c, f, g } and B = { a, g, h} because A U B would be the same as before so n(AUB) = 5, while n(A) + n(B) = 3 + 3 = 6.

The precise condition for which the statement is true is that A and B have nothing in common. In that case n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B). A more precise mathematical way to state this is to say that n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) if and only if the intersection A ^ B of the two sets is empty. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

So sorry I forgot about how we would be adding them. I understand that it could be either true or false depending how many elements are in the set.

@& No need to apologize. We all need to make some mistakes in order to learn.*@

Self-critique Rating:

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Question: `qQuery 2.3.60 X = {1,3,5}, Y = {1,2,3}. Find (X ^ Y)' and X' U Y'.

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Your solution:

(X^Y)’ = {2,4}; {4,5} = {4}

X’UY’ = {2,4}; {4,5} = {2,4,5}

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Given Solution:

`a** X ^ Y = {1,3} so (X ^ Y) ' = {1,3}' = {2, 4, 5}.

(X ' U Y ' ) = {2, 4} U {4, 5} = {2, 4, 5}

The two resulting sets are equal so a reasonable conjecture would be that (X ^ Y)' = X' U Y'. **

STUDENT QUESTION:

Where did the 4 come from?

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE:

I believe this problem, as stated in the text, indicates that the universal set is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I am confused, how you got the answer {1, 3}????? I would think that would be {4} because that is what the two have in common using the universal. Or should it of only been between X and Y???? Which I see how you would of gotten the {1, 3}

@& If X = {1,3,5}, Y = {1,2,3}, then X ^ Y = {1, 3}. 5 is not in this intersection.

The completement of the set {1, 3} is {2, 4, 5}.*@

Self-critique Rating:

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Question: `q2.3.72 A = {3,6,9,12}, B = {6,8}.

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Your solution:

A X B = {(3,6), (3,8), (6,6), (6,8), (9,6), (9,8), (12,6), (12,8)}

B X A = {(6,3),(6,6), (6,9), (6,12), (8,3), (8,6), (8,9), (8,12)}

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Given Solution:

`a** (A X B) = {(3,6),(3,8),(6,6),(6,8),(9,6),(9,8),(12,6), (12,8)}

(B X A) = (6,3),(6,6),(6,9),(6,12),(8,3),(8,6),(8,9),(8,12)}

How is n(A x B) related to n(A) and n(B)?

n(S) stands for the number of elements in the set S, i.e., its cardinality.

n(A x B) = n(A) * n(B) **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I got the answer right. I actually understand this part of the chapter. Wish the rest would be this easy.

Self-critique Rating:

@& Most of the course is on approximately this general level of difficulty, but of course different people will find different topics more difficult.

You're doing fine.*@

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Question: `q2.3.84 Shade A U B

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Your solution:

The whole circle of A and B are shaded that even includes the part that the two circles overlap each other.

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Given Solution:

`a** everything in A and everything in B would be shaded. The rest of the universal set (the region outside A and B but still in the rectangle) wouldn't be. **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I got this right, but I did not include that the rectangle that the two circles are in are not to be shaded.

Self-critique Rating:

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Question: `qQuery 2.3.100 Shade (A' ^ B) ^ C

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Your solution:

I think that the rectangle would be shaded as A’, and the circle of B and C would be shaded. The circle A would not be shaded.

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Given Solution:

`a** you would have to shade every region that lies outside of A and also inside B and also inside C. This would be the single region in the overlap of B and C but not including any part of A. Another way to put it: the region common to B and C, but not including any of A **

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I believe that I got this one right too. I didn’t include the fact that the part of “A” circle would not be included. This would be the part of the circle that overlaps with the “A” circle.

Self-critique Rating:

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Question: `qQuery 2.3.108. Describe the shading of the set (A ^ B)' U C.

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Your solution:

The shaded part would be everything but where circle “A” and “B” overlap each other. You would also have the circle of “C” shaded in but not including in the overlapping with “A” and “B”

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Given Solution:

`a** All of C would be shaded because we have a union with C, which will include all of C.

Every region outside A ^ B would also be shaded. A ^ B is the 'overlap' region where A and B meet, and only this 'overlap' would not be part of (A ^ B) '. The 'large' parts of A and B, as well as everything outside of A and B, would therefore be shaded.

Combining this with the shading of C the only the part of the diagram not shaded would be that part of the 'overlap' of A and B which is not part of C. **

STUDENT QUESTION

I think I understand because the ‘ was outside the ( ) then only the answer to A^B would be prime. And so my answer is

wrong to the extent that the larger regions of A &B would also be shaded, but had it been (AUB)’ no part of either A or B

would have been Shaded?

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE

Exactly. Very good question, which you answered very well.

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Self-critique (if necessary):

I am thinking I said exactly what you said; you might want to read it for sure.

Self-critique Rating:

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Question: `q2.3.114 Largest area of A shaded (sets A,B,C). Write a description using A, B, C, subset, union, intersection symbols, ', - for the shaded region.

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Your solution:

(A^B’)^C’

confidence rating #$&*:

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Question: `q2.3.114 Largest area of A shaded (sets A,B,C). Write a description using A, B, C, subset, union, intersection symbols, ', - for the shaded region.

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Your solution:

(A^B’)^C’

confidence rating #$&*:

#(*!

&#Your work looks good. See my notes. Let me know if you have any questions. &#