If your solution to stated problem does not match the given solution, you should self-critique per instructions at

http://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/geninfo/labrynth_created_fall_05/levl1_22/levl2_81/file3_259.htm

Your solution, attempt at solution:

If you are unable to attempt a solution, give a phrase-by-phrase interpretation of the problem along with a statement of what you do or do not understand about it.  This response should be given, based on the work you did in completing the assignment, before you look at the given solution.

 

 

007.  `query 6

 

 

 

Question:    query   introset  How do we find the change in pressure due to diameter change given the original velocity of the flow and pipe diameter and final diameter?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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** The ratio of velocities is the inverse ratio of cross-sectional areas.

 

Cross-sectional area is proportional to square of diameter.  So velocity is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area:

 

v2 / v1 = (A1 / A2) = (d1 / d2)^2 so

 

v2 = (d1/d2)^2 * v1.

 

Since h presumably remains constant we have

 

P1 + .5 rho v1^2 = P2 + .5 rho v2^2 so

 

(P2 - P1) = 0.5 *rho (v1^2 - v2^2) . **

 

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Question:    query  video experiment terminal velocity of sphere in fluid.  What is the evidence from this experiment that the drag force increases with velocity?

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** When weights were repetitively added the velocity of the sphere repetitively increased.  As the velocities started to aproach 0.1254 m/sec the added weights had less and less effect on increasing the velocity.   We conclude that as the velocity increased so did the drag force of the water. **

 

 

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Question:    `q001.  If you know the pressure drop of a moving liquid between two points in a narrowing round pipe, with both points at the same altitude, and you know the speed and pipe diameter in the section of pipe with the greater diameter, how could you determine the pipe diameter at the other point?

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Question:    query  univ phy problem 12.93 / 14.91 11th edition14.85 (14.89 10th edition) half-area constriction then open to outflow at dist h1 below reservoir level, tube from lower reservoir into constricted area, same fluid in both.  Find ht h2 to which fluid in lower tube rises.

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** The fluid exits the narrowed part of the tube at atmospheric pressure.  The widened part at the end of the tube is irrelevant--it won't be filled with fluid and the pressure in this part of the tube is 1 atmosphere.  So Bernoulli's Equation will tell you that the fluid velocity in this part is vExit such that .5 rho vExit^2 = rho g h1.

 

However the fact that the widened end of the tube isn't full is not consistent with the assumption made by the text.  So let's assume that it is somehow full, though that would require either an expandable fluid (which would make the density rho variable) or a non-ideal situation with friction losses.

 

We will consider a number of points: 

 

At point 2 the pressure is atmospheric so the previous analysis holds and velocity is vExit such that .5 rho vExit^2 = rho g h1.  Thus v_2 = vExit = sqrt(2 g h1).

 

At point 1, where the cross-sectional area of the tube is half the area at point 2, the fluid velocity is double that at point 1, so v_1 = 2 v_2 = 2 sqrt( 2 g h1 ).  Comparing points 1 and 2, there is no difference in altitude so the rho g y term of Bernoulli's equation doesn't change.  It follows that P_1 + 1/2 rho v_1^2 = P_2 + 1/2 rho v_2^2, so that P_1 = 1 atmosphere + 1/2 rho (v_2^2 - v_1^2) = 1 atmosphere + 1/2 rho ( 2 g h1 - 8 g h1) = 1 atmosphere - 3 rho g h1.

There is no fluid between point 1 and point 3, so the pressure at point 3  is the same as that at point 1, and the fluid velocity is zero. 

There is continuous fluid between point 3 and point 4, so Bernoulli's Equation holds.  Comparing point 3 with point 4 (where fluid velocity is also zero, but where the pressure is 1 atmosphere) we have

P_3 + rho g y_3 = P_4 + rho g y_4

where y_3 - y_4 = h_2, so that

h_2 = y_3 - y_4 = (P_4 - P_3) / (rho g) = (1 atmosphere - (1 atmosphere - 3 rho g h1) ) / (rho g) = 3 h1.

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This is the book's answer.  Again I don't have the problem in front of me and I might have missed something, but the idea of the fluid expanding to refill the larger pipe doesn't seem consistent with the behavior of liquids, or with the implicit assumption that rho remains constant.  However note that I am often (though not always) wrong when I disagree with the textbook's solution. **

Question:    `q002.  If you know the pressure drop of a moving liquid between two points in a narrowing round pipe, with both points at the same altitude, and you know the speed and pipe diameter in the section of pipe with the greater diameter, how could you determine the pipe diameter at the other point?

If a U tube containing mercury articulates with the pipe at the two points, how can you find the difference between the mercury levels in the two sides of the pipe?

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