Asst_1

course phy 201

Ҩdz}assignment #000

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000. `Query 0

Physics I

06-19-2007

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20:08:53

The Query program normally asks you

questions about assigned problems and

class notes, in question-answer-self-

critique format. Since Assignments 0 and

1 consist mostly of lab-related

activities, most of the questions on these

queries will be related to your labs and

will be in open-ended in form, without

given solutions, and will not require

self-critique.

The purpose of this Query is to gauge your

understanding of some basic ideas about

motion and timing, and some procedures to

be used throughout the course in analyzing

our observations. Answer these questions

to the best of your ability. If you

encounter difficulties, the instructor's

response to this first Query will be

designed to help you clarify anything you

don't understand. {}{}Respond by stating

the purpose of this first Query, as you

currently understand it.

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RESPONSE -->

The purpose of this first Query is to

measure my understanding of the basic

principles about motion and timing used in

the previous lab acitvities.

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20:14:17

If, as in the object-down-an-incline

experiment, you know the distance an

object rolls down an incline and the time

required, explain how you will use this

information to find the object 's average

speed on the incline.

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RESPONSE -->

To find the average speed, you divide the

distance the object rolls by the average

time requried.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:17:19

If an object travels 40 centimeters down

an incline in 5 seconds then what is its

average velocity on the incline? Explain

how your answer is connected to your

experience.

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RESPONSE -->

V = Distance/Time

The average velocity is (40/5=8)

8cm/second.

In lab experiment, I found the average

velocity of a ball-point pin traveling

down a book on an incline.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:20:08

If the same object requires 3 second to

reach the halfway point, what is its

average velocity on the first half of the

incline and what is its average velocity

on the second half?

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RESPONSE -->

The average velocity on the first half of

the incline is (20/3=6.6667) 6.7cm/second.

The average velocity on the second half of

the incline is (20/2=10) 10cm/second.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:28:40

Using the same type of setup you used for

the first object-down-an-incline lab, if

the computer timer indicates that on five

trials the times of an object down an

incline are 2.42 sec, 2.56 sec, 2.38 sec,

2.47 sec and 2.31 sec, then to what extent

do you think the discrepancies could be

explained by each of thefollowing: {}{}a.

The lack of precision of the TIMER

program{}{}b. The uncertain precision of

human triggering (uncertainty associated

with an actual human finger on a computer

mouse){}{}c. Actual differences in the

time required for the object to travel the

same distance.{}{}d. Differences in

positioningthe object prior to release.{}

{}e. Human uncertainty in observing

exactly when the object reached the end of

the incline.

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RESPONSE -->

The discrepancies could be explained in

part by all of the factors. We already

established the TIMER program does not

accurately report the time past the

hundredth (.01) place. There is a great

deal of uncertainty when relying on the

precision of human triggering. There will

always be at least a slight difference of

positioning of the object. And human

uncertainty is always a factor when

experimenting, especially regarding time.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:36:05

How much uncertainty do you think each of

the following would actually contribute to

the uncertainty in timing a number of

trials for the object-down-an-incline lab?

{}{}a. The lack of precision of the

TIMER program{}{}b. The uncertain

precision of human triggering (uncertainty

associated bLine$(lineCount) =with an

actual human finger on a computer mouse)

{}{}c. Actual differences in the time

required for the object to travel the same

distance.{}{}d. Differences in

positioning the object prior to release.

{}{}e. Human uncertainty in observing

exactly when the object reached the end of

the incline.

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RESPONSE -->

All of the listed factors contribute to

the uncertainty in timing a number of

trails for the object-down-an-incline lab.

The lack of precision of the TIMER program

probably contributes the least. The

precision of human triggering is a big

factor when measuring the uncertainty.

The actual differences in the time is

probably due to some sort of human error,

such as positioning. Human uncertainty

is, in my opinion, the biggest contributor

to the uncertainty in timing.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:43:01

What, if anything, could you do about the

uncertainty due to each of the following?

Address each specifically. {}{}a. The

lack of precision of the TIMER program{}

{}b. The uncertain precision of human

triggering (uncertainty associated with an

actual human finger on a computer mouse)

{}{}c. Actualdifferences in the time

required for the object to travel the same

distance.{}{}d. Differences in

positioning the object prior to release.

{}{}e. Human uncertainty in observing

exactly when the object reached the end of

the incline.

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RESPONSE -->

a. To decrease the uncertainty in the

TIMER program, we could approximate and

use the digits we are certain are

accurate.

b. If we wanted the lab to be as accurate

as possible, we wouldn't be using human

triggering. The timing would be

calculated by sensors to be exact.

c. To decrease the actual differences in

the time required for the object to travel

the same distance, conditions must be

exactly the same for each trial.

d. We could eliminate differences in

positioning the object prior to release by

measuring the distance from each side.

e. Human uncertainty could be eliminated

by using some type of sensor to measure

the exact time the object reached a

specific point at the end of the incline.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:47:54

According to the results of your

introductory pendulum experiment, do you

think doubling the length of the pendulum

will result in half the frequency

(frequency can be thought of as the number

of cycles per minute), more than half or

less than half?

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RESPONSE -->

According to my results, doubling the

length of the pendulum will result in

about half the frequency.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:51:50

Note that for a graph of y vs. x, a point

on the x axis has y coordinate zero and a

point on the y axis has x coordinate zero.

In your own words explain why this is so.

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RESPONSE -->

In a graph of y vs. x, x is the

independant variable so it is always on

the horizontal line, making any point on

its axis have a y coordinate of zero.

Y is the dependant variable so it will be

vertical, making any point on its axis

have an x coordinate of zero.

confidence assessment: 2

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20:55:08

On a graph of frequency vs. pendulum

length (where frequency is on the vertical

axis and length on the horizontal), what

would it mean for the graph to intersect

the vertical axis (i.e., what would it

mean, in terms of the pendulum and its

behavior, if the line or curve

representing frequency vs. length goes

through the vertical axis)? What would

this tell you about the length and

frequency of the pendulum?

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RESPONSE -->

If the line or curve representing

frequency vs. length goes through the

vertical axis, it would mean that the

length would have to be negative, which is

impossible.

confidence assessment: 1

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20:56:57

On a graph of frequency vs. pendulum

length, what would it mean for the graph

to intersect the horizontal axis (i.e.,

what would it mean, in terms of the

pendulum and its behavior, if the line or

curve representing frequency vs. length

goes through the horizontal axis)? What

would this tell you about the length and

frequency of the pendulum?

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RESPONSE -->

If the line or curve representing

frequency vs. length goes through the

horizontal axis, the frequency would have

to have a negative value at some point.

confidence assessment: 1

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21:01:17

If a ball rolls down between two points

with an average velocity of 6 cm / sec,

and if it takes 5 sec between the points,

then how far apart are the points?

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RESPONSE -->

The two points are 30cm apart. If the

ball travels 6cm every one second, it

should pass 30cm in five seconds.

confidence assessment: 2

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21:04:22

06-19-2007 21:04:22

On the average the ball moves 6

centimeters every second, so in 5 seconds

it will move 30 cm. {}{}The formal

calculation goes like this: {}{}We know

that vAve = `ds / `dt, where vAve is ave

velocity, `ds is displacement and `dt is

the time interval. {}It follows by

algebraic rearrangement that `ds = vAve *

`dt.{}We are told that vAve = 6 cm / sec

and `dt = 5 sec. It therefore follows

that{}{}`ds = 6 cm / sec * 5 sec = 30 (cm

/ sec) * sec = 30 cm.{}{}The details of

the algebraic rearrangement are

asfollows:{}{}vAve = `ds / `dt. We

multiply both sides of the equation by

`dt:{}vAve * `dt = `ds / `dt * `dt. We

simplify to obtain{}vAve * `dt = `ds,

which we then write as{}`ds = vAve *`dt.

{}{}Be sure to address anything you do not

fully understand in your self-critique.

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NOTES -------> average velocity =

displacement / time interval

vAve = `ds / `dt

so...

displacement = average velocity * time

interval

`ds = vAve *`dt

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21:14:14

You were asked to read the text and some

of the problems at the end of the section.

Tell me about something in the text you

understood up to a point but didn't

understand fully. Explain what you did

understand, and ask the best question you

can about what you didn't understand.

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RESPONSE -->

When first reading chapter 2, I was

unaware of the diference between average

speed and average velocity. I realized

that I had often interchaged the words,

thinking they had the same meaning. I

understand that an object's velocity takes

into account the direction the object is

moving. Velocity is found by subtracting

the initial position from the final

position and dividing the difference by

the time elapsed. Speed is the total

distance traveled (disregarding the

direction) divided by the time elapsed.

confidence assessment: 2

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21:24:18

Tell me about something in the problems

you understand up to a point but don't

fully understand. Explain what you did

understand, and ask the best question you

can about what you didn't understand.

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RESPONSE -->

In the problems on page 39, I had trouble

finding the answer for #14. It would be

helpful if the book listed the answers so

we could have an idea if we are getting

the right answers. I know the formulas to

use when calculating the average speed and

average velocity, but this problem listed

several variables and I wasn't sure if I

used them correctly.

confidence assessment: 2

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"

It is important for you to do problems to which you have the answers, as well as problems to which you do not. If answers are given there is a tendency to 'work backward' from the given answer, and the ability to do that on half the given problems is enough. My assignments tend to be about equallly divided between even- and odd-numbered problems.

On #14, the distance travelled is 500 km, and the time required to travel the distance can be determined from the given information. Dividing distance by the total time required gives you average speed. I believe you can get this; if you are unsure send me your solution (see the additional note below).

The displacement is the difference between your initial and final positions. So the displacement is zero. Dividing the displacement by the time required gives you your average velocity, which in this case is 0.

&#You are always welcome to ask self-contained questions about anything. By self-contained questions I mean a question that includes a brief statement of the problem or topic you are asking about (in order to give everyone the best responses I can, I can't take time to look problems up in the text, which I don't carry with me in any case), and a statement of precisely what you do and do not understand about the situation. If it's a problem, you should include a list of things you have tried in attempting to solve (or to understand) the problem. Depending on the problem this might include a description of any diagrams, listings of concepts and topics you think might be helpful, and other relevant information. This can be relatively brief, but the more you can tell me, the more you will learn in the process, and the more specifically I can address my response. &#