Assignment 12

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course MTH 272

10/16 about 12:25 pm

012. `query 12

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Question: `q5.6.26 (was 5.6.24 trap rule n=4, `sqrt(x-1) / x on [1,5]

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Your solution:

Trap

‘d x = (5-1)/(2*4) = 1/2

(1/2)*(0 + 2*(1/2) + 2*(sqrt(2)/3) + 2*(sqrt(3)/4) + (sqrt(4)/5))

(1/2)*(1 + (2*sqrt(2)/3) + (2*sqrt(3)/4) + (2/5)) = 1.604 approx.

Midpoint

‘d x = (5-1)/4 = 1

Intervals [1,2] [2,3] [3,4] [4,5]

Midpoints [3/2,5/2,7/2,9/5]

1*(sqrt(0.5)/1.5 + sqrt(1.5)/2.5 + sqrt(2.5)/3.5 + sqrt(3.5)/4.5) = 1.829 approx.

Int. (sqrt(x-1))/x dx from 1 to 5 = 1.786

confidence rating #$&*:3

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Given Solution:

`a Dividing [1, 5] into four intervals each will have length ( 5 - 1 ) / 4 = 1. The four intervals are therefore

[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4,5].

The function values at the endpoints f(1) = 0, f(2) = .5, f(3) = .471, f(4) = .433 and f(5) = .4. The average altitudes of the trapezoids are therefore

(0 + .5) / 2 = 0.25, (.5 + .471)/2 = 0.486, (.471 + .433) / 2 = 0.452 and (.433 + .4) / 2 = 0.417.

Trapeoid areas are equal to ave height * width; since the width of each is 1 the areas will match the average heights 0.25, 0.486, 0.452, 0.417.

The sum of these areas is the trapezoidal approximation 1.604. **

DER

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Self-critique Rating:OK

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Question: `q5.6.32 (was 5.6.24 est pond area by trap and midpt (20 ft intervals, widths 50, 54, 82, 82, 73, 75, 80 ft).

How can you tell from the shape of the point whether the trapezoidal or midpoint estimate will be greater?

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Your solution:

A=[20*((50+0)/2 + (54+50)/2 + (82+54)/2 + (82+82)/2 + (73+82)/2 + (75+73)/2 + (80+75)/2 + (80+0)/2] = 9920 approx.

A=10[(50+0)/2 + (80+0)/2] + 20[(54+50)/2 + (82+54)/2 + (82+82)/2 + (73+82)/2 + (75+73)/2 + (80+75)/2] = 650 + 8620 = 9270 approx.

???Am I wrong, in contradiction to your given solution, that my first problem is more similar to the midpoint rule and my second problem reflects the trapezoidal rule? The trapezoidal rule has the first and last intervals with a multiplier of 1 (10 in this case) and all intervals in between with a multiplier of 2 ( 20 in this case). Let me know if I am wrong in this thinking so I can understand better???

It appears to me that the midpoint rule would have a higher approximation while the trapezoidal rule would be more accurate.

confidence rating #$&*:?

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Given Solution:

`a Since widths at 20-ft intervals are 50, 54, 82, 82, 73, 75, 80 ft the pond area can be approximated by a series of trapezoids with these altitudes. The average altitudes are therefore respectively

(0 + 50 / 2) = 25

(50 + 54) / 2 = 52

(54 + 82) / 2 = 68

(82 + 82) / 2 = 82

etc., with corresponding areas

25 * 20 = 500

52 * 20 = 1040

etc., all areas in ft^2.

The total area, according to the trapezoidal approximation, will therefore be

20 ft (25+52+68+82+77.5+74+77.5+40) ft = 9920 square feet.

The midpoint widths would be calculated based on widths at positions 10, 30, 50, 70, ..., 150 ft. Due to the convex shape of the pond these estimates and will lie between the estimates made at 0, 20, 40, ..., 160 feet.

The convex shape of the pond also ensures that the midpoint of each rectangle will 'hump above' the trapezoidal approximation, so the midpoint estimate will exceed the trapezoidal estimate. **

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The question and the given solution didn't address accuracy. However the midpoint and trapezoidal rules won't differ much for the second through the seventh intervals, while on the first and the last the trapezoidal rule will seriously underestimate the area while the midpoint rule will seriously overestimate it.

The pond itself isn't convex, but the first and last region are, and this is the source of the main difference between the two estimates.

Put a little differently, the convex shape of these two regions ensures that the midpoint of the first and last regions will 'hump above' the trapezoidal approximation, so that for these two regions the midpoint estimate will very significantly exceed the trapezoidal estimate.

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Self-critique (if necessary):? See question in my solution

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Self-critique Rating:3

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Question: `q Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment.

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Self-critique (if necessary):OK

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Self-critique Rating:OK

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#*&!

&#Good responses. See my notes and let me know if you have questions. &#