Assignment 15  16

course Mth 158

zHz܄Юӆpassignment #015

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U|\ȔFQ

College Algebra

10-05-2006

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10:47:26

**** query 1.7.20 (was 1.2.30). Explain how you set up and solved an equation for the problem. Include your equation and the reasoning you used to develop the equation. Problem (note that this statement is for instructor reference; the full statement was in your text) million to lend at 19% or 16%, max lent at 16% to average 18%.

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RESPONSE -->

.16x + .19 (1000000 - x) = 180000

.16x + 190000 - .19x = 180000

-.03x + 190000 = 180000

-.03x = -10000

x = 333333.3333

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10:47:34

** Good. The details:

If x is the amount lent at 16%, then the amount lent at 19% is 1,000,000 - x.

Interest on x at 16% is .16 x, and interest on 1,000,000 - x at 19% is .19 (1,000,000 - x).

This is to be equivalent to a single rate of 18%. 18% of 1,000,000 is 180,000 so the total interest is 1,000,000.

So the total interest is .16 x + .19(1,000,000 - x), and also 180,000. Setting the two equal gives us the equation

.16 x + .19(1,000,000 - x) = 180,000. Multiplying both sides by 100 to avoid decimal-place errors we have

16 x + 19 ( 1,000,000 - x) = 18,000,000. Using the distributive law on the right-hand side we get

16 x + 19,000,000 - 19 x = 18,000,000. Combining the x terms and subtracting 19,000,000 from both sides we have

-3 x = 18,000,00 - 19,000,000 so that

-3 x = -1,000,000 and

x = -1,000,000 / (-3) = 333,333 1/3. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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10:48:21

**** query 1.7.36 (was 1.2.36). Explain how you set up and solved an equation for the problem. Include your equation and the reasoning you used to develop the equation. Problem (note that this statement is for instructor reference; the full statement was in your text) 3 mph current, upstream takes 5 hr, downstream 2.5 hr. Speed of boat?

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RESPONSE -->

5(x - 3) = 2.5(x + 3)

5x - 15 = 2.5x + 7.5

2.5x = 22.5

x = 9 mph

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10:48:31

STUDENT SOLUTION:

Speed of the boat is 9 mph, I used the equation 5(x - 3) = 2.5(x + 3)

Reasoning is that it took 5 hours for the boat to travel against the 3mph current, and then traveled the same distance with the 3mph current in 2.5 hours.

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT:

Good. The details:

If we let x be the water speed of the boat then its actual speed upstream is x - 3, and downstream is x + 3.

Traveling for 5 hours upstream, at speed x - 3, we travel distance 5 ( x - 3).

Traveling for 2.5 hours downstream, at speed x + 3, we travel distance 2.5 ( x + 3).

The two distance must be the same so we get

5 ( x - 3) = 2.5 ( x + 3) or

5 x - 15 = 2.5 x + 7.5. Adding -2.5 x + 15 to both sides we get

2.5 x = 22.5 so that

x = 22.5 / 2.5 = 9.

So the water speed is 9 mph. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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10:53:29

**** query 1.7.32 (was 1.2.42). Explain how you set up and solved an equation for the problem. Include your equation and the reasoning you used to develop the equation. Problem (note that this statement is for instructor reference; the full statement was in your text) pool enclosed by deck 3 ft wide; fence around deck 100 ft. Pond dimensions if pond square, if rectangular 3/1 ratio l/w, circular; which pond has most area?

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RESPONSE -->

R = 100ft / 2pi

R = 50ft/pi

Pool's radius

r = 50ft/pi - 3ft

Pool's area

A = pi(50/pi - 3)^2

A = pi(2500/pi^2 - 300/pi +9)

A = 524

A = 19 * 19

A = 361

Length

Perimeter = 100ft - 12ft

Perimeter = 88ft

Width of pool

2(3w) + 2w = 88

6w + 2w = 88

8w = 88

Area:

11 * 33 = 363ft

w = 11

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10:54:02

** If the deck is circular then its circumference is C = 2 pi R and its radius is r = C / (2 pi). C is the 100 ft length of the fence so we have

R = 100 ft / ( 2 pi ) = 50 ft / pi.

The radius of the circle is 3 ft less, due to the width of the deck. So the pool radius is

r = 50 ft / pi - 3 ft.

This gives us pool area

A = pi r^2 = pi ( 50 / pi - 3)^2 = pi ( 2500 / pi^2 - 300 / pi + 9) = 524, approx..

If the pool is square then the dimensions around the deck are 25 x 25. The dimensions of the pool will be 6 ft less on each edge, since each edge spans two widths of the deck. So the area would be

A = 19 * 19 = 361.

The perimeter of the rectangular pool spans four deck widths, or 12 ft. The perimeter of a rectangular pool is therefore 12 ft less than that of the fence, or 100 ft - 12 ft = 88 ft.

If the pool is rectangular with length 3 times width then we first have for the

2 l + 2 w = 88 or

2 (3 w) + 2 w = 88 or

8 w = 88, giving us

w = 11.

The width of the pool will be 11 and the length 3 times this, or 33.

The area of the pool is therefore 11 * 33 = 363.

The circular pool has the greatest area, the rectangular pool the least. **

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RESPONSE -->

Oh I forgot to put that the circular pool has the greatest area, and the rectangular pool has the least.

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10:55:41

**** query 1.7.44 (was 1.2.54). Explain how you set up and solved an equation for the problem. Include your equation and the reasoning you used to develop the equation. Problem (note that this statement is for instructor reference; the full statement was in your text) 20 lb bag 25% cement 75% sand; how much cement to produce 40% concentration?

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RESPONSE -->

(5lb + x) / (20lb + x) = .40

5 + x = .40 (20 + x)

5 + x = 8 + .40x

500 +100x = 800 + 40x

60x = 300

x = 5lbs

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10:55:44

** If x stands for the amount of cement added then we have the following:

Original amount of cement in bag is 25% of 20 lb, or 5 lb.

Original amount of sand in bag is 75% of 20 lb, or 15 lb.

The final amount of cement will therefore be 5 lb + x, the final amount of sand will be 15 lb and the final weight of the mixture will be 20 lb + x.

The mix has to be 40%, so (amt of cement) / (total amt of mixture) = .40.

This gives us the equation

(5 + x) / (20 + x) = .40. Multiplying both sides by 20 + x we have

5 + x = .40 ( 20 + x ). After the distributive law we have

5 + x = 80 + .40 x. Multiplying by 100 we get

500 + 100 x = 800 + 40 x. Adding -40 x - 500 to both sides we have

60 x = 300 so that

x = 300 / 60 = 5.

We should add 5 lbs of cement to the bag. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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10:56:23

**** query 1.7.52 (was 1.2.60). Include your equation and the reasoning you used to develop the equation. Problem (note that this statement is for instructor reference; the full statement was in your text): without solving what's wrong with prob how many liters 48% soln added to 20 liters of 25% soln to get 58% soln?

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RESPONSE -->

When adding a 48% solution to a 25% solution you will not get a 58 % solution. It's just not possible.

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10:56:30

** Solution from Previous Student and Instructor Comment:

It's not possible, adding a 25% solution to a 48% solution is only going to dilute it, I don't really know how to prove that algebraically, but logically that's what I think.

(This is much like the last problem, that I don't really understand).

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: Right but the 48% solution is being added to the 25% solution.

Correct statement, mostly in your words

Adding a 48% solution to a 25% solution will never give you a 58% solution. Both concentrations are less than the desired concentration. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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r~{L͜yz

assignment #016

U|\ȔFQ

College Algebra

10-05-2006

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10:58:36

**** query 2.1.28 (was 2.1.18). Dist (a, a) to (0, 0).

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RESPONSE -->

d(p1, p2) = squa [(0 - a)^2 + (0 - a)^2]

= squa [-a^2 - a^2]

= squa [a^2 + a^2]

= a + a

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10:58:45

** Using the distance formula we get

distance = sqrt( (x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2 ) =

sqrt((a-0)^2+(a-0)^2) =

sqrt(a^2+a^2) =

sqrt(2 a^2) =

sqrt(2) * sqrt(x^2) = sqrt(2) * a.

COMMON ERROR: sqrt(a^2 + a^2) = a + a = 2 a

INSTRUCTOR'S CORRECTION:

sqrt( x^2 + y^2 ) is not the same thing as x + y. For example sqrt(3^2 + 4^2) = sqrt(9 + 16) = sqrt(25) = 5 but 3 + 4 = 7.

So you can't say that sqrt(a^2 + a^2) = a + a. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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11:00:31

**** query 2.1.22 (was 2.1.12). Dist (2,-3) to (4,2).

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RESPONSE -->

d(p1, p2) = sqrt [(4 - 2)^2 + (2 + 3)^2]

= sqrt [4 + 25]

= sqrt 29

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11:01:39

** using the distance formula we get

distance = sqrt( (x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2 ) =

sqrt((2-4)^2+(-3-2)^2) =

sqrt((-4)^2+(-6)^2) =

sqrt(16+36) =

sqrt(52) =

sqrt(4) * sqrt(13) =

2 sqrt(13) **

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RESPONSE -->

oh I wrote down the formula wrong for this I understand what I did wrong.

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11:05:54

**** query 2.1.30 (was 2.1.20). (-2, 5), (12,3), (10, -11) A , B, C.

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RESPONSE -->

d(A, B) = sqrt [(12 + 2)^2 + (3 - 5)^2]

= sqrt [196 + 4]

= sqrt 200

= 10 sqrt 2

d(B, C) = sqrt [(10 - 12)^2 + (11 - 3)^2]

= sqrt 200

= 10 sqrt 2

d(A, C) = sqrt [(10 + 2)^2 + (-11 - 5)^2]

= sqrt 400

= 20

(10 sqrt 2)^2 + (10 sqrt 2)^2 = 20^2

100 * 2 + 100 * 2 = 400

400 = 400

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11:05:59

STUDENT SOLUTION: The triangle is a right triangle if the Pythagorean Theorem holds.

d(A,B)= sqrt((-2-12)^2+(5-3)^2)

sqrt(196+4)sqrt(200)

10 sqrt2

d(B,C)= sqrt((12-10)^2+(3+11)^2)

sqrt(4+196)

sqrt200

10 sqrt2

d(A,C)= sqrt((-2-10)^2 + (5+11)^2)

sqrt(144+256)

sqrt(400)

20

The legs of the triangle are therefore both 10 sqrt(2) while the hypotenuse is 20.

The Pythagorean Theorem therefore says that

(10sqrt2)^2+(10sqrt2)^2=(20)^2 which simplifies to

10^2 (sqrt(2))^2 + 10^2 (sqrt(2))^2 = 20^2 or

100 * 2 + 100 * 2 = 400 or

200+200=400 and finally

400=400.

This verifies the Pythagorean Theorem and we conclude that the triangle is a right triangle. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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11:07:15

**** query 2.1.46 (was 2.1.36) midpt btwn (1.2, 2.3) and (-.3, 1.1)

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RESPONSE -->

(x, y) = (1.2 -.3 / 2) , (2.3 + 1.1 / 2)

= (0.45, 1.7)

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11:08:06

** The midpoint is

( (x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2) =

((1.2-3)/2) , ((2.3+1.1)/2) =

(-1.8 / 2 , 3.4 / 2) =

(-0.9, 1.7) **

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RESPONSE -->

I think that the answer here is wrong because the first point was (1.2, -.3) not (1.2, -3)

You are correct.

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11:08:26

**** query 2.1.50 (was 2.1.40). Third vertex of equil triangle with vertices (0, 0) and (0, 4).

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RESPONSE -->

I don't understand how to do this problem.

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11:09:13

** The point (0, 2) is the midpoint of the base of the triangle, which runs from (0,0) to (0, 4). This base has length 4, so since the triangle is equilateral all sides must have length 4.

The third vertex lies to the right or left of (0, 2) at a point (x, 2) whose distance from (0,0) and also from (0, 4) is 4.

The distance from (0, 0) to (x, 2) is sqrt(x^2 + 2^2) so we have

sqrt(x^2 + 2^2) = 4. Squaring both sides we have

x^2 + 2^2 = 16 so that

x^2 = 16 - 4 = 12 and

x = +-sqrt(12) = +-sqrt(4) * sqrt(3) = +-2 * sqrt(3).

The third vertex can therefore lie either at (2 sqrt(3), 2) or at (-2 sqrt(3), 2). **

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RESPONSE -->

I think I kind of understand your explaination but it still isn't very clear to me how to do this.

There was an error in the last line of the solution. The solution found that x = 2 sqrt(3) or -2 sqrt(3). The given solution then said that the solution points were (2, 2 sqrt(3)) and (2, -2 sqrt(3)). However is was x that was equal to + - 2 sqrt(3) and y that was equal to 2, so the solution should have read (2 sqrt(3), 2) or (-2 sqrt(3), 2).

Here's an overview of two ways to set up the problem:

One way to solve:

An equilateral triangle has three equal sides.

From the given coordinates it is clear that the length of a side is 4.

Therefore we need to find the coordinates of a point (x, y) which lies 4 units from (0, 0) and also 4 units from (0, 4).

The distance of (x, y) from (0, 0) is sqrt( (x-0)^2 + (y-0)^2 ) = sqrt(x^2 + y^2) = 4.

The distance of (x, y) from (0, 4) is sqrt( (x-0)^2 + (y-4)^2 ) = sqrt(x^2 + (y-4)^2) = 4.

This gives us the two simultaneous equations

sqrt(x^2 + y^2) = 4.

sqrt(x^2 + (y-4)^2) = 4.

We can solve these equations simultaneously for x and y. We will obtain y = 2 and either x = - 2 sqrt(3) or x = 2 sqrt(3).

Another way to solve:

It is fairly obvious that the y coordinate of the third vertex is 2.

So the solution point has form (x, 2) and we have to find all possible values of x.

The distance of the point (x, 2) from (0, 0) is sqrt(x^2 + 2^2).

The triangle is equilateral so, as observed in the first solution, the distance is 4.

So sqrt(x^2 + 2^2) = 4.

We easily solve to get x = + - 2 sqrt(3). The details are shown in the given solution.

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11:09:30

**** What are the coordinates of the third vertex and how did you find them?

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RESPONSE -->

I don't understand this type of problem.

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"

Good work overall. See my notes on the last problem and let me know if you need further clarification.