course mth 173 If your solution to stated problem does not match the given solution, you should self-critique per instructions at
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Given Solution: This derivative will tell us the rate at which the volume changes with respect to the diameter of the pile. On a graph of the y = k x^3 curve the slope of the tangent line is equal to the derivative. Through the given point we can sketch a line with the calculated slope; this will be the tangent line. Knowing the slope and the change in x we easily find the corresponding rise of the tangent line, which is the approximate change in the y = k x^3 function. In short you use y' = 3 k x^2 to calculate the slope, which you combine with the change `dx in x to get a good estimate of the change `dy in y. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* 3 ********************************************* Question: `q Query class notes #08What equation do we get from the statement 'the rate of temperature change is proportional to the difference between the temperature and the 20 degree room temperature'? What sort of graph do we get from this equation and why? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: dT/dt=k(T-TR)^2 I am not sure what type of graph I need??????????????? confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 1
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Given Solution: STUDENT SOLUTION AND INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: Would it be y = x-20 degrees., with y being the rate of temperature change and x being the temperature?You get a graph with a straight line and a slope of -20? INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: Not a bad attempt. However, you wouldn't use y to represent a rate, but rather dy /dt or y'. An in this example I'm going to use T for temperature, t for clock time. Read further. We need a graph of temperature vs. clock time, not rate of change of temperature vs. clock time. The difference between temperature and room temperature is indeed (T - 20). The rate of change of the temperature would be dT / dt. To say that these to our proportional is to say that dT / dt = k ( T - 20). To solve the situation we would need the proportionality constant k, just as with sandpiles and other examples you have encountered. Thus the relationship is dT / dt = k ( T - 20). Since dT / dt is the rate of change of T with respect to t, it tells you the slope of the graph of T vs. t. So the equation tells you that the slope of the graph is proportional to T - 20. Thus, for example, if T starts high, T - 20 will be a relatively large positive number. We might therefore expect k ( T - 20) to be a relatively large positive number, depending on what k is. For positive k this would give our graph a positive slope, and the temperature would move away from room temperature. If we are talking about something taken from the oven, this wouldn't happen--the temperature would move closer to room temperature. This could be accomplished using a negative value of k. As the temperature moves closer to room temperature, T - 20 becomes smaller, and the steepness of the graph will decrease--i.e., as temperature approaches room temperature, it will do so more and more slowly. So the graph approaches the T = 20 value more and more slowly, approaching as an asymptote. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): In my notes I have the values in parenthesis on the right hand side squared is this wrong or am I looking at the wrong equation?????????????? What is given in the solution dT / dt = k ( T - 20) What I have in my notes dT / dt = k ( T - 20)^2
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Given Solution: STUDENT SOLUTION: We get the following ordered pairs: Table 1-- (0,0),(.5,.25),(1,1),(1.5,2.25),(2,4) Table2--(0,0),(.25,.5),(1,1),(2.25,1.5),(4,2). Plot the points corresponding to the table of the squaring function, and plot the points corresponding to the table of its inverse. Sketch a smooth curve corresponding to each function. The diagonal line on the graph is the line y = x. Connect each point on the graph of the squaring function to the corresponding point on the graph of its inverse function. How are these pairs of points positioned with respect to the y = x line? ** The segments connecting the graph points for function and for its inverse will cross the y = x line at a right angle, and the graph points for the function and for the inverse will lie and equal distances on either side of this line. The graph of the inverse is therefore a reflection of the graph of the original function through the line y = x. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: `q **** 8. If we reversed the columns of the 'complete' table of the squaring function from 0 to 12, precisely what table would we get? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: We would get a table of the following points 0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100,121,144 confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3
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Given Solution: ** We would get a table of the square root function with the first column running from 0 to 144, the second column consisting of the square roots of these numbers, which run from 0 to 12. ** Sketch the graphs of the functions described by both tables. 9. If we could construct the 'complete' table of the squaring function from 0 to infinity, listing all possible positive numbers in the x column, then why would we be certain that every possible positive number would appear exactly one time in the second column? &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* 3 ********************************************* Question: `q ** The table you constructed had only some of the possible x and y values. A complete table, which couldn't actually be written down but can to an extent be imagined, would contain all possible x values. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: The values of positive numbers are limitless so we in theory can have a table that is never ending. confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3
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Given Solution: We could be sure because every number is the square of some other number. If the function was, for example, x / (x^2 + 1) there would be a great many positive numbers that wouldn't appear in the second column. But this is not the case for the squaring function. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* 3 ********************************************* Question: `q What number would appear in the second column next to the number 4.31 in the first column? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: This would be the square root of 4.31 which would be 18.5761. confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3
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Given Solution: ** In the original table the second column would read 18.57, approx.. This is the square of 4.31. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: `q What number would appear in the second column next to the number `sqrt(18) in the first column? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: 18 confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3
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Given Solution: ** 18 would appear in the second column because the square of sqrt(18) is 18. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: `q What number would appear in the second column next to the number `pi in the first column? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: Because the pi is not sqrt like the 18 in the previous question it must be pi^2 in the second column. confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: ** The number would be `pi^2 ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: `q What would we obtain if we reversed the columns of this table? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: The values would be the inverse of the original numbers. Graphically we would see a mirror image of points on either side of the line x=y. confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3
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Given Solution: STUDENT ANSWER: We would obtain the inverse, the square roots of the squares being in the y colume and the squared numbers being in the x column. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: `q What number would appear in the second column next to the number 4.31 in the first column of this table? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: 4.31^2 which could be simplified to 18.5761 confidence rating #$&*3 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Given Solution: This number would be 4.31 squared,18.5761. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: `q What number would appear in the second column next to the number `pi^2 in the first column of this table? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: Using the patteren that if the first column is squared then the second column is the sqrt, in this case we get sqrt of pi confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3
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Given Solution: STUDENT ANSWER: This number would be the square root, 'pi &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* ********************************************* Question: `q What number would appear in the second column next to the number -3 in the first column of this table? YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: This is not a option because you can not take the sqrt of -3. confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3
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Given Solution: There is no such number. No real number has a square equal to -3, since the square of any number which is positive or negative is the product of two numbers of like sign and is therefore positive. Put another way: sqrt(-3) is not a real number, since the square of a real number cannot be negative. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I should have said something about real numbers instead of just saying it cant be done. ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* 3 ********************************************* Question: 13. Translate each of the following exponential equations into equations involving logarithms, and solve where possible: 2 ^ x = 18 2 ^ (4x) = 12 5 * 2^x = 52 2^(3x - 4) = 9. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: 18=2^x can be translated into x=log{base 2}(18) this can be evaluated as log18/log2=4.169925001 12=2^(4x) translates into 4x=log {base 2} (12) this can be evaluated as log12/log2=4x which equals .8962406252 5 * 2^x = 52 simplifies to 2^x=10.4 which can be translated to x=log{base2} (10.4) this can be evaluated to be log 10.4/log 2 = x which is 3.3785 2^(3x-4) = 9 can be translated into 3x-4=log {base 2} (9) confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 0
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Given Solution: b^x = c is translated into logarithmic notation as log{base b}(c) = x. So: 2^x = 18 translates directly to log{bas3 2}(18) = x. For 5 * 2^x = 52, divide both sides by 5 to get 2^x = 10.4. Now take logs: 2x = log{base 2}(10.4) so x = 1/2 log{base 2}(10.4). Evaluate on your calculator. 2^(3x-4) = 9 translates to log{base 2}(9) = 3x - 4. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I am confussed on this I get the b^x = c is translated into logarithmic notation as log{base b}(c) = x. part but it is the next step that I am having trouble with and the solution is not going into that step should I have not worked the problem out that far like I did on the last one??????????????????? Even if I was not suppose to solve for a final answer is there any way that you can look at my final answers for the first three and tell me if they are correct and if not were I could have made a mistake.
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Given Solution: 2^(3x-5) + 4 = 0 rearranges to 2^(3x-5) =-4, which we translate as 3x-5 = log {base 2}(-4) = log(-4) / log (2). However log(-4) doesn't exist. When you invert the 10^x table you don't end up with any negative x values. So there is no solution to this problem. Be sure that you thoroughly understand the following rules: 10^x = b translates to x = log(b), where log is understood to be the base-10 log. e^x = b translates to x = ln(b), where ln is the natural log. a^x = b translates to x = log{base a} (b), where log{base a} would be written in your text as log with subscript a. log{base a}(b) = log(b) / log(a), where log is the base-10 log. It also works with the natural log: log{base a}(b) = ln(b) / ln(a). ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* 3 ********************************************* Question: `q Solve 2^(1/x) - 3 = 0 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: 2^(1/x)=3 then 1/x=log {base2} (3) 1/x=log3/log2 because of the 1/x we must invert the opposite side of the equation giving a final answer of x=log2/log3 Confidence Assessment2
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Given Solution: ** Rearrange to 2^(1/x) = 3. Then take log of both sides: log(2^(1/x) ) = log(3). Use properties of logs: (1/x) log(2) = log(3). Solve for x: x = log(2) / log(3). ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I understand how to get this far but why do we stop here and not go on to x = log(2) / log(3) =.6309297536
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Given Solution: ** 2^x * 2^(1/x) = 15. By the laws of exponents we get 2^(x +1/x) = 15 so that x + 1/x = log {base2}(15) or x + 1/x =log(15) / log(2). Multiply both sides by x to get x^2 + 1 = [log(15) / log(2) ] * x. This is a quadratic equation. Rearrange to get x^2 - [ log(15) / log(2) ] * x + 1 = 0 or x^2 - 3.91 * x + 1 = 0. Solve using the quadratic fomula. ** Solve (2^x)^4 = 5 ** log( (2^x)^4 ) = log(5). Using laws of logarithms 4 log(2^x) = log(5) 4 * x log(2) = log(5) 4x = log(5) / log(2) etc.** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): Even with the solution I am missing a step as I work from x+(1/x)=log15/log2 to the final solution?
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Given Solution: ** f(10,000) is the cost of 10,000 sq ft. f^-1(20,000) is the number of square feet you can cover for $20,000. ** STUDENT COMMENT Still not positive about the – 1. INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE f ^-1 (x) is the notation for the inverse function. If x is quantity A and f(x) is the value of quantity B, then when you invert the function x becomes quantity B and f ^-1 (x) becomes quantity A. In the original function x is the area and f(x) is the cost. When inverted to the form f ^-1 (x), x becomes the cost and f ^-1 (x) the area. You can think of inverting a function in terms of switching the columns of a table. We can also think of inverting a function in terms of switching the x and y coordinates on a graph, which reflects the graph through the line y = x. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* 3 ********************************************* Question: `q problem 1.3.38 4th edition. Write an equation for the function if we vertically stretch y = x^2 by factor 2 then vertically shift the graph 1 unit upward. YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Your solution: I am working out of the 5th edition and the problem is different than what is described above. But to vertically shift the graph up 1 unit I would just make the equation x^2+1. I am lost about what is meant by “vertically stretch”???????????????? confidence rating #$&* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 0
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Given Solution: ** Vertically stretching y = x^2 we get y = 2 x^2. The vertical shift adds 1 to all y values, giving us the function y = 2 x^2 + 1. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I graphed the solution for vertically stretching and I see the change in the graph but I am still confused on the idea of Vertically stretching???????????
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Given Solution: ** The function would be y = f(x) = 2 x^2 + 1. The factor 2 stretches the y = x^2 parabola verticall and +1 shifts every point of the stretched parabola 1 unit higher. The result is a parabola which is concave up with vertex at point (0,1). The parabola has been stretched by a factor of 2 as compared to a x^2 parabola. If the transformations are reversed the the graph is shifted downward 1 unit then stretched vertically by factor 2. The vertex, for example, shifts to (0, -1) then when stretched shifts to (0, -2). The points (-1, 1) and (1, 1) shift to (-l, 1) and (1, 0) and the stretch leaves them there. The shift would transform y = x^2 to y = x^2 - 1. The subsequent stretch would then transform this function to y = 2 ( x^2 - 1) = 2 x^2 - 2. The reversed pair of transformations results in a parabola with its vertex at (0, -2), as opposed to (0, -1) for the original pair of transformations. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): An I write to think that vertical stretching is the same as narrowing the width of the Parobola????
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Given Solution: ** You have to first find g(1), then apply f to that value. To find g(1), you note that this is g(x) for x = 1. So you look on the x-axis where x = 1. Then you move up or down to find the point on the graph where x = 1 and determine the corresponding y value. On this graph, the x = 1 point lies at about y = 2. Then you look at the graph of f(x). You are trying to find f(g(1)), which we now see is f(2). So we look at the x = 2 point on the x-axis and then look up or down until we find the graph, which for x = 2 lies just a little bit above the x axis. Looking over to the y-axis we see that at this point y is about .1. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): I do not know how a answer of y=2 was found. I fund my answer to be .35 and the selected answer in the back of the book was .4, is there any way possible that the problem in the solution is from version 4 not version 5??????????????????
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Given Solution: ** The inverse of a function at a certain value is the x that would give you that value when plugged into the function. At x = 20 for g(x) = x^2 + 3^x is the x value for which x^3 + 3^x = 20. The double use of x is confusing and way the problem is stated in the text isn't as clear as we might wish, but what you have to do is estimate the required value of x. It would be helpful to sketch the graph of the inverse function by reflecting the graph of the original function through the line y = x, or alternatively and equivalently by making an extensive table for the function, then reversing the columns. ** &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): After reading the solution I see that I used a graph to solve this problem but I still am not sure is my answer is wrong or not??????????? After I read the solution I also made a table that I have found to give me a valve of x=20 y=3.49E9 if I inverse these numbers then the resulting answer conflicts with what I originally thought because my x value is still positive???????????????
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Given Solution: H is the temperature, t is the clock time. H(30) is the temperature at clock time t = 30, so H(30) = 10 tells us that a clock time t = 30 the temperature was 10 degrees. The vertical coordinate is the temperature, and the vertical intercept of the graph occurs when t = 0 so the vertical intercept gives us the temperature at clock time 0. The vertical coordinate is the clock time, and the horizontal intercept occurs when H = 0, so the horizontal intercept gives us the clock time when temperature is 0. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Self-critique (if necessary): ok ------------------------------------------------ Self-critique rating #$&* 3 "