Excellent work on this experiment.
1.Determine how much thermal energy was lost by the water originally in the cup as it cooled to 0.1 Celsius (recall that for a gram of water to change by 1 Celsius the water must either gain or lose 4.19 Joules of thermal energy). At 4.19 Joules for every gram for every Celsius degree, the water will lose: thermal energy loss of water: (4.19 J/(g/ C))( 158 grams of water)( 18.3C) = 12114.97 Joules
2.Determine how much thermal energy must therefore have been gained by the snow, assuming that no energy was exchanged except between the snow and the water. As its temperature makes the 18.3 C change from 18.4 C to .01 C. The substance therefore gains 12114.97 Joules.
3.Determine how much thermal energy was gained by each gram of snow in the melting process. Substance gain per mass unit: 12114.97 Joules / ( 45 grams of snow) = 269.2 J/g."