assignment 28

course Mth 173

4/28 10

Question: `qQuery 4.5.8 (problem 6 p 275) 3000 ft^2 rect region costing $25/ft on 3 sides and $10/ft on fourth; min cost. What is the minimum total cost?

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Your solution:

35x + 50y =

35x + 150000x =

$65 + $46 = $111 total minimum

confidence rating #$&* 2

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Given Solution:

`aIf x stands for the length of the fourth side of the region and y for the other side then we have area = x * y = 3000, so that y = 3000 / x.

The cost of fencing the two sides of length x are $10 / ft and $25 / ft, for a total of 10 x + 25 x = 35 x. The cost of fencing the two sides of length y is $25 / ft for a total of 25 ( 2y) = 50 y.

The total cost is therefore 35 x + 50 y. Using the fact that y = 3000 / x we find that

total cost = C(x) = 35 x + 50 ( 3000 / x) = 35 x + 150000 / x.

The minimum cost is found by minimizing this expression. We first find the derivative C ' (x) = 35 - 150000 / x^2. Setting this derivative equal to zero we have

35 - 150000 / x^2 = 0. Multiplying both sides by x^2 we obtain

35 x^2 - 150000 = 0 so that

x^2 = 150000 / 35 and

x = sqrt(150000 / 35) = 65, approx..

We see that this is a minimum, since the second derivative of C(x) is C ''(x) = 450000 / x^3, which is positive for all positive x.

The other side is y = 3000 / x = 3000 / 65 = 46, approx..

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Self-critique (if necessary): Does this mean that the total is $111 since it is the sum of the two side totals???

x stands for the number of feet along one of the sides, not for the cost.

I did omit the cost, which is what the question asked for.

The cost associated with the x = 65 is

C(65) = 35 * 65 + 150 000 / 65 = $4582.69

To double-check this:

The fourth side has length 65 ft. At $10/ft it will cost $650 to fence it.

The other three sides have total length 65 ft + 46 ft + 46 ft = 157 ft. At $25/foot it will cost $25 * 157 = $3925.

The total cost is therefore $4575.

The 65 ft result is approximate, so we don't expect an exact result. $4575 is within a small fraction of a percent of $4582.69, so the two results appear to agree.

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Self-critique rating #$&* 3

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Question: `qQuery 4.5.21 (was problem 18 p 276 ) towns at (0,-1) and (4,-4), river on x axis; find min dist of pipe to supply both.

What is the minimum total length of pipe?

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Your solution:

L(x) = [sqrt(1^2 + x^2) + sqrt(4^2 + (4 - x)^2)]

L’(x) = [x/ sqrt(1 + x^2) - ( 4 - x) / sqrt(16 + (4 – x)^2)]

simple algebra and setting the function = to 0 gets us

15x^2 + 8x - 16 = 0

(-1.333, .8)

These are the possible solutions for x.

Choosing the positive solution (negative length doesn't make sense), you need to then evaluate your L(x) function to find the total length.

confidence rating #$&* 2

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Given Solution:

`aIf the pipes are run from the point (x, 0) along the river, then the pipe running to the first town will have length sqrt(1^2 + x^2) and the pipe to the second town will have length sqrt(4-x)^2 + 4^2), so total pipe length will be

L(x) = sqrt(1^2 + x^2) + sqrt(4^2 + (4-x)^2).

The derivative of this expression is

L ' (x) = x / sqrt(1 + x^2) - ( 4 - x) / sqrt(16 + (4-x)^2).

Setting this expression equal to 0 and multiplying by the common denominator sqrt(1+x^2) * sqrt( 16 + (4-x)^2 ) we obtain the equation

x sqrt(16 + (4-x)^2 ) + ( x - 4) sqrt(1 + x^2) = 0. Placing the two expressions on opposite sides of the = sign we obtain

sqrt(16 + (4-x)^2 ) = -( x - 4) sqrt(1 + x^2). Squaring both sides we obtain

x^2 ( 16 + (4-x)^2 ) = (x-4)^2 (1 + x^2). Expanding we have

x^2 ( 32 - 8 x + x^2 ) = ( x^2 - 8 x + 16 ) (1 + x^2), and further expanding we have

x^4 - 8•x^3 + 32•x^2 = x^4 - 8•x^3 + 17•x^2 - 8•x + 16. Subtracting x^4 - 8 x^3 from both sides gives us

32 x^2 = 17 x^2 - 8 x + 16, which we simplify to the basic form of a quadratic function

15 x^2 + 8 x - 16 = 0.

This function has two solutions, x = .8 and x = -4/3. We reject the second solution and accept the first, concluding that L ' (x) = 0 when x = .8.

A second derivative test or a first derivative test tells us that L(x) indeed has a minimum at x = .8.

The total length of pipe is therefore L(.8) = 6.4 miles, approx..

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Self-critique (if necessary): Using ONLY the positive, more sensible solution, you plug it back in to equation to get 6.4 units.

You can verify that this solution gives you the specified length:

The pipe runs from (0, -1) to (.8, 0), then to (4, -4). You can use the Pythagorean Theorem with each of the resulting right triangles to verify that the total length is about 6.4 miles.

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Self-critique rating #$&* 2

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Question: `qQuery 4.6.16. (was problem 12 p 280 ) family a cosh(x/a), a>0.

Describe your graphs.

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Your solution:

This is an exponential graph (obviously) with symmetry along the y-axis. It is concave up and relatively skinny.

Whether it's skinny or not depends on the scale you choose in graphing it.

confidence rating #$&* 3

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Given Solution:

`a** a cosh(x/a) = a ( e^(x/a) + e^(-x/a) ) / 2.

The exponential functions are reflections of one another about the y axis. Both are continuous at x=0, both equal 1 at x = 0. So at x = 0 the function y = a cosh(x/a) takes value a ( 1 + 1) / 2 = a.

The function is increasing for positive x, and since for large x the expression e^(-x/a) approaches 0 (as a result of a being positive), a cosh (x/a) becomes very close to the exponential function a e^(x/a) as x increases. For increasing a, for any given positive x the slope sinh(x/a) becomes less since x/a becomes less and sinh is an increasing function for positive x.

For negative x the graph is the reflection through the y axis of the positive-x graph.

The function is everywhere continuous and differentiable. **

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Self-critique (if necessary): OK

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Self-critique rating #$&* 3

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Question: `qQuery Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment.

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Self-critique (if necessary): Query problem 4.5.21 was a little shaky for me.

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Self-critique rating #$&* 3

&#Your work looks good. See my notes. Let me know if you have any questions. &#