Assignment 4

#$&*

course mth 174

If your solution to stated problem does not match the given solution, you should self-critique per instructions at

http://vhcc2.vhcc.edu/dsmith/geninfo/labrynth_created_fall_05/levl1_22/levl2_81/file3_259.htm

.

Your solution, attempt at solution. If you are unable to attempt a solution, give a phrase-by-phrase interpretation of the problem along with a statement of what you do or do not understand about it. This response should be given, based on the work you did in completing the assignment, before you look at the given solution.

*********************************************

Question: Section 7.2 Problem 3

7.2.3 (previously 7.2.12. (3d edition 7.2.11, 2d edition 7.3.12)) Give an antiderivative of sin^2 x

......!!!!!!!!...................................

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

Sin^2x=(1-cos(2x)/2 I separated this into 1/2-cos(2x)/2 this then becomes 1/2(x-sin2x)/2+c which simplifies to ½*(sinx*cosX)+c

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2

.............................................

Given Solution: Good student solution:

The answer is -1/2 (sinx * cosx) + x/2 + C

I arrived at this using integration by parts:

u= sinx u' = cosx

v'= sinx v = -cosx

int(sin^2x)= sinx(-cosx) - int(cosx(-cosx))

int(sin^2x)= -sinx(cosx) +int(cos^2(x))

cos^2(x) = 1-sin^2(x) therefore

int(sin^2x)= -sinx(cosx) + int(1-sin^2(x))

int(sin^2x)= -sinx(cosx) + int(1) – int(sin^2(x))

2int(sin^2x)= -sinx(cosx) + int(1dx)

2int(sin^2x)= -sinx(cosx) + x

int(sin^2x)= -1/2 sinx(-cosx) + x/2

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT: This is the appropriate method to use in this section.

You could alternatively use trigonometric identities such as

sin^2(x) = (1 - cos(2x) ) / 2 and sin(2x) = 2 sin x cos x.

Solution by trigonometric identities:

sin^2(x) = (1 - cos(2x) ) / 2 so the antiderivative is

1/2 ( x - sin(2x) / 2 ) + c =

1/2 ( x - sin x cos x) + c.

note that sin(2x) = 2 sin x cos x.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Self-critique (if necessary):

I am having some trouble with Integration by parts and a t this point I realize I need to look over it again. But I understand the alternative solution fairly well.

@& This might have been a good place to do a detailed self-critique explaining what you do and do not understand about the part of the solution related to integration by parts.*@

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique Rating:

*********************************************

Question: Section 7.2 Problem 4

problem 7.2.4 (previously 7.2.16 was 7.3.18) antiderivative of (t+2) `sqrt(2+3t)

**** what is the requested antiderivative?

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

I broke this Problem to each of its components which I found to be u=t+2 u`=1 y`=(2+3t)^1/2 and y = 2/9 (3t+2)^3/2 these components were then joined to form.

2/9 (t+2) (3t_2)^3/2)

I am having trouble figuring out teh next step????

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

0

.............................................

Given Solution: If you use

u=t+2

u'=1

v'=(2+3t)^(1/2)

v=2/9 (3t+2)^(3/2)

then you get

2/9 (t+2) (3t+2)^(3/2) - integral( 2/9 (3t+2)^(3/2) dt ) or

2/9 (t+2) (3t+2)^(3/2) - 2 / (3 * 5/2 * 9) (3t+2)^(5/2) or

2/9 (t+2) (3t+2)^(3/2) - 4/135 (3t+2)^(5/2). Factoring out (3t + 2)^(3/2) you get

(3t+2)^(3/2) [ 2/9 (t+2) - 4/135 (3t+2) ] or

(3t+2)^(3/2) [ 30/135 (t+2) - 4/135 (3t+2) ] or

(3t+2)^(3/2) [ 30 (t+2) - 4(3t+2) ] / 135 which simplifies to

2( 9t + 26) ( 3t+2)^(3/2) / 135.

.........................................

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Self-critique (if necessary):

I was having trouble with the simplification of this problem. After looking at this for a I now see that the dt changes the power of the second component to (5?2) then I was hung up on the factoring but I now see that we can factor out the (3/2 ) out of the 5/2 because it will result in a value of 2/2 which is equal to 1 which can be omitted from the equation. Once I figured this out the rest of the problem appears to be fairly straight forward.

@& Good. As you've observed, once you figure it out it's not bad.

*@

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique Rating:

*********************************************

Question: Section 7.2 Problem 8

**** problem 7.2.8 (previously 7.2.27 was 7.3.12) antiderivative of x^5 cos(x^3)

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

Everything that I am trying to do to break this problem apart is resulting in problems ahtat are unable to be solved correctly. I know that in some case a antidirivative can not be found is that the case here????

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

0

.............................................

Given Solution:

It usually takes some trial and error to get this one:

We could try u = x^5, v ' = cos(x^3), but we can't integrate cos(x^3) to get an expression for v.

We could try u = cos(x^3) and v' = x^5. We would get u ' = -3x^2 cos(x^3) and v = x^6 / 6. We would end up having to integrate v u ' = -x^8 / 18 cos(x^3), and that's worse than what we started with.

We could try u = x^4 and v ' = x cos(x^3), or u = x^3 and v ' = x^2 cos(x^3), or u = x^2 and v ' = x^3 cos(x^3), etc..

The combination that works is the one for which we can find an antiderivative of v '. That turns out to be the following:

Let u = x^3, v' = x^2 cos(x^3).

Then u' = 3 x^2 and v = 1/3 sin(x^3) so you have

1/3 * x^3 sin(x^3) - 1/3 * int(3 x^2 sin(x^3) dx).

Now let u = x^3 so du/dx = 3x^2. You get

1/3 * x^3 sin(x^3) - 1/3 * int( sin u du ) = 1/3 (x^3 sin(x^3) + cos u ) = 1/3 ( x^3 sin(x^3) + cos(x^3) ).

It's pretty neat the way this one works out, but you have to try a lot of u and v combinations before you come across the right one.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Self-critique (if necessary):

I Had trouble how to finding the correct U and V values can you explain to me how to do this other than the trial and error approach that I am using. I went through the same process on paper as the solution I just never actually made it to the problem answer.

@& Trial and error is your only alternative at first. After doing a number of problems you develop insight into what works and what doesn't.

Integration in general is like that. There are a number of tricks to try, but really no fixed rules. You just learn the basic tricks, and practice a lot, study a lot of solutions, and learn by experience.

I can help, of course. If you show me your trials and errors, I can point out alternatives you might have overlooked, and I can see the pattern of your thinking and give you pointers accordingly.*@

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique Rating:

0

*********************************************

Question: **** What substitution, breakdown into parts and/or other tricks did you use to obtain the antiderivative?

......!!!!!!!!...................................

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

In most cases I try to start with substitution and if that proves not possible I then breakdown into parts. The problem is that frequently I do not see it initially then after seeing the solution it is clear.

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

3

.............................................

Given Solution:

TYPICAL STUDENT COMMENT:

I tried several things:

v'=cos(x^3)

v=int of v'

u=x^5

u'=5x^4

I tried to figure out the int of cos(x^3), but I keep getting confused:

It becomes the int of 1/3cosudu/u^(1/3)

I feel like I`m going in circles with some of these.

INSTRUCTOR RESPONSE:

As noted in the given solution, it often takes some trial and error. With practice you learn what to look for.

.........................................

00:53:03

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Self-critique (if necessary):

I am like the typical student comment in the fact that I am spending a lot of time in circles and in many cases abandonoong my work and restarting but I think that my big thing is I need more practice.

@& Practice really is the key, but if you show me more of your thinking I can be of more help.

*@

------------------------------------------------

Self-critique Rating:

*********************************************

Question: Section 7.2 Problem 13

problem7.2.13 (previously 7.2.50 was 7.3.48) f(0)=6, f(1) = 5, f'(1) = 2; find int( x f'', x, 0, 1).

**** What is the value of the requested integral?

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Your solution:

After finding the components and applying them to get the formula of x*fx`-fx because of the range being 0 to 1 and the second term becomes (f(1)-f(0)) because of the range. This simplifies to the equation of 1*f`(1)-(f(1)-f(0)) applying the initial defined terms we get 5-(5-6)=6

There was not a place for me to respond below about the solution after looking at the solution I have made a mistake at the very end in applying the given values and that is where the error in my final answer.

I am in the process of completing the supplemental problems and I hope to have them submitted shortly.

confidence rating #$&*:

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

3

.............................................

Given Solution:

You don't need to know the specific function. You can find this one using integration by parts:

Let u=x and v' = f''(x). Then

u'=1 and v=f'(x).

uv-integral of u'v is thus

xf'(x)-integral of f'(x)

Integral of f'(x) is f(x). So antiderivative is

x f ' (x)-f(x), which we evaluate between 0 and 1. Using the given values we get

1 * f'(1)- (f(1) - f(0)) =

f ‘ (1) + f(0) – f(1) =

2 + 6 - 5 = 3.

STUDENT COMMENT: it seems awkward that the area is negative, so I believe that something is mixed up, but I have looked over it, and I`m not sure what exactly needs to be corrected

** the integral isn't really the area. If the function is negative then the integral over a positive interval will be the negative of the area. **

.........................................

**** Query Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment.

......!!!!!!!!...................................

00:58:57

This was a very tedious assignment, but it will surely be a useful tool in computing areas over fixed integrals in the future. I do need more practice at these integrals, because I feel as if I`m going in circles on some of them. Any suggestions for proper techniques or hints on how to choose u and v? I have tried to look at how each variable would integrate the easiest, but I seem to make it look even more complex than it did at the beginning.

** you want to look at it that way, but sometimes you just have to try every possible combination. For x^5 cos(x^3) you can use

u = x^5, v' = cos(x^3), but you can't integrate v'. At this point you might see that you need an x^2 with the cos(x^3) and then you've got it, if you just plow ahead and trust your reasoning.

If you don't see it the next thing to try is logically u = x^4, v' = x cos(x^3). Doesn't work, but the next thing would be u = x^3, v' = x^2 cos(x^3) and you've got it if you work it through.

Of course there are more complicated combinations like u = x cos(x^3) and v' = x^4, but as you'll see if you work out a few such combinations, they usually give you an expression more complicated than the one you started with. **

This assignment was very time consuming because many of the problems had to be worked several times to achieve a 
suitable answer. I will definitely need to practice doing more 

** Integration technique does take a good deal of practice. There really aren't any shortcuts.

It's very important, of course, to always check your solutions by differentiating your antiderivatives. This helps greatly, both as a check and as a way to begin recognizing common patterns. **

#$&*

"

@& See the notes I've inserted for suggestions, which mainly come down to 'practice, and show me more of your thinking so I can help'.

*@