Query_25

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course Mth 279

5/17

Query 25 Differential Equations*********************************************

Question: Determine whether the set of solutions {y_1, y_2, y_3} is linearly independent, where

y_1 = [ e^t, 1]

y_2 = [ e^(-t), 1]

y_3 = [ sinh(t), 0]

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Your solution:

y1 = [ e^t; 1]

y2 = [ e^(-t); 1]

y3 = [ sinh(t); 0]

psi(t) = [ e^t, e^(-t), sinh(t); 1, 1, 0]

W(t) = det[psi(t)] = [ e^(-t), sinh(t); 1, 0] - [ e^t, sinh(t); 1, 0] + [ e^t, e^(-t); 1, 1]

= -sinh(t) + sinh(t) + e^t - e^(-t)

= e^t - e^(-t)

= 2*sinh(t)

since, sinh(t) = (e^t - e^(-t))/2

And since W(t) is not zero, then this is a fundamental set of equations.

Which is linearly Independent

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Question: Determine whether the set of solutions {y_1, y_2, y_3} is linearly independent, where

y_1 = [ 1, sin^2(t), 0]

y_2 = [ 0, 2 - 2 cos^2(t), -2]

y_3 = [ 1, 0, 1]

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Your solution:

psi(t) = [ 1, 0, 1; sin^2(t), 2-2cos^2(t), 0; 0, -2, 1]

W(t) = det[psi(t)]

=(1)[ 2-2cos^2(t), 0; -2, 1] - (0)[sin^2(t), 0; 0, 1] + (1)[ sin^2(t), 2-2cos^2(t); 0, -2]

= 2-2cos^2(t) - 2sin^2(t)

= -2(-1+cos^2(t) + sin^2(t))

= -2(-1 + 1)

= -2*0

= 0

Since W(t) = 0 this is not a fundamental set, which makes it linearly dependent.

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique rating:

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Question: Determine whether there is a matrix P(t) such that

y_1 = [ t^2, 0 ]

y_2 = [ 2t, 1 ]

is a fundamental set of solutions to the equation

y ' = P(t) y.

If so, find such a matrix P(t).

Hint: The matrix psi(t) = [y_1, y_2 ] = [ t^2, 2 t; 0, 1 ] would need to satisfy psi ' (t) = P(t) psi(t).

In standard notation we could write this as follows:

satisfies

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Your solution:

Since psi ' (t) = P(t) psi(t)

p(t) = psi ' (t) * psi^(-1)(t)

psi^(-1)(t) = (1/t^2)*[ 1, -2t; 0, t^2] = [ 1/t^2, -2/t; 0, 1]

psi ' (t) = [ (t^2)', (2t)'; (0)', (1)' ]

= [ 2t, 2; 0, 0]

psi ' (t) * psi^(-1)(t) = p(t)

[ 2t, 2; 0, 0]*[ 1/t^2, -2/t; 0, 1] = [ 2t, -2; 0, 0]

which satisfies psi ' (t) = p(t) * psi(t)

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating:

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Question: If the matrix psi(t) = [y_1, y_2] = [e^t, e^(-t); e^t, - e^(-t)]:

What are the vector functions y_1 and y_2?

Write out the system of two differential equations represented by the equation y ' = P(t) y with P(t) = [0, 1; 1, 0].

Show that y_1 and y_2 are both solutions of the equation y ' = P(t) y with P(t) = [0, 1; 1, 0].

Show that { y_1 , y_2} is a fundamental set for this equation.

Show that the matrix psi(t) is a solution of the matrix equation psi ' = P(t) psi.

Show that the matrix psi(t) is a fundamental matrix for the linear system of equations.

Let psi_hat(t) = [ 2 e^t - e^(-t), e^t + 3 e^(-t); 2 e^t + e^(-t), e^t - 3e^(-t) ].

Find a constant matrix C such that psi_hat(t) = psi(t) * C.

Based on your matrix C, is psi_hat(t) a solution matrix for the system?

Based on your matrix C, is psi_hat(t) a fundamental matrix for the system?

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Your solution:

p(t) = psi ' (t) * psi^(-1)(t)

psi(t) = [ e^t, e^(-t); e^t, -e^(-t)]

psi ' (t) = [ e^t, -e^(-t); e^t, e^(-t)]

psi^(-1) = 1/(-2) * [ -e^(-t), -e^(-t); -e^t, e^t] = [(1/2)e^(-t), (1/2)e^(-t); (1/2)e^t, (-1/2)e^t]

psi ' (t) * psi^(-1) = p(t)

[ e^t, -e^(-t); e^t, e^(-t)]*[(1/2)e^(-t), (1/2)e^(-t); (1/2)e^t, (-1/2)e^t] = [ 0, 1; 1, 0]

this proves that y1, and y2 are solutions.

To Check:

psi ' (t) = p(t)*psi(t)

[ 0, 1; 1, 0]*[ e^t, e^(-t); e^t, -e^(-t)] = [ e^t, -e^(-t); e^t, e^(-t)]

This proves to check out!

psi(t) = [ e^t, e^(-t); e^t, -e^(-t)]

W(t) = det[psi(t)] cannot be zero

W(t) = -1 -1 = -2

confidence rating #$&*:

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating:

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Question: Given the system

y ' = [ 1, 1; 0, -2 ] y

verify that

psi(t) = [ e^t, e^(-2 t); 0, e^(-2 t) ]

is a fundamental matrix for the system.

Find a matrix C such that

psi_hat(t) = psi(t) * C

is a solution matrix satisfying initial condition psi_hat(0) = I, where I is the identity matrix.

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Your solution:

W(t) = det[psi(t)] is not zero.

= e^(-t)

psi(0) = [ 1, 1; 0, 1]

psi_hat(0) = I = psi(t) * C

[1, 0; 0, 1] = [ 1, 1; 0, 1]*C

psi_hat(0) * psi^(-1)(0) = C

[1, 0; 0, 1]*[1, -1; 0, 1] = [1, -1; 0, 1]

Check:

psi(0) * C = psi_hat(0)

[ 1, 1; 0, 1] * [1, -1; 0, 1] = [ 1, 0; 0, 1]

Which checks out!

confidence rating #$&*:

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3

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Given Solution:

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Self-critique (if necessary):

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Self-critique rating:"

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