shifting shrinking stretching

How are the shifting, shrinking and stretching surpose to be drawn? I am confused on how to get them as well as the graphing of shrinking and streching horizontal or vectical.

To vertically shift a graph c units, you add c to every y value, which either raises (for positive values of c) or lowers (for negative values of c) every point of the graph by the same amount. The y coordinate of every point becomes y + c.

To vertically stretch a graph by factor A, you move every point | A | times as far from the horizontal axis, and if A is negative you also move the point to the opposite side of that axis. The y coordinate of every point becomes A * y. Different points move by different amounts; the further the point is from the x axis, the more it will have to move.

To horizontally shift a graph h units, you add h to the x coordinate of every point, which moves the graph to the right (if h is positive) or to the left (if h is negative), moving every point the same distance. Every x coordinate becomes x + h.

To horizontally compress a graph by factor k, you move every point in the horizontal direction until it is k times closer to the y axis. This changes the x coordinate of the point, while leaving the y coordinate unchanged. Every x value becomes x / k. The further the point from the y axis, the further it will have to move.