Your 'bottle thermometer' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
** Your optional message or comment: **
This is first half. Second half I will have to submit tommorrow.
Darren
** What happens when you pull water up into the vertical tube then remove the tube from your mouth? **
When I pull the water up air equalizes because pressure relief valve is open. When i close pressure relief valve, water goes back into the bottle but not all the way, because the air pressure closed in the bottle now works against the water coming back down the tube. This is what I thought would happen.
** What happens when you remove the pressure-release cap? **
A small amount of air escaped and this allowed the fluid to drop out of the tube. This is consistent with my expectations.
** What happened when you blew a little air into the bottle? **
When I blew it caused the pressure indicating tube fluid moved away from the bottle. When I released from it then water shot back up through the vertical tube onto my table. The air column moved closer to the bottle after I released. I anticipated all of it except for the actual amount of fluid that came back out of the tube after I was done blowing my bubbles.
** Your estimate of the pressure difference due to a 1% change in pressure, the corresponding change in air column height, and the required change in air temperature: **
1000 N/m^2
10.9 cm
0.01 Celsius
1) Pressure in the bottle is 100 kPa. So changed by 1% is 1 kPa = 1000 N/m^2 will change.
2) Rho g h is equal to 1000 N/m^2. p = rho g h. h = p/rho*g. 1/(9.8) = 0.102 meter which is 10.9 cms.
3) P1/T1 = P2/T2 so P2/P1 = T2/T1 = 101/100 = 1.01T1 t2-t1 = 1.01t1-t1 = 0.01 change in temp Celsius
Both temperatures are in the vicinity of 300 Kelvin. Remember that the gas laws apply only to Kelvin temperatures. So you would use T1 approximately equal to 300 K.
.01 * 300 K is about 3 K.
** Your estimate of degrees of temperature change, amount of pressure change and change in vertical position of water column for 1% temperature change: **
0.01 celsius
100 N/m^2
0.0102 meters
1) T1/T2 = 0.01 degrees celsius
2) 1% pressure leads to 0.01 celsius. So 100 N/m^2 will change Temp 1 degree
3) 1/98 = 0.0102 meter
a 1% temperature change is about 3 Celsius; this would be equivalent to 1000 N/m^2.
** The temperature change corresponding to a 1 cm difference in water column height, and to a 1 mm change: **
0.98 degrees C
0.098 degrees c
A 1 cm change implies a pressure change of rho g `dy = 1000 kg/m^3 * 9.8 m/s^2 * .01 m = 98 Pa. This is about .001 atmosphere and would correspond to .001 * 300 K = .3 K.
1) p = Rho g h = h = 0.01 meter so 1000 * 0.01 * 9.8 so 98 pascal leads to 98/100 = 0.98 C
2) above but divided by 10
** water column position (cm) vs. thermometer temperature (Celsius) **
21.1, 0
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
** Trend of temperatures; estimates of maximum deviation of temperature based on both air column and alcohol thermometer. **
There was little fluctuation. My room is a steady temp. I am in hotel in ORD and it is very pleasant with no air-conditioner going.
** Water column heights after pouring warm water over the bottle: **
done
** Response of the system to indirect thermal energy from your hands: **
Maybe by .2 cm. that is all.
** position of meniscus in horizontal tube vs. alcohol thermometer temperature at 30-second intervals **
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
** What happened to the position of the meniscus in the horizontal tube when you held your warm hands near the container? **
Initially water column moved about 1 cm. Much further than when it was in vertical position.
** Pressure change due to movement of water in horizonal tube, volume change due to 10 cm change in water position, percent change in air volume, change in temperature, difference if air started at 600 K: **
I will have to finish this tommorrow.
** Why weren't we concerned with changes in gas volume with the vertical tube? **
** Pressure change to raise water 6 cm, necessary temperature change in vicinity of 300 K, temperature change required to increase 3 L volume by .7 cm^3: **
** The effect of a 1 degree temperature increase on the water column in a vertical tube, in a horizontal tube, and the slope required to halve the preceding result: **
** Optional additional comments and/or questions: **
Very good work so far. There are a couple of errors, but you're using the right relationships and sound reasoning so you'll understand my notes.
Your 'bottle thermometer' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
** Your optional message or comment: **
This is first half. Second half I will have to submit tommorrow.
Darren
** What happens when you pull water up into the vertical tube then remove the tube from your mouth? **
When I pull the water up air equalizes because pressure relief valve is open. When i close pressure relief valve, water goes back into the bottle but not all the way, because the air pressure closed in the bottle now works against the water coming back down the tube. This is what I thought would happen.
** What happens when you remove the pressure-release cap? **
A small amount of air escaped and this allowed the fluid to drop out of the tube. This is consistent with my expectations.
** What happened when you blew a little air into the bottle? **
When I blew it caused the pressure indicating tube fluid moved away from the bottle. When I released from it then water shot back up through the vertical tube onto my table. The air column moved closer to the bottle after I released. I anticipated all of it except for the actual amount of fluid that came back out of the tube after I was done blowing my bubbles.
** Your estimate of the pressure difference due to a 1% change in pressure, the corresponding change in air column height, and the required change in air temperature: **
1000 N/m^2
10.9 cm
0.01 Celsius
1) Pressure in the bottle is 100 kPa. So changed by 1% is 1 kPa = 1000 N/m^2 will change.
2) Rho g h is equal to 1000 N/m^2. p = rho g h. h = p/rho*g. 1/(9.8) = 0.102 meter which is 10.9 cms.
3) P1/T1 = P2/T2 so P2/P1 = T2/T1 = 101/100 = 1.01T1 t2-t1 = 1.01t1-t1 = 0.01 change in temp Celsius
Both temperatures are in the vicinity of 300 Kelvin. Remember that the gas laws apply only to Kelvin temperatures. So you would use T1 approximately equal to 300 K.
.01 * 300 K is about 3 K.
** Your estimate of degrees of temperature change, amount of pressure change and change in vertical position of water column for 1% temperature change: **
0.01 celsius
100 N/m^2
0.0102 meters
1) T1/T2 = 0.01 degrees celsius
2) 1% pressure leads to 0.01 celsius. So 100 N/m^2 will change Temp 1 degree
3) 1/98 = 0.0102 meter
a 1% temperature change is about 3 Celsius; this would be equivalent to 1000 N/m^2.
** The temperature change corresponding to a 1 cm difference in water column height, and to a 1 mm change: **
0.98 degrees C
0.098 degrees c
A 1 cm change implies a pressure change of rho g `dy = 1000 kg/m^3 * 9.8 m/s^2 * .01 m = 98 Pa. This is about .001 atmosphere and would correspond to .001 * 300 K = .3 K.
1) p = Rho g h = h = 0.01 meter so 1000 * 0.01 * 9.8 so 98 pascal leads to 98/100 = 0.98 C
2) above but divided by 10
** water column position (cm) vs. thermometer temperature (Celsius) **
21.1, 0
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
21.2, 0.1
** Trend of temperatures; estimates of maximum deviation of temperature based on both air column and alcohol thermometer. **
There was little fluctuation. My room is a steady temp. I am in hotel in ORD and it is very pleasant with no air-conditioner going.
** Water column heights after pouring warm water over the bottle: **
done
** Response of the system to indirect thermal energy from your hands: **
Maybe by .2 cm. that is all.
** position of meniscus in horizontal tube vs. alcohol thermometer temperature at 30-second intervals **
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.2, 0.0
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
21.3, 0.1
** What happened to the position of the meniscus in the horizontal tube when you held your warm hands near the container? **
Initially water column moved about 1 cm. Much further than when it was in vertical position.
** Pressure change due to movement of water in horizonal tube, volume change due to 10 cm change in water position, percent change in air volume, change in temperature, difference if air started at 600 K: **
I will have to finish this tommorrow.
** Why weren't we concerned with changes in gas volume with the vertical tube? **
** Pressure change to raise water 6 cm, necessary temperature change in vicinity of 300 K, temperature change required to increase 3 L volume by .7 cm^3: **
** The effect of a 1 degree temperature increase on the water column in a vertical tube, in a horizontal tube, and the slope required to halve the preceding result: **
** Optional additional comments and/or questions: **
Very good work so far. There are a couple of errors, but you're using the right relationships and sound reasoning so you'll understand my notes.