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mth 174

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** Question Form_labelMessages **

partial fractions

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I cannot figure out what I did wrong on this integral using partial fractions the answer in the back of the text is

-15/8 ln (4-x) - ln(x+4)+c but I got

15/8 ln (-x+4) + 15/8 ln (x+4) +c

below are my steps

integral 15/(16-x^2)

15*integral 1/(16-x^2) now factor

15* integral 1/[(-x+4)(x+4)]

remember 15 for later but for now work on partial fractions

A/(-x+4) + B/(x+4) so to get common denominator we multiply

A(x+4) + B(-x+4) gettign Ax + 4A -Bx + 4B =1(numerator)

x(A - B) =0

A-B=0

A=B

4A + 4B = 1 (sub in A=B)

4B + 4B =1

8B=1

B=1/8

going back to integral fill in for A and B

15* integral (1/8) / (-x+4) + 15* integral (1/8)/(x+4)

@&

My answer agrees with yours up to this point.

However you need to be careful with the substitution you use in integrating 1 / (-x + 4).

When you integrate 1 / (-x+4) you'll let u = -x + 4 so that du = -dx. Your integral will be - ln(|u|) = - ln( |-x+4 | ).

The correct result is then

15 / 8 ( -ln( | -x + 4 | ) ) + ln( |x + 4 | )) + c.

The integrand is not defined at x = 4 or x = -4, at which points the denominator is zero.

Assuming that -4 < x < 4, we have

| x + 4 | = x + 4

and

| -x + 4 | = 4 - x.

In this case our integral is

15 / 8 ( -ln( 4 - x ) ) + ln( x + 4 )) + c

= 15 / 8 * ln ( (x + 4) / (4 - x) ) + c.

Now if x > 4, | -x + 4 | = - (-x + 4) = x - 4 and our integral is

15 / 8 ( -ln( x - 4 ) ) + ln( x + 4 )) + c

= 15 / 8 * ln ( (x + 4) / (x - 4) ) + c.

And if x < -4, our integral is the same:

15 / 8 ( -ln( 4 - x ) ) + ln(-( x + 4) )) + c

= 15 / 8 * ln ( - (x + 4) / (4 - x) ) + c

= 15 / 8 * ln( (x + 4) / (x - 4) )+ c.

*@

15/8ln (-x+4) + 15/8 (ln (x+4) +c

Can you tell me what I am doing wrong?

@&

I don't completely agree with you or the book, but I'm closer to your conclusion.

Check my notes.

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