Assmt 2  3

course Mth 158

Will we be responsible for knowing all of the formulas for volume, surface area, etc. for the tests? Also, did you get my assmt 1 I sent on 9/1?

Not all the formulas will be required; it should be clear on each test which ones will, that you will be expected to know the basic ones, which should be common knowledge. After working the homework it's very likely that you will.

??????????w???assignment #002

002. `query 2

College Algebra

09-03-2008

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08:18:12

query R.2.46 (was R.2.36) Evaluate for x = -2, and y = 3 the expression (2x - 3) / y and explan how you got your result.

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RESPONSE -->

First I substituted for x and y, then solved first for the numcerator. 2(-2) - 3/3 = -4 -3/ 3 = -7/3.

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08:18:25

** Starting with (2x-3)/y we substitute x=-2 and y=3 to get

(2*(-2) - 3)/3 =

(-4-3)/3=

-7/3. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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08:21:42

query R.2. 55 (was R.2.45) Evaluate for x = 3 and y = -2: | |4x| - |5y| | and explan how you got your result.

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RESPONSE -->

First I substituted for x and y. Then I took the absolute value of 4 *3 and 5*-2 to equal 12-10. The answer is |2| or 2.

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08:21:51

** Starting with | | 4x |- | 5y | | we substitute x=3 and y=-2 to get

| | 4*3 | - | 5*-2 | | =

| | 12 | - | -10 | | =

| 12-10 | =

| 2 | =

2. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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08:24:06

query R.2.64 (was R.2.54) Explain what values, if any, must not be present in the domain of the expression (-9x^2 - x + 1) / (x^3 + x)

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RESPONSE -->

The values (c) x=0 and (d) x=-1. This is true because the denominator becomes 0 with these values. You can't divide by 0.

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08:26:37

** The denominator of this expression cannot be zero, since division by zero is undefined.

Since x^3 + x factors into (x^2 + 1) ( x ) we see that x^3 + x = 0 only if x^2 + 1 = 0 or x = 0.

Since x^2 cannot be negative x^2 + 1 cannot be 0, so x = 0 is indeed the only value for which x^3 + x = 0. **

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RESPONSE -->

I see what I did wrong.

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08:27:57

query R.2.76 \ 73 (was R.4.6). What is -4^-2 and how did you use the laws of exponents to get your result?

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RESPONSE -->

The answer is 16. Since -4 is in parentheses, it would be (-4)(-4).

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08:30:02

** order of operations implies exponentiation before multiplication; the - in front of the 4 is not part of the 4 but is an implicit multiplication by -1. Thus only 4 is raised to the -2 power.

-4^(-2) Since a^-b = 1 / (a^b), we have

4^-2 = 1 / (4)^2 = 1 / 16.

The - in front then gives us -4^(-2) = - ( 1/ 16) = -1/16.

If the intent was to take -4 to the -2 power the expression would have been written (-4)^(-2).**

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RESPONSE -->

I'm sorry. I gave the answer for 74. This is exactly what I had for 76. I know that you use the reciprocal and the number should be negative because the -4 is not in parentheses.

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08:34:48

query Extra Problem. What is (3^-2 * 5^3) / (3^2 * 5) and how did you use the laws of exponents to get your result?

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RESPONSE -->

This is how I would do it. 3^(2-2) * 5^(3-1). This would equal 3^0 * 5^2 = 1 * 25 = 25

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08:36:10

** (3^(-2)*5^3)/(3^2*5). Grouping factors with like bases we have

3^(-2)/3^2 * 5^3 / 5. Using the fact that a^b / a^c = a^(b-c) we get

3^(-2 -2) * 5^(3-1), which gives us

3^-4 * 5^2. Using a^(-b) = 1 / a^b we get

(1/3^4) * 5^2. Simplifying we have

(1/81) * 25 = 25/81. **

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RESPONSE -->

I must have missed the negative on the numerator. I have the right idea.

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08:42:34

query R.2.94. Express [ 5 x^-2 / (6 y^-2) ] ^ -3 with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

You use the reciprocal of negative exponents. This would make it (5y^2/6x^2)^-3 =(6x^2/ 5y^2)^3

216y^6/125x^6.

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08:48:56

[ 5 x^-2 / (6 y^-2) ] ^ -3 = (5 x^-2)^-3 / (6 y^-2)^-3, since (a/b)^c = a^c / b^c. This simplifies to

5^-3 (x^-2)^-3 / [ 6^-3 (y^-2)^-3 ] since (ab)^c = a^c b^c. Then since (a^b)^c = a^(bc) we have

5^-3 x^6 / [ 6^-3 y^6 ] . We rearrange this to get the result

6^3 x^6 / (5^3 y^6), since a^-b = 1 / a^b.

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RESPONSE -->

So I needed to multiply exponents first. ok

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08:54:13

query Extra Problem. Express (-8 x^3) ^ -2 with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

(-8)^-2 * (x^3)^-2=

1/64 * x^-6 =

1/64 *1/x^6=

1/64x^6

This follows the (ab)^n = a^nb^n rule.

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08:56:49

** ERRONEOUS STUDENT SOLUTION: (-8x^3)^-2

-1/(-8^2 * x^3+2)

1/64x^5

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT:1/64x^5 means 1 / 64 * x^5 = x^5 / 64. This is not what you meant but it is the only correct interpretation of what you wrote.

Also it's not x^3 * x^2, which would be x^5, but (x^3)^2.

There are several ways to get the solution. Two ways are shown below. They make more sense if you write them out in standard notation.

ONE CORRECT SOLUTION: (-8x^3)^-2 =

(-8)^-2*(x^3)^-2 =

1 / (-8)^2 * 1 / (x^3)^2 =

1/64 * 1/x^6 =

1 / (64 x^5).

Alternatively

(-8 x^3)^-2 =

1 / [ (-8 x^3)^2] =

1 / [ (-8)^2 (x^3)^2 ] =

1 / ( 64 x^6 ). **

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RESPONSE -->

I thought that was the answer that I gave.

It was, pretty much. You didn't group you're denominator, and should have, but it's clear what you intended.

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09:01:43

query R.2.90 (was R.4.36). Express (x^-2 y) / (x y^2) with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

I used a^m/a^n = a^m-n.

x^-2-1 * y^1-2=

x^-3 * y^-1 =

1/x^3y

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09:03:01

** (1/x^2 * y) / (x * y^2)

= (1/x^2 * y) * 1 / (x * y^2)

= y * 1 / ( x^2 * x * y^2)

= y / (x^3 y^2)

= 1 / (x^3 y).

Alternatively, or as a check, you could use exponents on term as follows:

(x^-2y)/(xy^2)

= x^-2 * y * x^-1 * y^-2

= x^(-2 - 1) * y^(1 - 2)

= x^-3 y^-1

= 1 / (x^3 y).**

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:11:47

query Extra Problem. . Express 4 x^-2 (y z)^-1 / [ (-5)^2 x^4 y^2 z^-5 ] with only positive exponents and explain how you used the laws of exponents to get your result.

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RESPONSE -->

I would first use a^m/a^n =a^m-n.

4(x^-2-4)(y^-1-2)(z^-1+5)/-5^2=

4(x^-6)(y^-3)(z^4)/25=

4z^4/25x^6(y^3)

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09:12:23

** Starting with

4x^-2(yz)^-1/ [ (-5)^2 x^4 y^2 z^-5] Squaring the -5 and using the fact that (yz)^-1 = y^1 * z^-1:

4x^-2 * y^-1 * z^-1/ [25 * x^4 * y^2 * z^-5} Grouping the numbers, and the x, the y and the z expression:

(4/25) * (x^-2/x^4) * (y^-1/y^2) * (z^-1/z^-5) Simplifying by the laws of exponents:

(4/25) * x^(-2-4) * y^(-1-2) * z^(-1+5) Simplifying further:

(4/25) * x^-6 * y^-3 * z^4 Writing with positive exponents:

4z^4/ (25x^6 * y^3 ) **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:12:58

query R.2.122 (was R.4.72). Express 0.00421 in scientific notation.

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RESPONSE -->

4.21 *10^-3

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09:13:15

** 0.00421 in scientific notation is 4.21*10^-3. This is expressed on many calculators as 4.21 E-4. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:13:35

query R.2.128 (was R.4.78). Express 9.7 * 10^3 in decimal notation.

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RESPONSE -->

9,700

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09:13:41

** 9.7*10^3 in decimal notation is 9.7 * 1000 = 9700 **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:18:07

query R.2.152 \ 150 (was R.2.78) If an unhealthy temperature is one for which | T - 98.6 | > 1.5, then how do you show that T = 97 and T = 100 are unhealthy?

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RESPONSE -->

I would use the formula |x - 98.6| >1.5 and substitue 97 and 100 for x. Substituting 97, the answer is |-1.6| or 1.6>1.5. This is unhealthy. Substituting 100. the answer is 1.4 which is not > 1.5, so 100 is healthy

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09:18:15

** You can show that T=97 is unhealthy by substituting 97 for T to get | -1.6| > 1.5, equivalent to the true statement 1.6>1.5.

But you can't show that T=100 is unhealthy, when you sustitute for T then it becomes | 100 - 98.6 | > 1.5, or

| 1.4 | > 1.5, giving us

1.4>1.5, which is an untrue statement. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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???}????????

assignment #003

003. `query 3

College Algebra

09-03-2008

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09:22:23

query R.3.16 \ 12 (was R.3.6) What is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs 14 and 48 and how did you get your result?

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RESPONSE -->

I used the pythagorean theorem. a^2 +b^2 = c^2

14^2 + 48^2 = c^2

196+2304=sqrt2500

=50

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09:22:35

** The Pythagorean Theorem tells us that

c^2 = a^2 + b^2, where a and b are the legs and c the hypotenuse. Substituting 14 and 48 for a and b we get

c^2 = 14^2 + 48^2, so that

c^2 = 196 + 2304 or

c^2 = 2500.

This tells us that c = + sqrt(2500) or -sqrt(2500). Since the length of a side can't be negative we conclude that c = +sqrt(2500) = 50. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:24:02

query R.3.22 \ 18 (was R.3.12). Is a triangle with legs of 10, 24 and 26 a right triangle, and how did you arrive at your answer?

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RESPONSE -->

Using the Pythagorean Theorem 10^2 + 24^2 = 26^2

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09:24:25

** Using the Pythagorean Theorem we have

c^2 = a^2 + b^2, if and only if the triangle is a right triangle. Substituting we get

26^2 = 10^2 + 24^2, or

676 = 100 + 576 so that

676 = 676

This confirms that the Pythagorean Theorem applies and we have a right triangle. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:47:38

query R.3.34 \ 30 (was R.3.24). What are the volume and surface area of a sphere with radius 3 meters, and how did you obtain your result?

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RESPONSE -->

I obtained my results using the fomulas V=4/3pir^3 and SA=4pir^2

V=4/3 pi3^3 = 4/3 pi 27

V=36pi ft^3

SA = 4pi 3^2 = 36pi ft^2

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09:48:08

** To find the volume and surface are a sphere we use the given formulas:

Volume = 4/3 * pi * r^3

V = 4/3 * pi * 3^3

V = 4/3 * pi * 27

V = 36pi m^3

Surface Area = 4 * pi * r^2

S = 4 * pi * 3^2

S = 4 * pi * 9

S = 36pi m^2. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:52:49

query R.3.50 \ 42 (was R.3.36). A pool of diameter 20 ft is enclosed by a deck of width 3 feet. What is the area of the deck and how did you obtain this result?

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RESPONSE -->

First I figured the area of the pool, then the entire area. I then subtracted the area of the pool.

pool area = pir^2= pi 10^2 = 100pi ft^2.

Entire area = pi 13^2=169pi ft^2.

169-100 = 69pi ft^2.

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09:53:05

** The deck plus the pool gives you a circle of radius 10 ft + 3 ft = 13 ft.

The area of the deck plus the pool is therefore pi * (13 ft)^2 = 169 pi ft^2.

So the area of the deck must be

deck area = area of deck and pool - area of pool = 169 pi ft^2 - 100 pi ft^2 = 69 pi ft^2. **

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RESPONSE -->

ok

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09:53:48

Query Add comments on any surprises or insights you experienced as a result of this assignment.

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RESPONSE -->

I had a terrible time ( and finally gave up) on problem 58.

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I can address problems by problem number, since I respond from various locations and don't carry the text with me (I wouldn't mind doing so that I would quickly misplace it). If you give me a general idea of what question was, and what you do and do not understand on it, I'll be glad to give you feedback, hints, and general help.

Very good work. To be careful of grouping and order of operations. It was clear what you intended on most answers, that you didn't always express them in a manner consistent with the order of operations.