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PHY121
Your 'ball down ramp' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
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A ball is timed as it rolls from rest to the end of a ramp. The slope of the ramp is varied. Preliminary conclusions are drawn about the motion and the effect of ramp slope. A subsequent lab exercise uses the data from this lab to reach additional conclusions.
Most students report completion times between 45 minutes and 75 minutes hour, with a few reporting times as short as 25 minutes or as long as 2 hours. Median time of completion is around 1 hour.
Timing Ball down Ramp
The picture below shows a ball near the end of a grooved steel track (this steel track is a piece of 'shelf standard'); the shelf standard is supported by a stack of two dominoes. Your lab materials package contains two pieces of shelf standard; the shelf standard shown in the figure is white, but the one in your kit might be colored black, gold, silver or any of a variety of other colors.
If a ball rolls from an initial state of rest down three ramps with different slopes, the same distance along the ramp each time, do you think the time required to roll the length of the ramp will be greatest or least for the steepest ramp, or will the interval on the steepest ramp be neither the greatest nor the least? Explain why you think you have correctly predicted the behavior of the system.
Your answer (start in the next line):
I hypothesize the steeper the incline the greater the speed
The steeper the incline the greater the potential energy and th greater the effect gravity will have
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If we write down the slopes from least to greatest, next to the time intervals observed for those slopes, would you expect the time intervals to be increasing or decreasing, or do you think there would be no clear pattern? Explain why you think you have correctly described the behavior of the numbers in the table.
Your answer (start in the next line):
After arranging the slopes from least to greatest we would observe the time intervals decreasing as the slope increases
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Set up the shelf standard ramp on a reasonably level table, using a piece of 30-cm shelf standard and a single domino under the high end of the ramp. Position the dominoes so that the last .5 cm of the ramp extends beyond the point where the ramp contacts the domino,.and do the same in all subsequent setups.
Set the bracket on the table, touching the lower end of the ramp so that a ball rolling down the ramp will strike the bracket..
Mark a point about 3 cm below the top end of the ramp. Place a domino on the ramp to its high end is at this point, and place the ball just above the domino, so the domino is holding it back. Quickly pull the domino away from the ball so the ball begins to roll freely down the ramp. Allow the ball to roll until it strikes the bracket.
The bracket will probably move a little bit. Reset it at the end of the ramp.
Determine how far the ball rolled from release until it struck the bracket.
Now repeat, but this time use the TIMER. The first click will occur at the instant you release the ball, the second at the instant the ball strikes the bracket. Practice until you are as sure as you can be that you are clicking and pulling back the domino at the same instant, and that your second click is simultaneous with the ball striking the bracket.
When you are ready, do 5 trials 'for real' and record your time intervals.
Then reverse the system--without otherwise changing the position of the ramp, place the domino under the left end and position the bracket at the right end.
Time 5 trials with the ramp in this position.
In the space below, give the time interval for each trial, rounded to the nearest .001 second. Give 1 trial on each line, so that you will have a total of 10 lines, the first 5 lines for the first system, then 5 lines for the second system.
Beginning in 11th line give a short narrative description of what your data means and how it was collected.
Also describe what you were thinking, relevant to physics and the experiment, during the process of setting up the system and performing the trials.
Your answer (start in the next line):
1.279
1.480
1.529
1.544
1.513
1.810
2.060
1.853
1.750
1.842
These numbers represent the amount of time it took for the ball to roll down a ramp 27.5 cm with a domino propping up one end.
I noticed that when I reversed the direction of the ramp their were no signifigant changes in time intervals
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Now place two dominoes under the right end and repeat the process, obtaining the time interval for each of 5 trials.
Then place the two dominoes under the left end and repeat once more.
Enter your 10 time intervals using the same format as before.
Your answer (start in the next line):
1.111
1.044
1.154
1.153
1.090
1.250
1.263
1.281
1.200
1.313
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Repeat the preceding using 3 dominoes instead of 2. Enter your 10 time intervals using the same format as before.
Your answer (start in the next line):
.875
.980
.922
.889
.922
.964
1.034
1.111
1.076
1.095
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Repeat the preceding again, still using the 3 domino setup, but this time place a CD or a DVD disk (or something of roughly similar thickness) on the 'low' end of the ramp. You need time only 5 intervals, but if you prefer you may use 10. Enter your 5 (or 10) time intervals using the same format as before.
Your answer (start in the next line):
.986
.933
.967
.938
.972
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Repeat the preceding one last time, still using the 3 domino setup, but remove the disk and replace it with a piece of paper. You need time only 5 intervals, but if you prefer you may use 10. Enter your 5 (or 10) time intervals using the same format as before.
Your answer (start in the next line):
.955
.969
.964
.940
.950
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Do your results support or fail to support the hypotheses you stated in the first two questions, regarding the relationship between time intervals and slopes? Explain.
Your answer (start in the next line):
These results support my hypothesis that as slope increases so does speed therefore reducing time travelled
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How do you think the average velocity of the ball is related to the slope of the ramp? Explain in as much detail as possible.
Your answer (start in the next line):
Average velocity = distance / time
As the slope gets steeper, the time interval decreases, which would increase the average velocity
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Speculate on what it is that causes the average velocity on these ramps to change with slope.
Your answer (start in the next line):
As slope changes the gravity parallel to the surface also changes thereby also changing velocity
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How might you verify whether your speculations are indeed valid explanations?
Your answer (start in the next line):
as
Calculate average velocity of the ball rolled for each slope measured
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Do your data conclusively show that the disk made a difference?
Your answer (start in the next line):
The data I recorded shows that while the disk made a noticeable difference on occasion it was a small enough change of slope that a few of my time intervals are identical or even greater
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Do your data conclusively show that the piece of paper made a difference?
Your answer (start in the next line):
The piece of paper did not make a significant difference due to how minute the change in slope was
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Imagine that someone is placing different objects below the 'low' end of the ramp, and you are timing the ball. Assume that somehow the object placed below the 'low' end is hidden from you in a way that does not interfere with the timing process. Compared to the thickness of the DVD, how thin would the object have to be before you would be unable, using the TIMER, to observe a difference in times down the ramp?
Answer this question in the first line below. Express your answer in multiples or fractions of the thickness of a disk.
Starting in the second line, explain how you came to your conclusion, based on the results you obtained in this experiment. Also discuss how you could modify or refine the experiment, still using the TIMER, to distinguish the effect of the thinnest possible object placed under the 'low end.
Your answer (start in the next line):
An object of ¾ the thickness of the CD would not make a noticeable difference
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Had you placed the disk below the 'low' end of the ramp in a 1-domino setup, do you think the difference in times would have been greater or less? Do you think you would be better able distinguish the presence of a thinner object using the 1-domino setup, or the 3-domino setup? Explain your reasoning below:
Your answer (start in the next line):
I believe that times would be less than this setup without the CD. Using the single domino setup would make distinguishing the thinner object simpler due to the smaller slope and reduced speed of the ball
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Does the ball's velocity change more or less quickly with the 3-domino setup or the 1-domino setup? Explain as best you can how you could use your results to support your answer.
Your answer (start in the next line):
In both setups the distance travelled remains constant but with the 3 domino this distance is covered at a faster rate than the 1 domino setup. The average velocity would be faster with the 3 domino system.
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Your instructor is trying to gauge the typical time spent by students on these experiments. Please answer the following question as accurately as you can, understanding that your answer will be used only for the stated purpose and has no bearing on your grades:
• Approximately how long did it take you to complete this experiment?
Your answer (start in the next line):
1h44m
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Very good.
However note that you didn't calculate the requested average velocities. I'm confident that you know how to do this so I won't ask for a revision.
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