Phy 232
Your 'flow experiment' report has been received. Scroll down through the document to see any comments I might have inserted, and my final comment at the end.
** Your initial message (if any): **
** Is flow rate increasing, decreasing, etc.? **
I would expect the rate of flow to decrease because as water flows out of the cylinder there will be less pressure from the water pushing it out of the cylinder, thus making the water begin to slow its flow.
** Is the velocity of the water surface increasing, decreasing, etc.? **
Rate of flow is probably going to linearly decrease making it a straight line with a negative slope. Therefore velocity, it's second derivative, will remain the same.
** How would the velocity of the water surface, the velocity of the exiting water, the diameter of the cylinder and the diameter of the hole be interrelated? **
We would first have to find the potenetial energy of the water. Since we have conservation of energy, the kinetic and potential energy would be equal and we could solve for velocity from this equation.
sqrt(2*g*h)
** Explain how we know that a change in velocity implies the action of a force: **
With no hole in the cylinder, the water has an initial velocity of zero. To accelerate this velocity water is let drain out of the hole, this is gravity acting as a force and pulling the water down.
There must be some acting force on an object to make it move, energy can not be created out of thin air.
** Does the depth seem to be changing at a regular rate, at a faster and faster rate, or at a slower and slower rate **
slower and slower rate
** What do you think a graph of depth vs. time would look like? **
It would look like a negative diagonal line going from zero time at the highest height of the water until the cylinder is drained at y=0.
** Does the horizontal distance (the distance to the right, ignoring the up and down distance) traveled by the stream increase or decrease as time goes on? **
decrease because the depth is getting lower and lower
** Does this distance change at an increasing, decreasing or steady rate? **
steady rate
** What do you think a graph of this horizontal distance vs. time would look like? **
It would be a straight horizontal line that is constant
** The contents of TIMER program as you submitted them: **
1 503.2969 503.2969
2 503.625 .328125
3 503.8906 .265625
4 504.1563 .265625
5 504.3906 .234375
6 504.6406 .25
7 504.8281 .1875
8 505.0156 .1875
9 505.25 .234375
10 505.4688 .21875
11 505.7031 .234375
12 505.9375 .234375
13 506.2344 .296875
14 506.5313 .296875
15 506.9063 .375
16 507.1875 .28125
17 507.5156 .328125
18 507.8906 .375
19 508.2344 .34375
20 508.6094 .375
21 509.1094 .5
22 509.8125 .703125
23 511.5938 1.78125
** The vertical positions of the large marks as you reported them, relative to the center of the outflow hole **
0.2
1
1.8
2.6
3.4
4.2
5
5.8
6.5
7.3
8.1
8.8
9.6
10.3
11.1
11.8
12.6
13.3
14.1
14.8
15.5
16.3
17
** Your table for depth (in cm) vs clock time (in seconds) **
0,17
0.328125,16.3
0.65625,15.5
0.984375,14.8
1.3125,14.1
1.640625,13.3
1.96875,12.6
2.296875,11.8
2.625,11.1
2.953125,10.3
3.28125,9.6
3.609375,8.8
3.9375,8.1
4.265625,7.3
4.59375,6.5
4.921875,5.8
5.25,5
5.578125,4.2
5.90625,3.4
6.234375,2.6
6.5625,1.8
6.890625,1
7.21875,0.2
** Is the depth changing at a regular rate, at a faster and faster rate, or at a slower and slower rate? **
I thought it would be changing at a slower and slower rate, and after looking at my data, it supports my hypothesis from above.
** Your description of your depth vs. t graph: **
My graph is decreasing at a slower and slower rate. It starts off almost decreasing at a constant rate and about halfway down, the line begins to level off, still decreasing but at a slower rate than before.
** Your explanation and list of average average velocities: **
The average velocity between two points will be the derivative of the line that connects those two points. So, I am looking at finding rise/run. In order to do this, I subtracted the preceding height - the current height/(preceding time-current time)
-2.133333333
-3.011764706
-2.635294118
-2.986666667
-3.2
-3.733333333
-3.413333333
-3.2
-3.413333333
-3.2
-3.413333333
-2.986666667
-2.694736842
-2.694736842
-1.866666667
-2.327272727
-2.133333333
-2.327272727
-2.133333333
-1.6
-1.137777778
-0.449122807
** The midpoints of your time intervals and how you obtained them: **
Midpoint is found by averaging the two time intervals: (preceding time - current time)/2
0.1640625
0.4609375
0.7265625
0.9765625
1.21875
1.4375
1.6484375
1.875
2.1015625
2.328125
2.5546875
2.7890625
3.0546875
3.3515625
3.6875
4.046875
4.40625
4.765625
5.125
5.5625
6.1640625
7.40625
** Your table of average velocity of water surface vs. clock time: **
0.1640625,-2.133333333
0.4609375,-3.011764706
0.7265625,-2.635294118
0.9765625,-2.986666667
1.21875,-3.2
1.4375,-3.733333333
1.6484375,-3.413333333
1.875,-3.2
2.1015625,-3.413333333
2.328125,-3.2
2.5546875,-3.413333333
2.7890625,-2.986666667
3.0546875,-2.694736842
3.3515625,-2.694736842
3.6875,-1.866666667
4.046875,-2.327272727
4.40625,-2.133333333
4.765625,-2.327272727
5.125,-2.133333333
5.5625,-1.6
6.1640625,-1.137777778
7.40625,-0.449122807
** Your description of your graph of average velocity vs clock time: **
If you connect the data points with lines, you can't see a trend; however, by graphing just data points, you can see a parabolic trend going through the cluster of points. From about 0 - 1.5 sec the graph is decreasing at almost a constant rate and then form then on it is increasing at almost a constant rate
** Your explanation of how acceleration values were obtained: **
I obtained my acceleration values by calculating the slope between each point of the velocity graph. rise/run
-2.958926729
1.417301038
-1.405490196
-0.880860215
-2.438095238
1.517037037
0.941609195
-0.941609195
0.941609195
-0.941609195
1.820444444
1.099029928
0
2.46495308
-1.28168643
0.539657444
-0.539657444
0.539657444
1.219047619
0.768369408
0.554388907
** Your acceleration vs clock time table: **
0.4609375,-2.958926729
0.7265625,1.417301038
0.9765625,-1.405490196
1.21875,-0.880860215
1.4375,-2.438095238
1.6484375,1.517037037
1.875,0.941609195
2.1015625,-0.941609195
2.328125,0.941609195
2.5546875,-0.941609195
2.7890625,1.820444444
3.0546875,1.099029928
3.3515625,0
3.6875,2.46495308
4.046875,-1.28168643
4.40625,0.539657444
4.765625,-0.539657444
5.125,0.539657444
5.5625,1.219047619
6.1640625,0.768369408
7.40625,0.554388907
** According to the evidence here, is acceleration increasing, decreasing, staying the same or is in not possible to tell? **
My data indicates a scattered pattern there is no conclusive results; therefore, my results are inconclusive
The acceleration of the water is actually decreasing
** **
2.5 hrs
&#Very good work. Let me know if you have questions. &#