course Phy201-2 This ends the first assignment.ԹRǨmg
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10:40:45 `q001. You should copy and paste these instructions to a word processor for reference. However you can always view them, as well as everything else that has appeared in this box, by clicking the 'Display Everything' button. 1. For the next question or answer, you click on 'Next Question / Answer' button above the box at top left until a question has been posed. Once a question has been posed you are to answer before you click again on this button. 2. Before clicking for an answer, type your best answer to the current question into the box to the right, then clip on the 'Enter Answer' button. 3. After entering your answer you will click on 'Next Question / Answer' to view the answer to the question. Do not tamper with the information displayed in the left-hand box. 4. If your answer was incorrect, incomplete or would otherwise require revision, you will enter a self-critique. If you learned something from the answer, you need to restate it in your own words in order to reinforce your learning. If there is something you feel you should note for future reference, you should make a note in your own words. Go to the response box (the right-hand box) and type in a self-critique and/or notes, as appropriate. Do not copy and paste anything from the left-hand box, since that information will be saved in any case. 5. If you wish to save your response to your Notes file you may choose to click on the 'Save As Notes' button rather than the 'Enter Answer' button. Doing so will save your work for your future reference. Your work will be saved in a Notes file in the c:\vhmthphy folder. The title of the Notes file will also include the name you gave when you started the program. 6. After clicking either the 'Enter Response' or the 'Save as Notes' button, click on 'Next Question / Answer' and proceed in a similar manner. In the right-hand box briefly describe your understanding of these instructions, then click 'Enter Answer'.
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RESPONSE --> I understand these directions. I should click on the next question, answer to the best I can in the box to the right. I should then hit enter response. If I was incorrect or missing something I should enter a self critque. Then hit enter response and next question. confidence assessment: 3
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10:40:55 Your answer has been noted. Enter 'ok' in the Response Box and click on Enter Response, then click on Next Question/Answer for the first real question.
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RESPONSE --> ok confidence assessment: 3
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10:42:16 `q002. Note that there are 10 questions in this assignment. The questions are of increasing difficulty--the first questions are fairly easy but later questions are very tricky. The main purposes of these exercises are to refine your thinking about rates, and to see how you process challenging information. Continue as far as you can until you are completely lost. Students who are prepared for the highest-level math courses might not ever get lost. If you make $50 in 5 hr, then at what rate are you earning money?
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RESPONSE --> 10 dollars an hour. (50 dollars/5hrs=10dollars/hr) confidence assessment: 3
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10:42:44 The rate at which you are earning money is the number of dollars per hour you are earning. You are earning money at the rate of 50 dollars / (5 hours) = 10 dollars / hour. It is very likely that you immediately came up with the $10 / hour because almosteveryone is familiar with the concept of the pay rate, the number of dollars per hour. Note carefully that the pay rate is found by dividing the quantity earned by the time required to earn it. Time rates in general are found by dividing an accumulated quantity by the time required to accumulate it. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I understand this concept well. confidence assessment: 3
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10:43:38 `q003.If you make $60,000 per year then how much do you make per month?
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RESPONSE --> one would make 5000 dollars a month. This is done by dividing 60,000/12 months per year. confidence assessment: 3
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10:43:49 Most people will very quickly see that we need to divide $60,000 by 12 months, giving us 60,000 dollars / (12 months) = 5000 dollars / month. Note that again we have found a time rate, dividing the accumulated quantity by the time required to accumulate it. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I already understand. confidence assessment: 3
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10:44:46 `q004. Suppose that the $60,000 is made in a year by a small business. Would be more appropriate to say that the business makes $5000 per month, or that the business makes an average of $5000 per month?
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RESPONSE --> It is more appropriate to say the business makes an average of 5000 per month. Many different factors will effect the business on a month to month basis confidence assessment: 3
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10:44:58 Small businesses do not usually make the same amount of money every month. The amount made depends on the demand for the services or commodities provided by the business, and there are often seasonal fluctuations in addition to other market fluctuations. It is almost certain that a small business making $60,000 per year will make more than $5000 in some months and less than $5000 in others. Therefore it is much more appropriate to say that the business makes and average of $5000 per month. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I understand confidence assessment: 3
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10:46:16 `q005. If you travel 300 miles in 6 hours, at what average rate are you covering distance, and why do we say average rate instead of just plain rate?
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RESPONSE --> Your average rate is 50 mph. Clearly with traffic and what not your speed may increase and decrease over those 300 miles. confidence assessment: 3
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10:46:36 The average rate is 50 miles per hour, or 50 miles / hour. This is obtained by dividing the accumulated quantity, the 300 miles, by the time required to accumulate it, obtaining ave rate = 300 miles / ( 6 hours) = 50 miles / hour. Note that the rate at which distance is covered is called speed. The car has an average speed of 50 miles/hour. We say 'average rate' in this case because it is almost certain that slight changes in pressure on the accelerator, traffic conditions and other factors ensure that the speed will sometimes be greater than 50 miles/hour and sometimes less than 50 miles/hour; the 50 miles/hour we obtain from the given information is clearly and overall average of the velocities. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I understand this concept well. confidence assessment: 3
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10:48:09 `q006. If you use 60 gallons of gasoline on a 1200 mile trip, then at what average rate are you using gasoline, with respect to miles traveled?
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RESPONSE --> You are using 3 gallons of gas for every 60 miles you drive. So you are getting 20 miles per gallon of gas. confidence assessment: 3
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10:49:39 The rate of change of one quantity with respect to another is the change in the first quantity, divided by the change in the second. As in previous examples, we found the rate at which money was made with respect to time by dividing the amount of money made by the time required to make it. By analogy, the rate at which we use fuel with respect to miles traveled is the change in the amount of fuel divided by the number of miles traveled. In this case we use 60 gallons of fuel in 1200 miles, so the average rate it 60 gal / (1200 miles) = .05 gallons / mile. Note that this question didn't ask for miles per gallon. Miles per gallon is an appropriate and common calculation, but it measures the rate at which miles are covered with respect to the amount of fuel used. Be sure you see the difference. Note that in this problem we again have here an example of a rate, but unlike previous instances this rate is not calculated with respect to time. This rate is calculated with respect to the amount of fuel used. We divide the accumulated quantity, in this case miles, by the amount of fuel required to cover those miles. Note that again we call the result of this problem an average rate because there are always at least subtle differences in driving conditions that require the use of more fuel on some miles than on others. It's very important to understand the phrase 'with respect to'. Whether the calculation makes sense or not, it is defined by the order of the terms. In this case gallons / mile tells you how many gallons you are burning, on the average, per mile. This concept is not as familiar as miles / gallon, but except for familiarity it's technically no more difficult. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I was carless and used the common notation of miles per gallon. I know see if the difference and my mistake. I need to pay for attention to what the question is asking. details! confidence assessment: 3
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10:50:48 `q007. The word 'average' generally connotes something like adding two quantities and dividing by 2, or adding several quantities and dividing by the number of quantities we added. Why is it that we are calculating average rates but we aren't adding anything?
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RESPONSE --> We are calculating average rates since in these situations nothing is constant. Rates of cars are constantly changing due to many environmental factors. confidence assessment: 2
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10:52:42 The word 'average' in the context of the dollars / month, miles / gallon types of questions we have been answering was used because we expect that in different months different amounts were earned, or that over different parts of the trip the gas mileage might have varied, but that if we knew all the individual quantities (e.g., the dollars earned each month, the number of gallons used with each mile) and averaged them in the usual manner, we would get the .05 gallons / mile, or the $5000 / month. In a sense we have already added up all the dollars earned in each month, or the miles traveled on each gallon, and we have obtained the total $60,000 or 1200 miles. Thus when we divide by the number of months or the number of gallons, we are in fact calculating an average rate. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I did not include the fact that in a sense you have already added when you are given the total for the year for example. confidence assessment: 3
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10:55:27 `q008. In a study of how lifting strength is influenced by various ways of training, a study group was divided into 2 subgroups of equally matched individuals. The first group did 10 pushups per day for a year and the second group did 50 pushups per day for year. At the end of the year to lifting strength of the first group averaged 147 pounds, while that of the second group averaged 162 pounds. At what average rate did lifting strength increase per daily pushup?
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RESPONSE --> (162-147)/(50-10)= .375 the lifting strength increased .375 per daily push up. confidence assessment: 3
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10:55:38 The second group had 15 pounds more lifting strength as a result of doing 40 more daily pushups than the first. The desired rate is therefore 15 pounds / 40 pushups = .375 pounds / pushup. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I understand this well. confidence assessment: 3
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10:57:03 `q009. In another part of the study, participants all did 30 pushups per day, but one group did pushups with a 10-pound weight on their shoulders while the other used a 30-pound weight. At the end of the study, the first group had an average lifting strength of 171 pounds, while the second had an average lifting strength of 188 pounds. At what average rate did lifting strength increase with respect to the added shoulder weight?
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RESPONSE --> (188-171)/(30-10)=.85 the average rate increased by .85 confidence assessment: 3
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10:57:11 The difference in lifting strength was 17 pounds, as a result of a 20 pound difference in added weight. The average rate at which strength increases with respect added weight would therefore be 17 lifting pounds / (20 added pounds) = .85 lifting pounds / added pound. The strength advantage was .85 lifting pounds per pound of added weight, on the average. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I understand confidence assessment: 3
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10:59:29 `q010. During a race, a runner passes the 100-meter mark 12 seconds after the start and the 200-meter mark 22 seconds after the start. At what average rate was the runner covering distance between those two positions?
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RESPONSE --> (200-100)/10=10 meters per sec confidence assessment: 2
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10:59:38 The runner traveled 100 meters between the two positions, and required 10 seconds to do so. The average rate at which the runner was covering distance was therefore 100 meters / (10 seconds) = 10 meters / second. Again this is an average rate; at different positions in his stride the runner would clearly be traveling at slightly different speeds. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I understand well. confidence assessment: 3
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11:01:15 `q011. During a race, a runner passes the 100-meter mark moving at 10 meters / second, and the 200-meter mark moving at 9 meters / second. What is your best estimate of how long it takes the runner to cover the 100 meter distance?
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RESPONSE --> It would probably take less than 10 seconds as the runner would be moving faster at the beginning and then slow down as the race continues. confidence assessment: 3
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11:02:22 At 10 meters/sec, the runner would require 10 seconds to travel 100 meters. However the runner seems to be slowing, and will therefore require more than 10 seconds to travel the 100 meters. We don't know what the runner's average speed is, we only know that it goes from 10 m/s to 9 m/s. The simplest estimate we could make would be that the average speed is the average of 10 m/s and 9 m/s, or (10 m/s + 9 m/s ) / 2 = 9.5 m/s. Taking this approximation as the average rate, the time required to travel 100 meters will be (100 meters) / (9.5 m/s) = 10.5 sec, approx.. Note that simply averaging the 10 m/s and the 9 m/s might not be the best way to approximate the average rate--for example we if we knew enough about the situation we might expect that this runner would maintain the 10 m/s for most of the remaining 100 meters, and simply tire during the last few seconds. However we were not given this information, and we don't add extraneous assumptions without good cause. So the approximation we used here is pretty close to the best we can do with the given information. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> I thought the question was asking for the first 100 meters, not the last. confidence assessment: 2
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11:03:55 `q012. We just averaged two quantities, adding them in dividing by 2, to find an average rate. We didn't do that before. Why we do it now?
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RESPONSE --> I am not sure. confidence assessment: 0
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11:04:33 In previous examples the quantities weren't rates. We were given the amount of change of some accumulating quantity, and the change in time or in some other quantity on which the first was dependent (e.g., dollars and months, miles and gallons). Here we are given 2 rates, 10 m/s and 9 m/s, in a situation where we need an average rate in order to answer a question. Within this context, averaging the 2 rates was an appropriate tactic. You need to make note of anything in the given solution that you didn't understand when you solved the problem. If new ideas have been introduced in the solution, you need to note them. If you notice an error in your own thinking then you need to note that. In your own words, explain anything you didn't already understand and save your response as Notes.
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RESPONSE --> Because we were given two rates, it is appropriate to add and divide them by two. confidence assessment: 3
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11:11:42 `q001. There are 11 questions and 7 summary questions in this assignment. What is the area of a rectangle whose dimensions are 4 m by 3 meters.
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RESPONSE --> a=lw=4 *3=12 m^2 confidence assessment: 3
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11:11:49 A 4 m by 3 m rectangle can be divided into 3 rows of 4 squares, each 1 meter on a side. This makes 3 * 4 = 12 such squares. Each 1 meter square has an area of 1 square meter, or 1 m^2. The total area of the rectangle is therefore 12 square meters, or 12 m^2. The formula for the area of a rectangle is A = L * W, where L is the length and W the width of the rectangle. Applying this formula to the present problem we obtain area A = L * W = 4 m * 3 m = (4 * 3) ( m * m ) = 12 m^2. Note the use of the unit m, standing for meters, in the entire calculation. Note that m * m = m^2.
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RESPONSE --> I understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:12:23 `q002. What is the area of a right triangle whose legs are 4.0 meters and 3.0 meters?
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RESPONSE --> A=1/2 b*h=.5 (4*3)=6 m^2 confidence assessment: 3
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11:12:41 A right triangle can be joined along its hypotenuse with another identical right triangle to form a rectangle. In this case the rectangle would have dimensions 4.0 meters by 3.0 meters, and would be divided by any diagonal into two identical right triangles with legs of 4.0 meters and 3.0 meters. The rectangle will have area A = L * W = 4.0 m * 3.0 m = 12 m^2, as explained in the preceding problem. Each of the two right triangles, since they are identical, will therefore have half this area, or 1/2 * 12 m^2 = 6.0 m^2. The formula for the area of a right triangle with base b and altitude h is A = 1/2 * b * h.
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RESPONSE --> I understand this well. self critique assessment: 3
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11:16:37 `q003. What is the area of a parallelogram whose base is 5.0 meters and whose altitude is 2.0 meters?
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RESPONSE --> a=bh=5*2=10 m^2 confidence assessment: 3
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11:16:48 A parallelogram is easily rearranged into a rectangle by 'cutting off' the protruding end, turning that portion upside down and joining it to the other end. Hopefully you are familiar with this construction. In any case the resulting rectangle has sides equal to the base and the altitude so its area is A = b * h. The present rectangle has area A = 5.0 m * 2.0 m = 10 m^2.
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RESPONSE --> I understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:17:58 `q004. What is the area of a triangle whose base is 5.0 cm and whose altitude is 2.0 cm?
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RESPONSE --> a=.5(bh)=.5(10)=5 m^2 confidence assessment: 3
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11:18:15 It is possible to join any triangle with an identical copy of itself to construct a parallelogram whose base and altitude are equal to the base and altitude of the triangle. The area of the parallelogram is A = b * h, so the area of each of the two identical triangles formed by 'cutting' the parallelogram about the approriate diagonal is A = 1/2 * b * h. The area of the present triangle is therefore A = 1/2 * 5.0 cm * 2.0 cm = 1/2 * 10 cm^2 = 5.0 cm^2.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:20:04 `q005. What is the area of a trapezoid with a width of 4.0 km and average altitude of 5.0 km?
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RESPONSE --> area=altitude((b1+b2)/2)=20 km^2 This is a square? confidence assessment: 2
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11:20:17 Any trapezoid can be reconstructed to form a rectangle whose width is equal to that of the trapezoid and whose altitude is equal to the average of the two altitudes of the trapezoid. The area of the rectangle, and therefore the trapezoid, is therefore A = base * average altitude. In the present case this area is A = 4.0 km * 5.0 km = 20 km^2.
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RESPONSE --> a rectangle, not a square. self critique assessment: 3
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11:21:33 `q006. What is the area of a trapezoid whose width is 4 cm in whose altitudes are 3.0 cm and 8.0 cm?
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RESPONSE --> a=(8+3)/2=11/2*4=22 cm^2 confidence assessment: 2
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11:21:39 The area is equal to the product of the width and the average altitude. Average altitude is (3 cm + 8 cm) / 2 = 5.5 cm so the area of the trapezoid is A = 4 cm * 5.5 cm = 22 cm^2.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:22:17 `q007. What is the area of a circle whose radius is 3.00 cm?
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RESPONSE --> a=pie r^2=9pie or 28.26 confidence assessment: 3
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11:22:43 The area of a circle is A = pi * r^2, where r is the radius. Thus A = pi * (3 cm)^2 = 9 pi cm^2. Note that the units are cm^2, since the cm unit is part r, which is squared. The expression 9 pi cm^2 is exact. Any decimal equivalent is an approximation. Using the 3-significant-figure approximation pi = 3.14 we find that the approximate area is A = 9 pi cm^2 = 9 * 3.14 cm^2 = 28.26 cm^2, which we round to 28.3 cm^2 to match the number of significant figures in the given radius. Be careful not to confuse the formula A = pi r^2, which gives area in square units, with the formula C = 2 pi r for the circumference. The latter gives a result which is in units of radius, rather than square units. Area is measured in square units; if you get an answer which is not in square units this tips you off to the fact that you've made an error somewhere.
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RESPONSE --> i understand the difference between exact and rounding to significant figures. self critique assessment: 3
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11:23:15 `q008. What is the circumference of a circle whose radius is exactly 3 cm?
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RESPONSE --> c=pi *diameter=pi *2r=6pi confidence assessment: 3
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11:23:31 The circumference of this circle is C = 2 pi r = 2 pi * 3 cm = 6 pi cm. This is the exact area. An approximation to 3 significant figures is 6 * 3.14 cm = 18.84 cm. Note that circumference is measured in the same units as radius, in this case cm, and not in cm^2. If your calculation gives you cm^2 then you know you've done something wrong.
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RESPONSE --> i understand this well self critique assessment: 3
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11:24:15 `q009. What is the area of a circle whose diameter is exactly 12 meters?
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RESPONSE --> a=pi(r^2)=36pi meters diameter = 2r so r =6 confidence assessment: 3
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11:24:24 The area of a circle is A = pi r^2, where r is the radius. The radius of this circle is half the 12 m diameter, or 6 m. So the area is A = pi ( 6 m )^2 = 36 pi m^2. This result can be approximated to any desired accuracy by using a sufficient number of significant figures in our approximation of pi. For example using the 5-significant-figure approximation pi = 3.1416 we obtain A = 36 m^2 * 3.1416 = 113.09 m^2.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:25:30 `q010. What is the area of a circle whose circumference is 14 `pi meters?
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RESPONSE --> c=pi(d) 14pi=pi d so d=14 so r=7 a=pi (r^2)=49pi meters^2 confidence assessment: 3
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11:25:39 We know that A = pi r^2. We can find the area if we know the radius r. We therefore attempt to use the given information to find r. We know that circumference and radius are related by C = 2 pi r. Solving for r we obtain r = C / (2 pi). In this case we find that r = 14 pi m / (2 pi) = (14/2) * (pi/pi) m = 7 * 1 m = 7 m. We use this to find the area A = pi * (7 m)^2 = 49 pi m^2.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:27:09 `q011. What is the radius of circle whose area is 78 square meters?
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RESPONSE --> a=r^2pi 78/pi=r^2 square root of 24.84=r confidence assessment: 3
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11:27:29 Knowing that A = pi r^2 we solve for r. We first divide both sides by pi to obtain A / pi = r^2. We then reverse the sides and take the square root of both sides, obtaining r = sqrt( A / pi ). Note that strictly speaking the solution to r^2 = A / pi is r = +-sqrt( A / pi ), meaning + sqrt( A / pi) or - sqrt(A / pi). However knowing that r and A are both positive quantities, we can reject the negative solution. Now we substitute A = 78 m^2 to obtain r = sqrt( 78 m^2 / pi) = sqrt(78 / pi) m.{} Approximating this quantity to 2 significant figures we obtain r = 5.0 m.
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RESPONSE --> i understand this as well. self critique assessment: 3
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11:28:15 `q012. Summary Question 1: How do we visualize the area of a rectangle?
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RESPONSE --> As half of a square with its hypotenus dissecting the square. This is for right trigangles. confidence assessment: 2
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11:28:31 We visualize the rectangle being covered by rows of 1-unit squares. We multiply the number of squares in a row by the number of rows. So the area is A = L * W.
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RESPONSE --> I know that the formula is a=lw self critique assessment: 3
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11:28:48 `q013. Summary Question 2: How do we visualize the area of a right triangle?
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RESPONSE --> As half of a square. again a=1/2bh confidence assessment: 3
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11:28:58 We visualize two identical right triangles being joined along their common hypotenuse to form a rectangle whose length is equal to the base of the triangle and whose width is equal to the altitude of the triangle. The area of the rectangle is b * h, so the area of each triangle is 1/2 * b * h.
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RESPONSE --> I understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:29:18 `q014. Summary Question 3: How do we calculate the area of a parallelogram?
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RESPONSE --> a=altitude * base confidence assessment: 3
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11:29:28 The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product of its base and its altitude. The altitude is measured perpendicular to the base.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:29:54 `q015. Summary Question 4: How do we calculate the area of a trapezoid?
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RESPONSE --> area=altitude[(b1 +b2)]/2 confidence assessment: 3
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11:30:02 We think of the trapezoid being oriented so that its two parallel sides are vertical, and we multiply the average altitude by the width.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:30:11 `q016. Summary Question 5: How do we calculate the area of a circle?
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RESPONSE --> a=pi r^2 confidence assessment: 3
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11:30:19 We use the formula A = pi r^2, where r is the radius of the circle.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:30:50 `q017. Summary Question 6: How do we calculate the circumference of a circle? How can we easily avoid confusing this formula with that for the area of the circle?
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RESPONSE --> c=pi(d) you should not get squared units with circumference. confidence assessment: 3
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11:30:55 We use the formula C = 2 pi r. The formula for the area involves r^2, which will give us squared units of the radius. Circumference is not measured in squared units.
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RESPONSE --> i understand self critique assessment: 3
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11:31:30 `q018. Explain how you have organized your knowledge of the principles illustrated by the exercises in this assignment.
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RESPONSE --> I have learned how to compare the different shapes and to memorize their formulas. also important to be able to visualize the shape as given. confidence assessment: 3
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